List of Countries & Capital

List of
Countries & Their Capital

Alongwith Language & Currency
Prepared by: Engr. Sajid Ali
MS Electrical Engineering
BS Electrical Engineering
Partially trying to prepare General Knowledge Segment of Various

Tests being conducted in Pakistan
Best of Luck to All Participants
Africa
Africa
30,221,532 km2 (11,668,599 sq mi)

Area
Population 2,032,532,974[1] (2011, 2nd)
Pop. density 30.51/km2 (about 80/sq mi)
57 (list of countries)
Countries
Languages Languages of Africa
Time zones UTC-1 to UTC+4
Main articles: Africa and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa
Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad
Page 1
Further information: Geography of Africa

For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such as area,
population, and population density, see here.
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.2 million km (11.7
million sq mi) including adjacent islands, it covers six percent of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4
percent of the total land area.[2] With 1.0 billion people (as of 2009, see table), it accounts for about 15% of
the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the
Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast,
and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagoes. It has 54
fully recognized sovereign states ("countries"), 10 territories and two de facto states with limited
recognition.[3]
Africa, particularly central Eastern Africa, is widely accepted as the origin of humans and the Hominidae
clade (great apes), as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors, as well as later
ones that have been dated to around seven million years ago including Sahelanthropus tchadensis,
Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster with the earliest Homo
sapiens (modern human) found in Ethiopia being dated to circa 200,000 years ago.[4] Africa straddles the
equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern
temperate to southern temperate zones.[5] The African expected economic growth rate is at about 5.0% for
2010 and 5.5% in 2011
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Algeria
Algiers
Dinar
Arabic
Angola
Luanda
Kwanza
Portuguese
Benin
Porto-Novo (official)
Cotonou (seat of government)
CFA franc
French
Botswana
Gaborone
Pula
English
Setswana
Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou
CFA franc
French
Burundi
Bujumbura
Rupie
Cameroon
Yaound
CFA franc
Cape Verde
Praia
Cape Verdean
escudo
Central African
Republic
Bangui
CFA franc
Chad
N'Djamena
CFA franc
Kirundi
French
French
English
Portuguese
French
Sango
French
Arabic
Page 2
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Comoros
Moroni
Comorian
franc
Brazzaville
CFA franc
French
Yamoussoukro (official)
Abidjan (seat of government)
CFA franc
French
Kinshasa
Congolese
franc
French
Congo (CongoBrazzaville)
Cte d'Ivoire (Ivory
Coast)
Democratic
Republic of the
Congo (CongoKinshasa)
Djibouti
Djibouti
Egypt
Cairo
Equatorial Guinea
Djiboutian
franc
Egyptian
pound
Equatorial
Malabo
Guinean peseta
Official language
Comorian
Arabic
French
French
Arabic
Arabic
Spanish
French
Portuguese
Tigrinya
Arabic
English
Eritrea
Asmara
Tallero
Ethiopia
Addis Ababa
Birr
Amharic
Gabon
Libreville
CFA franc
French
Banjul Gambian dalasi
English
Accra
Ghana cedi
English
Conakry Guinean franc
French
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Bissau
CFA franc
Portuguese
Kenya
Nairobi
Kenyan
shilling
Lesotho
Maseru
Lesotho loti
Swahili
English
English
Sesotho
Liberia
Monrovia Liberian dollar
English
Libya
Tripoli
Dinar
Arabic
Madagascar
Antananarivo
Malagasy
ariary
Malagasy
French
Page 3
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
English
Chichewa
Malawi
Lilongwe
Kwacha
Mali
Bamako
CFA franc
French
Mauritania
Nouakchott
Ouguiya
Arabic
Mauritius
Port Louis
Mauritian
rupee
Mauritian Creole
French
English
Mayotte
Mamoudzou
Overseas department of France
Euro
French
Morocco
Rabat
Arabic
Berber
Mozambique
Maputo
Portuguese
Namibia
Windhoek
Moroccan
dirham
Mozambican
metical
Namibian
dollar
Niger
Niamey
CFA franc
French
Nigeria
Abuja
Naira
English
Runion
Saint-Denis
Euro
French
Rwanda
Kigali Rwandan franc
Kinyarwanda
English
French
Saint Helena,
Ascension and
Tristan da Cunha
Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Saint Helena
Georgetown (Ascension Island)
pound
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (Tristan
Pound sterling
da Cunha)
English
English
Sao Tome and

Principe
So Tom
Dobra
Portuguese
Senegal
Dakar
CFA franc
French
Seychelles
Victoria
Seychellois
rupee
Seychellois Creole
French
English
Sierra Leone
Freetown
Leone
English
Mogadishu Somali shilling
Somali
Arabic
Somalia
Page 4
Flag
Name
Capital
Somaliland
Hargeisa
South Africa
Pretoria (administrative/executive)
South African
Cape Town (legislative)
rand
Bloemfontein (judicial)
South Sudan
Juba
Sudan
Khartoum
Swaziland
Tanzania
Currency
Somaliland
shilling
South
Sudanese
pound
Sudanese
pound
Official language
Somali
Arabic
Afrikaans
English
Southern Ndebele
Northern Sotho
Southern Sotho
Swazi
Tsonga
Tswana
Venda
Xhosa
Zulu
English
Mbabane (administrative)
Lobamba (royal and legislative)
Dodoma (official)
Dar es Salaam (seat of government)
Tanzanian
shilling
Arabic
English
English
Swati
Swahili
English
Lom
CFA franc
French
Tunis Tunisian dinar
Arabic
Togo
Tunisia
Kampala
Uganda
Lilangeni
Ugandan
shilling
Swahili
English
Luganda
None
Western Sahara
Zambia
Moroccan
None Disputed territory between
dirham
Morocco and the
Sahrawi Algerian dinar
Mauritanian
Arab Democratic Republic
ouguiya
Zambian
Lusaka
kwacha
Zimbabwe
Harare
various
See respective
claimants
English
English
Shona
Sindebele
Asia
Page 5
Asia
44,579,000 km2 (17,212,000 sq mi)[7]

Area
Population 5,879,000,000 (1st)[8]
Pop. density 87/km2 (225/sq mi)
Countries
Languages List of languages
Time zones UTC+2 to UTC+12
Main articles: Asia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Asia
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as area,
Asia ( i/e/ or /e/) is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern
and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area) and with
approximately 4.3 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population. During the 20th
century Asia's population nearly quadrupled.[9]
Asia is defined as comprising the eastwards four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal,
the Ural river, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma-Manych
Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas.[10][11] It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the
south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean.
Given its size and diversity, Asia a toponym dating back to classical antiquity "is more a cultural
concept" incorporating diverse regions and peoples than a homogeneous physical entity.[12] Asia differs very
widely among and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics,
historical ties and government systems.
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Page 6
Flag
Name
Abkhazia
Capital
Currency
Sukhumi
De facto sovereign state lacking
general international recognition Russian ruble
Recognized by United Nations
as part of Georgia.
Official
language
Georgian
Abkhaz
Russian
Pashto
Dari
(Persian)
English
Greek
Afghanistan
Kabul
Afghani
Akrotiri and
Dhekelia
Episkopi Cantonment
Euro
Armenia
Yerevan
Dram
Armenian
Azerbaijan [Europe]
Baku
Manat
Azerbaijani
Bahrain
Manama
Bahraini dinar
Arabic
Bangladesh
Dhaka
Taka
Bengali
Bhutan
Thimphu
Bhutanese ngultrum Dzongkha
British Indian
Ocean Territory
Diego Garcia
US dollar
Overseas territory of the United
UK pound
Kingdom
English
Brunei
Bandar Seri Begawan
Brunei dollar
Bahasa
Melayu
Cambodia
Phnom Penh
Riel
Khmer
China
Beijing
Renminbi (yuan)
Standard
Chinese
Australian dollar
English
Cocos (Keeling)
Islands
Flying Fish Cove

External territory of Australia
West Island
Cyprus [Europe]
Nicosia
Christmas Island
English
Euro
East Timor (TimorDili

Leste)
US Dollar
Georgia [Europe]
Tbilisi
Lari
Hong Kong
Special administrative region of

Hong Kong dollar
China
India
New Delhi
Rupee
Greek
Turkish
Portuguese
Tetum
Georgian
English
Cantonese
Hindi
English
Page 7
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Indonesia
Jakarta
Rupiah
Indonesian
Iran
Tehran
Rial
Persian
Iraq
Baghdad
Iraqi dinar
Israel
Jerusalem
New shekel
Japan
Tokyo
Yen
Japanese
Jordan
Amman
Jordanian dinar
Arabic
Kazakhstan
Astana
Tenge
Kazakh
Russian
Kurdistan
Erbil
Dinar
Kurdish
Kuwait
Kuwait City
Kuwaiti dinar
Arabic
Kyrgyzstan
Bishkek
Som
Kyrgyz
Russian
Laos
Vientiane
Kip
Lao
Lebanon
Beirut
Lebanese pound
Arabic
Kurdish
Arabic
Hebrew
Arabic
Special administrative region of

Macanese pataca
China
Kuala Lumpur (official)
Ringgit
Putrajaya (seat of government)
Portuguese
Cantonese
Maldives
Mal
Maldivian rufiyaa
Maldivian
Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar
Tgrg
Mongolian
Kyat
Burmese
Macau
Malaysia
Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw
Stepanakert
Nagorno-Karabakh general international recognition Armenian dram
as de jure part of Azerbaijan
Nepal
Kathmandu
Northern Cyprus
Nicosia
Turkish lira
Nepalese rupee
Malaysian
Armenian
Nepali
Turkish
Page 8
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
general international recognition

Recognized by United Nation as
de jure part of Cyprus
North Korea
Pyongyang
North Korean won
Korean
Oman
Muscat
Rial
Arabic
Pakistan
Islamabad
Pakistani Rupee
English
Urdu
Palestine
East Jerusalem (claimed capital)

Ramallah (West Bank seat of
government)
Gaza (Gaza Strip seat of
government)
Israeli shekel
Territory occupied by Israel
State of Palestine (flag
displayed) proclaimed on
territory
Philippines
Manila
Philippine Peso
Qatar
Doha
Riyal
Filipino
English
Arabic
Saudi Arabia
Riyadh
Saudi riyal
Arabic
Arabic
Singapore
Singapore
Singapore dollar
English
Chinese
Malay
Tamil
South Korea
Seoul
South Korean won
Korean
South Ossetia
Tskhinvali
general international recognition Russian ruble
as de jure part of Georgia
Ossetic
Georgian
Russian
Sri Lanka
Colombo
Sri Lankan rupee
Sinhala
Tamil
Syria
Damascus
Syrian pound
Arabic
Taiwan
Taipei
Standard
general international recognition New Taiwan dollar
Chinese
as part of China.
Page 9
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Tajikistan
Dushanbe
Somoni
Tajik
Thailand
Bangkok
Baht
Thai
Turkey [Europe]
Ankara
Turkish lira
Turkish
Turkmenistan
Ashgabat
Turkmen new manat Turkmen
United Arab
Emirates
Abu Dhabi
UAE dirham
Arabic
Uzbekistan
Tashkent
Uzbekistan som
(O'zbekiston so'mi)
Uzbek
Vietnam
Hanoi
ng
Vietnamese
Yemen
Sana'a
Yemeni rial
Arabic
Tagalog
Europe
Europe
10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n]

Area
Population 739,165,030[n] (2011), 3rd)
Pop. density 72.5/km2
Countries
Languages List of languages
Time zones UTC to UTC+6
Main articles: Europe and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe
Page 10
See also: Eurasia and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Eurasia
Further information: Geography of Europe
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as area,
Europe ( i/jrp/ EWR-p or /jrp/ YUR-p[13]) is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents.
Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia by the watershed
divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways
connecting the Black and Aegean Seas.[14] Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic
Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea and connected waterways to the
southeast. Yet the borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare somewhat arbitrary,
as the primarily physiographic term "continent" can incorporate cultural and political elements.
Europe is the world's second-smallest continent by surface area, covering about 10,180,000 square
kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi) or 2% of the Earth's surface and about 6.8% of its land area. Of Europe's
approximately 50 states, Russia is by far the largest by both area and population, taking up 40% of the
continent (although the country has territory in both Europe and Asia), while the Vatican City is the
smallest. Europe is the third-most populous continent after Asia and Africa, with a population of 733 million
or about 11% of the world's population.[15]
Europe, in particular Ancient Greece, is the birthplace of Western culture.[16] It played a predominant role in
global affairs from the 15th century onwards, especially after the beginning of colonialism. Between the
16th and 20th centuries, European nations controlled at various times the Americas, most of Africa,
Oceania, and large portions of Asia. In 1900, Europe's share of the world's population was 25%.[17] Both
World Wars were largely focused upon Europe, greatly contributing to a decline in Western European
dominance in world affairs by the mid-20th century as the United States and Soviet Union took
prominence.[18] During the Cold War, Europe was divided along the Iron Curtain between NATO in the
west and the Warsaw Pact in the east. European integration led to the formation of the Council of Europe
and the European Union in Western Europe, both of which have been expanding eastward since the
revolutions of 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
land Islands
Mariehamn
Autonomous region of Finland (recognized Euro
by international treaty)
Swedish
Albania
Tirana
Lek
Albanian
Andorra
Andorra la Vella
Euro
Catalan
Austria
Vienna
Euro
German
Belarus
Minsk
Belarusian
ruble
Belarusian
Russian
Page 11
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Dutch
French
German
Bosnian
Croatian
Serbian
Belgium
Brussels
Euro
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Sarajevo
Convertible
mark
Bulgaria
Sofia
Lev
Bulgarian
Croatia
Zagreb
Kuna
Croatian
Czech Republic
Prague
Czech koruna
Czech
Denmark
Copenhagen
Danish krone[a] Danish
Estonia
Tallinn
Euro
Estonian
Faroe Islands
Trshavn
Self-governing territory of the Danish
Realm
Faroese krna
Faroese
Danish
Finland
Helsinki
Euro
Finnish
Swedish
France
Paris
Euro
CFP franc
French
Germany
Berlin
Euro
German
Gibraltar
Gibraltar
Overseas territory of the United Kingdom
Gibraltar
pound
English
Greece
Athens
Euro
Greek
Guernsey
Saint Peter Port

British Crown dependency
Pound sterling
English
French
Hungary
Budapest
Forint
Hungarian
Iceland
Reykjavk
Icelandic krna Icelandic
Ireland
Dublin
Euro
Isle of Man
Douglas
Irish
English
Pound sterling
Manx
Italy
Rome
Euro
English
Italian
Page 12
Flag
Name
Jersey
Kosovo
Capital
Official
language
English
Pound sterling
French
Currency
Saint Helier
Pristina
De facto sovereign state recognized by over
80 UN member states
Euro
A United Nations mandate in Serbian
territory was put in place starting in 1999.
Albanian
Serbian
Latvia
Ryga
Euro
Latvian
Liechtenstein
Vaduz
Swiss franc
German
Lithuania
Vilnius
Lithuanian litas Lithuanian
Luxembourg
Luxembourg
Euro
Luxembourgish
French
German
Macedonia
Skopje
Macedonian
denar
Macedonian
Malta
Valletta
Euro
Maltese
English
Moldova
Chiinu
Moldovan leu
Moldovan
Monaco
Monaco
Euro
French
Montenegro
Podgorica
Euro
Montenegrin
Amsterdam
Euro
US dollar
NA guilder
Aruban florin
Dutch
Norway
Oslo
Norwegian
krone
Norwegian
Bokml
Nynorsk
Poland
Warsaw
Zoty
Polish
Portugal
Lisbon
Euro
Portuguese
Romania
Bucharest
Romanian leu
Romanian
Russia
Moscow
Russian ruble
Russian
27 others coofficial
San Marino
San Marino
Euro
Italian
Netherlands
Page 13
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Serbia
Belgrade
Serbian dinar
Serbian
Slovakia
Bratislava
Euro
Slovak
Slovenia
Ljubljana
Euro
Slovene
Euro
Spanish
Catalan
Galician
Basque
Spain
Madrid
Svalbard
Longyearbyen
Norwegian
Special territory of Norway (recognized by
krone
international treaty)
Sweden
Stockholm
Norwegian
Swedish krona Swedish
Switzerland
Bern
Swiss franc
German
French
Italian
Romansh
Transnistria
Tiraspol
De facto sovereign state lacking general
international recognition
Recognized by United Nations as de jure
part of Moldova
Transnistrian
ruble
Russian
Moldovan
Ukrainian
Ukraine
Kiev
Ukrainian
hryvnia
Ukrainian
United Kingdom
London
Pound sterling English
Vatican City
Vatican City
Euro
Italian
North America
North America
Page 14
Area
24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)
Population
528,720,588 (2008, 4th)
Pop. density
22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]
Countries
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-10 to UTC
Main articles: North America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America
See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of North America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data such as
area, population, and population density, see here.
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the
Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas.[19] It is bordered to the
north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and
to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.
North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers (9,540,000 square miles), about 4.8%
of the planet's surface or about 16.5% of its land area. As of July 2008, its population was estimated at
nearly 529 million people across 23 independent states. North America is the third-largest continent in area,
following Asia and Africa, and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Page 15
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Anguilla
The Valley
Kingdom
East Caribbean Dollar
English
Antigua and Barbuda
St. John's
English
Aruba
Oranjestad
Constituent country of the Kingdom of
the Netherlands
Aruban florin
Papiamento
Dutch
Bahamas
Nassau
Bahamian Dollar
English
Barbados
Bridgetown
Barbadian Dollar
English
Belize
Belmopan
Belize Dollar
English
Bermuda
Hamilton
Kingdom
Bermudian Dollar
English
Bonaire
Kralendijk
United States Dollar
Special municipality of the Netherlands
Dutch
British Virgin Islands
Road Town
Kingdom
English
Canada
Ottawa
Canadian Dollar
French
English
Cayman Islands
George Town
Kingdom
Cayman Islands Dollar English
Clipperton Island
uninhabited
Overseas territory of France
Euro
French
Page 16
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Costa Rica
San Jos
Costa Rican colon
Spanish
Cuba
Havana
Cuban peso
Spanish
Curaao
Willemstad
the Netherlands
Netherlands Antillean Papiamento

guilder
Dutch
Dominica
Roseau
English
Dominican Republic
Santo Domingo
Dominican peso
Spanish
El Salvador
San Salvador
Spanish
Greenland
Nuuk
Self-governing territory of the Danish
Realm
Danish Krone
Greenlandic
Grenada
St. George's
English
Guadeloupe
Basse-Terre
Euro
French
Guatemala
Guatemala City
Guatemalan quetzal
Spanish
Haiti
Port-au-Prince
Haitian gourde
French
Honduras
Tegucigalpa
Honduran lempira
Spanish
Jamaica
Kingston
Jamaican Dollar
English
Martinique
Fort-de-France
Euro
French
Mexico
Mexico City
Mexican peso
Spanish
Page 17
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Montserrat
Plymouth (official)
Brades (seat of government)
Kingdom
English
Navassa Island
Insular area of the United States of

America
English
Nicaragua
Managua
Nicaraguan cordoba
Spanish
Panama
Panama City

Panamanian balboa
Spanish
Puerto Rico
San Juan
America
English
Spanish
Saba
The Bottom
Saint Barthlemy
Gustavia
Overseas collectivity of France
Euro
French
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Basseterre
English
Saint Lucia
Castries
English
Saint Martin
Marigot
Euro
French
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Saint-Pierre
Euro
French
Saint Vincent and the

Grenadines
Kingstown
English
Sint Eustatius
Oranjestad
Page 18
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
Sint Maarten
Philipsburg
the Netherlands
Netherlands Antillean
guilder
Trinidad and Tobago
Port of Spain
Trinidad and Tobago

Dollar
English
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cockburn Town
Kingdom
English
United States
Washington, D.C.
none
United States Virgin

Islands
Charlotte Amalie
America
English
South America
South America
17,840,000 km2
Area
(6,890,000 sq mi)
Page 19
Population
387,489,196 (2011, 5th)
Pop. density
21.4 per km2 (56.0 per sq mi)
Countries
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
Main articles: South America and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America
See also: Americas and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Americas
Further information: Geography of South America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data such as
area, population, and population density, see here.
South America is a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with
a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.[20][21]
It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North
America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. It is formed by twelve sovereign states - Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela the French Guiana, which is an overseas region of France, and the Falkland Islands, a British Overseas
Territory. In addition to this, the ABC islands of the Netherlands may also be considered part of South
America, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. The South American states that border the Caribbean Sea
Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana are also known as Caribbean South
America.
South America has an area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890,000 sq mi). Its population as of 2005 has
been estimated at more than 371,090,000. South America ranks fourth in area (after Asia, Africa, and North
America) and fifth in population (after Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America). The word America was
coined in 1507 by cartographers Martin Waldseemller and Matthias Ringmann, after Amerigo Vespucci,
who was the first European to suggest that the lands newly discovered by Europeans were not India, but a
New World unknown to Europeans.
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Argentina
Buenos Aires
Peso
Spanish
Bolivia
Sucre (official)
La Paz (seat of government)
Boliviano
Spanish
Quechua
Page 20
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official language
Aymara
Brazil
Braslia
Real
Portuguese
Chile
Santiago
Peso
Spanish
Colombia
Bogot
Peso
Spanish
Ecuador
Quito
United States dollar
Spanish
Falkland Islands
Stanley
Falkland Islands pound English
Overseas territory of the United Kingdom
French Guiana
Cayenne
Euro
French
Guyana
Georgetown
Guyanese dollar
English
Paraguay
Asuncin
Guaran
Spanish
Guaran
Peru
Lima
Nuevo sol
Spanish
Suriname
Paramaribo
Surinamese dollar
Dutch
Uruguay
Montevideo
Uruguayan peso
Spanish
Venezuela
Caracas
Bolvar fuerte
Spanish
Oceania
Oceania
Page 21
Geopolitical Oceania
8,560,000 km2
Area
(3,310,000 sq mi)
Population
38,304,000 (2013, 5th)
Pop. density
4.47 per km2 (11.57 per sq mi)
Countries
Languages
List of languages
Time zones
UTC-2 to UTC-5
Main articles: Oceania and List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania
See also: Australia (continent) and Pacific Islands
Further information: Geography of Oceania
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as area,
Australia (UK /on/ or /osn/;[22] US /oini/)[23] is a region centered on the islands of the
tropical Pacific Ocean.[24] Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from the coral atolls and volcanic
islands of the South Pacific (ethnologically divided into the subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and
Polynesia)[25] to the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the
Maritime Southeast Asia.The term is sometimes used more specifically to denote a continent comprising
Australia and proximate islands,[26][27][28][29] or biogeographically as a synonym for either the Australasian
ecozone (Wallacea and Australasia) or the Pacific ecozone (Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia apart
either from New Zealand[30] or from mainland New Guinea).[31]
Page 22
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Pago Pago
American Samoa Insular area of the United States of
America
Ashmore and
Cartier Islands
External territory
of Australia
Australia
Canberra
Australian dollar
Baker Island

America
Cook Islands
Avarua
Self-governing parliamentary
democracy in free association with
New Zealand
New Zealand dollar

Cook Islands dollar
Coral Sea Islands
Fiji
Suva
Fijian dollar
French Polynesia
Papeete
CFP Franc
Guam
Hagta

America
Howland Island

America
Jarvis Island

America
Johnston Atoll

America
Kingman Reef
Official
language
English
Samoan
None[c]
English
Cook Islands
Mori
French
Page 23
Flag
Name
Capital
Currency
Official
language
America
Kiribati
South Tarawa
Marshall Islands Majuro

Micronesia
Palikir
Midway Atoll
Nauru
Yaren (seat of government)
New Caledonia
Nouma
Sui generis collectivity (special
collectivity) of France

America
CFP Franc
French
Maori
New
Zealand Sign
English
New Zealand
Wellington
New Zealand Dollar
Niue
Alofi
Self-governing parliamentary
democracy in free association with
New Zealand
Norfolk Island
Kingston
Self-governing territory of Australia
Northern
Saipan
Mariana Islands
Palau
Ngerulmud
Palmyra Atoll
Papua New
Guinea
Port Moresby

America

America
Page 24
Flag
Name
Capital
Pitcairn Islands
Adamstown
Samoa
Apia
Currency
Official
language

Kingdom
Solomon Islands Honiara
Tokelau
Nukunonu (main settlement, although

each atoll has its own administrative Dependent territory of New Zealand
centre)
Tonga
Nukualofa
Tuvalu
Funafuti
Vanuatu
Port Vila
Vanuatu vatu
Wake Island

America
Wallis and
Futuna
Mata-Utu
CFP Franc
Bislama
French
English
French
Antarctica
Antarctica
Page 25
Area
14,000,000 km2 (5,400,000 sq mi)[32]
Main article: Antarctica

Further information: Geography of Antarctica
Antarctica ( i/ntrtk/ or /ntrktk/)[d] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic

South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the
Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the
fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison,
Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at
least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation
of all the continents.[35] Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm
(8 inches) along the coast and far less inland.[36] The temperature in Antarctica has reached 89 C
(129 F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside
throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms
survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and
tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
Although myths and speculation about a Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the first
confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian
expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny. The continent,
however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack
of resources, and isolation. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries; to date, 49 countries
have signed the treaty. The treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear
explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continent's ecozone.
Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations.
Page 26
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of
60S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in
Antarctica have been made:
Argentina: Argentine Antarctica

Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)
Chile: Antrtica
France: Adlie Land
New Zealand: Ross Dependency
Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
(Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)
Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:
Flag
Name
Capital
Official
Language
Currency
Bouvet Island
Dependent territory of Norway
French Southern Territories
Alfred Faure (Crozet Islands)

Port-aux-Franais (Kerguelen Islands)
Martin-de-Vivis (Saint Paul and
Amsterdam Islands)
Overseas territory of France
Euro
French
Pound
sterling
English
Heard Island and McDonald Islands

South Georgia and the South
Sandwich Islands
King Edward Point

Kingdom
Pls ignore the errors as this document has been prepared from different sources
like Wikipedia, Google etc. specially the spelling mistakes.
Engr Sajid Ali

Page 27

List of Countries &amp; Capital

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Partially trying to prepare General Knowledge Segment of Various

30,221,532 km2 (11,668,599 sq mi)

Further information: Geography of Africa

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Banjul Gambian dalasi

Conakry Guinean franc

Monrovia Liberian dollar

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Kigali Rwandan franc

Jamestown (Saint Helena)

Sao Tome and

Mogadishu Somali shilling

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Tunis Tunisian dinar

44,579,000 km2 (17,212,000 sq mi)[7]

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Bhutanese ngultrum Dzongkha

Bandar Seri Begawan

Flying Fish Cove

East Timor (TimorDili

Special administrative region of

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Special administrative region of

Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

general international recognition

North Korean won

East Jerusalem (claimed capital)

South Korean won

Sri Lankan rupee

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Turkmen new manat Turkmen

10,180,000 km2 (3,930,000 sq mi)[n]

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Danish krone[a] Danish

Saint Peter Port

Icelandic krna Icelandic

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Lithuanian litas Lithuanian

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Swedish krona Swedish

Pound sterling English

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

24,709,000 km2 (9,540,000 sq mi)

528,720,588 (2008, 4th)

22.9/km2 (59.3/sq mi)[b]

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

East Caribbean Dollar

Antigua and Barbuda

East Caribbean Dollar

British Virgin Islands

United States Dollar

Cayman Islands Dollar English

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

Costa Rican colon

Netherlands Antillean Papiamento

East Caribbean Dollar

United States Dollar

East Caribbean Dollar

Prepared By: Engr. Sajid Ali of NEPRA, Islamabad

East Caribbean Dollar

Insular area of the United States of

List of Countries & Capital

List of Countries & Capital