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MARITIME COMMERCE
nationals.
With respect to Article 573, read P.D. No. 474, Sections 3 & 12(h)
Philippine laws.
TITLE TWO
PERSONS WHO TAKE PART IN MARITIME
COMMERCE
SECTION ONE
SHIPOWNERS AND SHIP AGENTS
43, except (1) those owned and/or operated by the Armed Forces
of the Philippines and by foreign governments for military
purposes, and (ii) bancas, sailboats and other waterborne
contrivance of less than three gross tons capacity and not
motorized.
c. "Philippine national" A citizen of the Philippines; or a
ARTICLE 587. The ship agent shall also be civilly liable for
the indemnities in favor of third persons which may arise
from the conduct of the captain in the care of the goods
which he loaded on the vessel; but he may exempt himself
therefrom by abandoning the vessel with all her
equipments and the freight it may have earned during the
voyage.
TRANSPORTATION LAWS
ARTICLE 588. Neither the shipowner nor the ship agent
shall be liable for the obligations contracted by the captain,
if the latter exceeds the powers and privileges pertaining
to him by reason of his position or conferred upon him by
the former.
Nevertheless, if the amounts claimed were invested for the
benefit of the vessel, the responsibility therefor shall
devolve upon its owner or agent.
ARTICLE 589. If two or more persons should be part
owners of a merchant vessel, a partnership shall be
presumed as established by the co-owners.
This partnership shall be governed by the resolutions of
the majority of the members.
If the part owners should not be more than two, the
disagreement of views, if any, shall be decided by the vote
of the member having the largest interest. If the interests
are equal, it should be decided by lot.
The person having the smallest share in the ownership
shall have one vote; and proportionately the other part
owners as many votes as they have parts equal to the
smallest one.
A vessel may not be detained, attached or levied upon in
execution in its entirety, for the private debts of a part
owner, but the proceedings shall be limited to the interest
which the debtor may have in the vessel, without
interfering with the navigation.
SECTION TWO
CAPTAINS AND MASTERS OF VESSELS
ARTICLE 609. Captains, masters or patrons of vessels
must be Filipinos, have legal capacity to contract in
accordance with this code, and prove the skill, capacity,
and qualifications necessary to command and direct the
vessel, as established by marine or navigation laws,
ordinances, or regulations, and must not be disqualified
according to the same for the discharge of the duties of
the position.
If the owner of a vessel desires to be the captain thereof,
without having the legal qualifications therefor, he shall
limit himself to the financial administration of the vessel,
and shall intrust the navigation to a person possessing the
qualifications required by said ordinances and regulations.
TRANSPORTATION LAWS
of folios it contains, signed by the maritime authority, and
in his absence by the competent authority.
In the first book, which shall be called "log book," he shall
enter day by day the condition of the atmosphere, the
prevailing winds, the courses taken, the rigging carried,
the power of the engines used in navigation, the distances
covered, the maneuvers executed, and other incidents of
navigation; he shall also enter the damage suffered by the
vessel in her hull, engines, rigging, and tackle, no matter
what its cause may be, as well as the impairment and
damage suffered by cargo, and the effect and importance
of the jettison, should there be any; and in cases of
serious decisions which require the advice or a meeting of
the officers of the vessel, or even of the crew and
passengers, he shall record the decisions adopted. For
the information indicated he shall make use of the
binnacle book and of the steam of engine book kept by the
engineer.
In the second book called the "accounting book," he shall
record all the amounts collected and paid for the account
of the vessel, entering specifically article by article, the
source of the collection and the amounts spent for
provisions, repairs, acquisitions of equipment or goods,
fuel, food, outfits, wages, and other expenses of whatever
nature they may be. He shall furthermore enter therein a
list of all the members of the crew, stating their domiciles,
their wages and salaries, and the amounts they may have
received on account, directly or by delivery to their
families.
In the third book, called "freight book," he shall record the
loading and discharge of all the goods, stating their marks
and packages, names of the shippers and of the
consignees, ports of loading and unloading, and the
freightage they give. In this same book he shall record the
names and places of sailing of the passengers, the
number of packages in their baggage, and the price of
passage.
4. Before receiving cargo, to make with the officers of the
crew and two experts, if required by the shippers and
passengers, an examination of the vessel, in order to
ascertain whether it is water-tight, with the rigging and
engines in good condition, and with the equipment
required for good navigation, preserving under his
responsibility a certificate of the memorandum of his
inspection, signed by all those who may have taken part
therein.
The experts shall be appointed, one by the captain of the
vessel and another by those who request its examination,
and in case of disagreement a third shall be appointed by
the marine authority of the port or by the authority,
exercising his functions.
TRANSPORTATION LAWS
11.To conduct himself according to the rules and precepts
contained in the instructions of the ship agent, being liable
for all that which he may do in violation thereof.
12.To inform the ship agent from the port at which the
vessel arrives, of the reason of his arrival taking
advantage of the semaphore, telegraph, mail, etc., as the
case may be; to notify him of the cargo he may have
received, stating the names and domiciles of the shippers,
freightage earned, and amounts borrowed on bottomry
loan; to advise him of his departure, and of any operation
and date which may be of interest to him.