Diapositiva 1

PROCESO DE FORMACION DEL CRUDO

DE PETROLEO

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Diapositiva 2

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Diapositiva 3

LOS CRUDOS DEL PETROLEO

CARACTERIZACION Y CLASIFICACION
Fracciones destilables
Contenido de asfalto
141.5
Grado API =

- 131.5

P.E

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Diapositiva 4

BOSCAN

ARABIAN

NIGERIA

VENEZUELA

HEAVY

LIGHT

API Degrees

10.1

28.2

38.1

SP Gravity

0.999

0.886

0.834

8.4

2.8

0.2

% Sulfur
Gasolina
Kerosene
Lt. Gas Oil

10

Hv. Gas Oil

16

26
28
Bitumen
residuum

30
58

27

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Diapositiva 5

CLASIFICACION DE LOS
CRUDOS

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Diapositiva 6

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Diapositiva 7

LOS ASFALTOS LIQUIDOS

Es una forma de fluidificar un cemento
asfltico con el fin de manejarlo a
temperaturas mas bajas.
Se denominan: cut-back, asfaltos rebajados
o cortados: Asfalto lquido industrial
Estn conformados por un cemento asfltico
+ un solvente (gasolina, kerosene, aceite)
En los crudos pesados los solventes son de
diferentes grados de volatilizacin-

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Diapositiva 8

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Diapositiva 9

HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO

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Diapositiva 10

HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO

10

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Diapositiva 11

PROCESO DE CURADO
Solvente

Asfalto lquido

agregado

Evaporacin

Asfalto residual

Aplicado el asfalto lquido, los solventes

inician su proceso de volatilizacin.
Su duracin depende del tipo de solvente
Finalizado el proceso de curado queda el
ligante asfltico rodeando la partcula de
agregado (Asfalto residual).
El asfalto residual tiene las mismas
caractersticas que el cemento asfltico
utilizado para su fabricacin.

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Diapositiva 12

CLASIFICACION
De acuerdo a la velocidad de volatilizacin:
Curado Rpido RC (rapid curing): gasolina
Curado medio
kerosene

MC

(medium

curing):

Curado lento SC (slow curing): aceites

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Diapositiva 13

CARACTERIZACION FISICA
Velocidad de curado: Destilacin
Manejabilidad: Viscosidad a 60 oC

Seguridad en la operacin: Punto de llama y

contenido de agua
Caractersticas del asfalto residual:
penetracin, punto ablandamiento, viscosidad a
60 oC, etc

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Diapositiva 14

SEGURIDAD EN LA OPERACIN
PUNTO DE LLAMA

CONTENIDO DE
AGUA

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Diapositiva 15

METODOS TRADICIONALES DE
EVALUACION A TEMPERATURAS DE
MANEJO
VISCOSIDAD SAYBOLT

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Diapositiva 16

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Diapositiva 17

HUGO LEON ARENAS LOZANO

17

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Diapositiva 18

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Diapositiva 19

CURVA DE DESTILACION

% Destilado

100
80
60
40
20
0
0

100

200

300

400

Temperatura oC

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Diapositiva 20

NOMENCLATURA
Se designan con las letras RC, MC, SC que
indican el tipo de solvente que se utiliz para

su fabricacin y la velocidad de volatilizacin de

los solventes, seguida de un nmero que indica
la viscosidad del ligante a 60 oC, en centistokes.
RC-250
MC-70

SC- 250

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