Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Course Description
This course is an introduction to the field of international politics for graduate students. As
such, it bridges the typical subfields of comparative politics and international relations,
whose distinctions have eroded in recent years. We will cover major topics in both subfields,
but focus on integrating them into a common perspective (for me, the best framework for
doing so is the two-level game, originally described by Putnam 1988). This basically means
that we will examine the influence of domestic politics on international politics, and vice
versa. Doing so is somewhat controversial methodologically because it allows so many
moving parts into study simultaneously, but most political scientists would probably admit
that it is empirically inaccurate to examine foreign domestic and international politics
separately in the 21st century.
The disadvantage of covering both of these courses together is that there are a lot of classics
in political science that we will not read in this course. Rather than focus on such works, I
have chosen good overviews of a topic where appropriate, along with a selection of some of
the best recent work.
What are we as social scientists about? Before we can agree on whether we know anything
about international politics we have to get a handle on what constitutes social science, and
how we evaluate different theories of the world. Wight takes a big picture approach. The
1985 symposium provides a little bit of perspective here, so it’s fine just to skim. In the 20-
odd years since then, mainstream political science has converged around a multiple
methods approach, reflected in the Bennett and Braumoeller-Sartori readings. The Fearon-
Wendt piece is the odd fit here, but because the debate between quantitative and qualitative
methods is so tied in with the rational-choice vs. constructivism debate, it’s good to read
their piece in this context. What conflicts still exist between methodologies? Why do those
persist even when their tradeoffs are clearly identified?
No longer in vogue, systemic theories served as the basis for much theorizing in international
relations. Powell provides a game theoretic work on these foundational theories, which focus
on great power rivalry. What are the major rival theories about when great powers fight?
How does his formalization help clarify previous questions? Where does it fail? Kahler
presents an overview of where international relations has gone since leaving its fascination
with the interstate system, and that is to focus on the characteristics of states themselves.
Biersteker is my attempt to inject a bit more questioning of the big assumptions behind
much IR theory – states as undifferentiated units with common evolutionary origins. How
might allowing for the real history of state creation in the post-war era change these
theories?
Much of the ink spilled in theoretical debates in IR has covered the extent to which states are
willing to cooperate. Realists tended to argue that states rarely, if ever, change policy to
cooperate. Others, such as Axelrod and Stein here, believe that cooperation is not
uncommon and that realists had no way to explain it. Wendt is the leading proponent of
constructivism, which argues that anarchy alone does not determine states’ behavior, but
that it evolves in the relationships among states. Which of these camps is most persuasive,
and which (if any) should be jettisoned?
Sandler summarizes the findings of collective action theory for this debate. He calls
himself a realist, yet believes that cooperation is more likely in some instances than others.
The nice thing about his work is that he provides some very concrete answers to when
cooperation is most likely, but Chapter 10 points out some elements that are missing in the
collective action theory for state interactions. What are its strengths and weaknesses?
This week is really a follow-up to the theory of cooperation literature. Why do states choose
to cooperateand when they do, why are formal agreements and new organizations used
instead of alternate forms of cooperation? Chayes and Chayes are (ex?) lawyers, and tend to
believe that states do what they say and what they mean. Downs, Rocke, and Barsoom are
political scientists and are more skeptical about states’ willingness to cooperate in
meaningful ways. Lipson and Abbott and Snidal tackle the questions of when states
approach cooperation through different means. Fearon points out a wrinkle in the
theoretical argument of the cooperation literature more generally, and Koremenos is an
empirical piece that flows from this literature. So, why do states ever choose to delegate
power to an international organization?
Historically, most political scientists have searched for the causes of democratization in
domestic politics. Robinson’s Annual Review piece is a criticism of the entire set of empirical
tests, and as such should provoke the next set of innovations. The latest take on this
enormous literature is the Acemoglu and Robinson book, which includes a series of formal
(game theoretic) models that shed new light on the choice of regime, and transitions
between democracy and non-democracy. It has been widely praised in both economics and
political science, but it errs on the side of generality, and reduces democratization to its most
basic components. Even if you don’t have much background in modeling, try to understand
the building blocks of their approach. How does it differ from previous theories about
democratization? What new insights does it provide, and do those insights square with the
empirical evidence we’ve been accumulating for so long?
Searching for the roots of democratization in domestic politics after (or perhaps even during)
the Cold War is increasingly an incomplete strategy. This week’s authors all suggest external
reasons for democratization. Pevehouse’s work is the most well known here, but others are
new and worth considering. How do this week’s readings impact the completeness of the
Acemoglu and Robinson book?
“Institutionalism” is claimed by several different schools of thought. Hall & Taylor help sort
through those. Each of the others is a good example of one of those schools. Thelen is the
historical institutionalism representative; Greif and Laitin and Tsebelis the rational choice
institutionalism representatives. Pierson might fall into the former camp but does some
important bridge work. Sociological institutionalism doesn’t get as much attention in political
science, but it is an important source for Wendt and other constructivists (see Week Four).
Week Nine: Institutions Part II (Electoral Rules & Parties) – March 19, 2008
Blais, Andre, and Louis Masicotte. 1997. Electoral Formulas: A Macroscopic Perspective.
European Journal of Political Research 32(1): 107-29.
Stokes, Susan. 1999. Political Parties and Democracy. Annual Review of Political Science
2: 243-268.
Clarke, Harold and Marianne Stewart. 1998. The Decline of Parties in the Minds of Citizens.
Annual Review of Political Science 1: 357-78.
Cox, Gary. 1999. Electoral Rules and Electoral Coordination. Annual Review 2: 145-62.
Boix, Carles. 1999. Setting the Rules of the Game: the Choice of Electoral Systems in
Advanced Democracies. APSR 93(3) : 609-24.
Mozaffar, Shaheen, James R. Scarritt, and Glen Galaich. 2003. Electoral Institutions,
Ethnopolitical Cleavages, and Party Systems in Africa’s Emerging Democracies.
APSR 97(3): 379-2003.
* Manin, B., A. Przeworski & S. Stokes. 1999. “Elections & Representation.” In Democracy,
Accountability, and Representation. Manin, Przeworski, and Stokes, eds. Pages 30-
53.
The democratic peace might be the closest thing that international politics has to an
empirical law. Or it might not. This was a very hot debate throughout the 1990s, and
continues to receive attention. Ray is the overview, although you’ll get a bit of the in the
BdM2S2 article as well. Schultz tries to distinguish between two explanations for the
democratic peace. Rosato, a graduate student when this piece came out, provoked a lot of
backlash when he disputed the basic tenets of the theory. The backlash is here too. On
what do the proponents of democratic peace agree and disagree? What critiques are the
most persuasive to you?
Security-seeking states have two primary tools for achieving that goal. Internally, states that
have the industrial capacity can produce their own arms and armies. Externally, states can
allly with other states who have more or different arms production capabilities. Morrow
argues that these two choices are a tradeoff, and that states should systematically prefer
one or the other path depending on their willingness to sacrifice autonomy. Smith is a
watershed in the study of alliances, since he explains many of the prior findings in a coherent
Alt and his coauthors present an excellent overview of the trade literature. Hiscox takes up
their challenge and incorporates the two most prominent theories of trade policy preferences
into one theory and then proceeds to test it across countries. Note his research design and
data sources, which required some serous archival work. Does Hiscox solve the historic
tension between the two neoclassical models of trade?
Globalization has inspired a great deal of academic work. Finding a short sample of that
material is extremely difficult, but weeks twelve and fourteen cover topics that are often
synonymous with globalization. This week’s readings approaches the topic more generally
and provides an overview of globalizations causes and effects. Garrett summarizes the
factors behind the rise of globalization. Fischer, an economist and currently Governor of the
Bank of Israel, presents a typical view from his discipline. Evans writes from considerably
further left, where he tries to salvage state autonomy. What important research questions
remain in this literature? What do we actually know about economic globalization?
The final week’s readings combine two things: an overview of the multiple levels of analysis
approach (two-level games) and some applications of such an approach. Gourevitch is the
classic here, and he focuses exclusively on one type of causal pattern: when the international
system impacts domestic politics. Putnam’s piece is exclusively about international
bargaining, but the approach is being used to study other state interactions as well. Kayser
injects an interesting new take on the effects of globalization. The other pieces all deal with
the “room to maneuver” debate – how much freedom do states have to choose their own
policies (primarily monetary and fiscal) in light of capital’s ability to move about so freely?
Ruggie explains the political foundations of the Bretton Woods system. Hall & Soskice
introduce readers to the varieties of capitalism literature. Swank and Hays, Ehrlich and
Peinhardt show evidence that globalization is not changing the basic political-economic
tradeoffs regarding policy choices. Are these papers successful in simultaneously
incorporating multiple levels of analysis?
Grading Policy
Each student will write five short (4-6 pages) papers that summarize and reflect on the
week’s readings. The focus of these papers should be your reflections on the papers – I
already know what the authors say, so pick out the points that you want to highlight as
emblematic of the author’s work or contradicting other authors. The papers should have an
introduction and a conclusion, and are best modeled on book reviews in current political
science journals (e.g., Perspectives on Politics). Summaries integrated into a broader
framework with greater focus on reflection will receive higher grades. Papers longer than six
pages will not be graded and must be revised and resubmitted with a grade penalty. The
grade penalty will also apply to late papers (see next section) or those with unusual text sizes
or margin settings (double-spaced 10-12 point fonts, 1 or 1.25 inch margins are standard).
During the first class students will select four weeks’ readings about which they will write,
and all students will write a short paper on the readings for the methods readings (week
two).
No research paper is required in this course. As an introductory course, the goal is to focus
on the readings, and it may be useful at times to consult other sources mentioned in the
required readings. Grades will be based on both the papers (60%) and class participation
(40%). Class participation includes attendance, so please inform me of necessary absences.
Attendance is expected at all classes. Students who are unable to attend due to illness,
childcare commitments, deaths of loved ones, or any other legitimate reason, should contact
the professor prior to the class to receive an excused absence.
The University of Texas at Dallas administers student discipline within the procedures of recognized
and established due process. Procedures are defined and described in the Rules and Regulations,
Board of Regents, The University of Texas System, Part 1, Chapter VI, Section 3, and in Title V, Rules
on Student Services and Activities of the university’s Handbook of Operating Procedures. Copies of
these rules and regulations are available to students in the Office of the Dean of Students, where staff
members are available to assist students in interpreting the rules and regulations (SU 1.602,
972/883-6391).
A student at the university neither loses the rights nor escapes the responsibilities of citizenship. He
or she is expected to obey federal, state, and local laws as well as the Regents’ Rules, university
regulations, and administrative rules. Students are subject to discipline for violating the standards of
conduct whether such conduct takes place on or off campus, or whether civil or criminal penalties are
also imposed for such conduct.
Academic Integrity
The faculty expects from its students a high level of responsibility and academic honesty. Because the
value of an academic degree depends upon the absolute integrity of the work done by the student for
that degree, it is imperative that a student demonstrate a high standard of individual honor in his or
her scholastic work.
Scholastic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to, statements, acts or omissions related to
applications for enrollment or the award of a degree, and/or the submission as one’s own work or
material that is not one’s own. As a general rule, scholastic dishonesty involves one of the following
acts: cheating, plagiarism, collusion and/or falsifying academic records. Students suspected of
academic dishonesty are subject to disciplinary proceedings.
Plagiarism, especially from the web, from portions of papers for other classes, and from any other
source is unacceptable and will be dealt with under the university’s policy on plagiarism (see general
Email Use
The University of Texas at Dallas recognizes the value and efficiency of communication between
faculty/staff and students through electronic mail. At the same time, email raises some issues
concerning security and the identity of each individual in an email exchange. The university
encourages all official student email correspondence be sent only to a student’s U.T. Dallas email
address and that faculty and staff consider email from students official only if it originates from a UTD
student account. This allows the university to maintain a high degree of confidence in the identity of all
individual corresponding and the security of the transmitted information. UTD furnishes each student
with a free email account that is to be used in all communication with university personnel. The
Department of Information Resources at U.T. Dallas provides a method for students to have their U.T.
Dallas mail forwarded to other accounts.
In attempting to resolve any student grievance regarding grades, evaluations, or other fulfillments of
academic responsibility, it is the obligation of the student first to make a serious effort to resolve the
matter with the instructor, supervisor, administrator, or committee with whom the grievance originates
(hereafter called “the respondent”). Individual faculty members retain primary responsibility for
assigning grades and evaluations. If the matter cannot be resolved at that level, the grievance must
be submitted in writing to the respondent with a copy of the respondent’s School Dean. If the matter
is not resolved by the written response provided by the respondent, the student may submit a written
appeal to the School Dean. If the grievance is not resolved by the School Dean’s decision, the student
may make a written appeal to the Dean of Graduate or Undergraduate Education, and the deal will
appoint and convene an Academic Appeals Panel. The decision of the Academic Appeals Panel is
final. The results of the academic appeals process will be distributed to all involved parties.
Copies of these rules and regulations are available to students in the Office of the Dean of Students,
where staff members are available to assist students in interpreting the rules and regulations.
Disability Services
The goal of Disability Services is to provide students with disabilities educational opportunities equal
to those of their non-disabled peers. Disability Services is located in room 1.610 in the Student Union.
Office hours are Monday and Thursday, 8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.; Tuesday and Wednesday, 8:30 a.m. to
7:30 p.m.; and Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.
Essentially, the law requires that colleges and universities make those reasonable adjustments
necessary to eliminate discrimination on the basis of disability. For example, it may be necessary to
remove classroom prohibitions against tape recorders or animals (in the case of dog guides) for
students who are blind. Occasionally an assignment requirement may be substituted (for example, a
research paper versus an oral presentation for a student who is hearing impaired). Classes enrolled
students with mobility impairments may have to be rescheduled in accessible facilities. The college or
university may need to provide special services such as registration, note-taking, or mobility
assistance.
It is the student’s responsibility to notify his or her professors of the need for such an accommodation.
Disability Services provides students with letters to present to faculty members to verify that the
student has a disability and needs accommodations. Individuals requiring special accommodation
should contact the professor after class or during office hours.
The student is encouraged to notify the instructor or activity sponsor as soon as possible regarding the
absence, preferably in advance of the assignment. The student, so excused, will be allowed to take
the exam or complete the assignment within a reasonable time after the absence: a period equal to
the length of the absence, up to a maximum of one week. A student who notifies the instructor and
completes any missed exam or assignment may not be penalized for the absence. A student who fails
to complete the exam or assignment within the prescribed period may receive a failing grade for that
exam or assignment.
If a student or an instructor disagrees about the nature of the absence [i.e., for the purpose of
observing a religious holy day] or if there is similar disagreement about whether the student has been
given a reasonable time to complete any missed assignments or examinations, either the student or
the instructor may request a ruling from the chief executive officer of the institution, or his or her
designee. The chief executive officer or designee must take into account the legislative intent of TEC
51.911(b), and the student and instructor will abide by the decision of the chief executive officer or
designee.
These descriptions and timelines are subject to change at the discretion of the Professor.