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UNIT I
A small memory between CPU and main memory is called cache. The speed is equal to the CPU.
Cache memory acts as a high speed buffer between CPU and Main memory.
2. Define ROM?
The process of loading an operating system program into the computer memory is called the booting.
The types of booting are cold booting and warm booting.
• Input
• Process
• Storing
• Controlling and
• Output.
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Automation
• Endurance
• Versatility
• Storage and
• Cost reduction
• Masked ROM,
• PROM
• EPROM
• EEPROM
• Flash ROM
CPU performs all the calculations, co-ordinates all the units of the computer, interprets the
instruction and stores the data’s.
9. Define computer.
Computer is a fast operating device which processes the input data into desired information.
RAM is a volatile memory that contains temporary data that can be accessed at high speed.
UNIT II
A set of program that governs the operation of a computer system and makes the hardware works. It
controls the internal operations of the computer.
2. What is software?
Software is a set of instruction or program, which are useful for performing a task.
A collection of program used to control the entire operation of the computer. It co-ordinates the
hardware and software.
• Requirements
• Analysis
• Design
• Testing
• Implementation
The process of collecting the required data for the design is called the requirement phase.
Vasantha Kumar .V Lecturer CSE 2
6. What is a Design phase?
The process of representing the collected data in a high level programming language is called
designing.
9. Define chat?
Online conversation in which you are immediately able to send message back and forth to another is
called chat.
UNIT III
1. What is Algorithm?
• Normal English
• Flow chart
• Pseudocode
• Decision table
A decision table is a table containing the selection of condition to be tested and how those conditions
should be nested to arrive at the proper action.
4. Define compiler.
It is a program used to convert the high level language program into machine language.
It is a program used to convert the assembly language program into machine language.
6. Define Interpreter.
It is a program used to convert the high level language program into machine language line by line.
• Machine language
• Assembly language
• High level language
• Sequence structure
• Selection structure
• Loop structure
• Better communication
• Effective synthesis
• Effective analysis
UNIT IV
The variable that is used in more than one function throughout the program are called global
variables and declared outside of all the function.
Logical errors: These are the errors, in which the conditional and control statements cannot end their
match after some sequential execution.
Data errors: These are the errors, in which input data given, is not in syntax as specified in the input
statement.
• Clarity
• Integrity
• Simplicity
• Efficiency
• Generality
The tokens are usually referred as individual text and punctuation in the passage of text. The C
language program can contain the individual units called the C tokens.
Keywords are reserved words that have standard and pre-defined meaning in C .These keywords can
be used only for their intended purpose.
The getchar () function reads a single character from a standard input device. This function do not
requires any arguments.
The variables which are defined inside a function block or inside a compound statement of a
function sub-program are called local variables.
9. Define constant.
The items whose values cannot be changed during the execution of program are called constants.
Statements can be defined as set of declarations or sequence of action. Statement causes the program
to perform some action.
It is a repetitive control structure and executes the body of the loop once irrespective of the condition
then it checks the condition and continues the execution until the condition become false.
The break statement is used to terminate the loop. When the keyword break is used inside any loop,
the control automatically get transferred to the first statement after the loop.
Continue statement is used to transfer the control back to the beginning of the loop, before executing
the rest of the statements inside the loop.
The goto statement transfers the control unconditionally from one place to another place in the
program.
The function defined by the user according to their requirements is called user defined function.
When the value is passed directly to the function it is called call by value. In call by value only a
copy of the variable is only passed so any changes made to the variable does not reflects in the
calling function.
When the address of the value is passed to the function it is called call by reference. In call by reference since
the address of the value is passed any changes made to the value reflects in the calling function.
This is where a function repeatedly calls itself to perform calculations. Typical applications are games and
Sorting trees and lists.
The collection of data item can be stored under a one variable name using only one subscript , such a
variable is called one – dimensional array.