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(b) Mole, in the context of this book, is taken in units of gram-mole. On this basis, how many atoms are
there in a pound-mole of a substance?
Solution
(a) In order to determine the number of grams in one amu of material, appropriate manipulation of the
amu/atom, g/mol, and atom/mol relationships is all that is necessary, as
1 g / mol
1 mol
# g/amu =
23
6.02 10 atoms 1 amu /atom
2.3 Allowed values for the quantum numbers of electrons are as follows:
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n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
l = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , n 1
ml = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , l
ms =
1
2
The relationships between n and the shell designations are noted in Table 2.1. Relative to the subshells,
l =0 corresponds to an s subshell
l = 1 corresponds to a p subshell
l = 2 corresponds to a d subshell
l = 3 corresponds to an f subshell
For the K shell, the four quantum numbers for each of the two electrons in the 1s state, in the order of
1
nlmlms, are 100( ) and 100( ). Write the four quantum numbers for all of the electrons in the L and M
shells, and note which correspond to the s, p, and d subshells.
Solution
For the L state, n = 2, and eight electron states are possible. Possible l values are 0 and 1, while possible
1
ml values are 0 and 1; and possible ms values are . Therefore, for the s states, the quantum
2
1
1
1
1
1
numbers are 200 ( ) and 200 ( ) . For the p states, the quantum numbers are 210 ( ) , 210 ( ) , 211 ( ) ,
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
211 ( ) , 21(1)( ) , and 21(1)( ) .
2
2
2
2; possible
m values are
For
the M state,
n = 3, and 18 states are possible. Possible l values are0, 1, and
l
1
0,1, and 2;
and possible ms values are . Therefore, for the s states, the quantum numbers are
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
300 ( ) , 300 ( ) , for the p states they are 310 ( ) , 310 ( ) , 311 ( ) , 311 ( ) , 31(1)( ) , and
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
31(1)( ) ; for the d states they are 320 ( ) , 320 ( ) , 321 ( ) , 321 ( ) , 32 (1)( ) , 32 (1) ( ) ,
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
322
( ) .
( ) , 322 ( ) , 32 (2)( ) , and 32 (2)
2
2
2
2
2.4 Give the electron configurations for the following ions: P5+, P3, and Ni2+.
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students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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Solution
The electron configurations for the ions are determined using Table 2.2.
P5+: From Table 2.2, the electron configuration for at atom of phosphorus is 1s22s22p63s23p3. In order
to become an ion with a plus five charge, it must lose five electronsin this case the 3s and 3p electrons.
Thus, the electron configuration for a P5+ ion is 1s22s22p6.
P3-: From Table 2.2, the electron configuration for at atom of phosphorus is 1s22s22p63s23p3. In order
to become an ion with a minus three charge, it must acquire three electrons, which in this case will be
added to and fill the 3p subshell. Thus, the electron configuration for a P3- ion is 1s22s22p63s23p6.
Ni2+: From Table 2.2, the electron configuration for at atom of nickel is 1s22s22p63s23p63d84s2. In
order to become an ion with a plus two charge, it must lose two electronsin this case the 4s electrons.
Thus, the electron configuration for an Ni2+ ion is 1s22s22p63s23p63d8.
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to
students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted
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