A large proportion of non-Plan expenditure is due to

1) Interest Payment
2) Debt Repayment
3) Defense Capital
4) Salaries
5) Pensions
6) Grants To State
------------------------------------Ottamthullal is a art form Kerala state, India. The word Thullal means to jump or
leap about in theTamil language. In Ottamthullal, a solo performer, with green
makeup and a colourful costume (decorated with a long red and white band and
painted wooden ornaments), acts and dances while reciting dance Thullal (lyrics).[6] A
chorus or one artist or more, repeats each sentence as it is completed.
-----------------------------------------Understanding Issues Related to Black Money
Main sources of black money are Crime, corruption, counterfeit/fake notes and tax
evasion.
1) Tax Heavens
2) Offshore Financial Centers
3) Money Launderin
4) Hawala System
5) Round Tripping Can be done through
A) Participatory Notes
B) Raising Capital by Global Depository Receipts
C) Money coming in NGOs and Charitable Institutions
D) Transfer Pricing
In all these cases, money will move back to India and will be treated as legitimate
while its source may be illegal.
Effects of Black Money on economy:1) Government losses tax revenue

2) It is hard for RBI to frame effective monetary policy. Black money floating in
economy is impossible to estimate and remains out of preview of government.
RBI increases interest rates, CRR, SLR etc. to regulate money supply but more

3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

there is black money, more is ineffectiveness of these measures.

Corruption Black money is both cause and effect of corruption.
National Security
Overpriced real estate prices
Lack of innovation and research
Capital Flight in order to escape domestic rules and regulation scarce capital
in India moves out to Tax heavens.

Steps taken by Government

1) Rationalizing Income tax rates
2) Introduction of Tax Deduction at Source
3) Voluntary Compliance Schemes/ Amnesty Schemes
4) Prevention of Money Laundering Act,2002
5) General Anti Avoidance Rules (GAAR): GAAR will be applicable from 1st April 2015
6) Improving Currency note
Some Institutions for combating black money
1) Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT)
2) Enforcement Directorate
3) Financial Intelligence Unit
India joined Global crusade against black money
1) G-20 countries
2) Multilateral convention of Mutual Administrative Assistance in tax Matters
3) Financial Action Task force
--------------------------------------International agencies launch sustainable tourism programme
The Ten-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production
Patterns (10YFP) will be led by United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
and the governments of France, the Republic of Korea and the Kingdom of Morocco,
with the support of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Absence of sustainable management , tourism can deplete
1) Natural resources leading to water shortages
2) Loss of biodiversity
3) Land degradation
4) Contribute to climate change and pollution
----------------------------------------How to reform and how not to MGNREGA
best way to reform such a programme is to study carefully the conditions that made it
a success and also to undertake a diagnostics of its failures, so as to learn how best to
fix it.
Failures of the programme: not being able to generate more than 50 days of work per
annum, in the poor quality of assets created, in the delays in payments to workers and
also in the inability of the really needy areas of the country to take full advantage of
the programme.

Success of Programme: thousands of villages where water harvesting structures have

been created, agriculture has improved, nearly 100 days of work has been provided,
distress migration has reduced and women have been empowered.
------------------------------------------------------------------------key to good governance:
1) Flexibility of the political system
2) The sagacity of the political leadership and its openness to information from all
quarters.
--------------------------------National Education Day Celebrated
The country celebrates the National Education Day every year on 11th of November
which is the birth anniversary of Indias great freedom movement leader Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad, who was also Indias first education minister.
To mark the celebration of National Education Day, the following new initiatives were
started by the Ministry of HRD

Saksham which is a college level scholarship for differently abled, needy and
meritorious children.
Pragati which is a scholarship for girl students who are pursuing technical
education at college level.
Skill Credit Framework document which provides a Skill Assessment Matrix for
Vocational Advancement of Youth (SAMAVAY). SAMAVAY allows multiple
pathways between Vocational education skills, education and job markets.
This will facilitate India to harness the potential of young India.
Know your College Portal which is an application developed for helping a
prospective student make a valued judgment of the college he / she wishes to
join by providing him / her the necessary information about the college.
Unnat Bharat Abhiyan to involve higher educational institutions to work with
the people of rural India in identifying development challenges and evolving
appropriate solutions for accelerating sustainable growth.