A

GUIDE

TO

FORT

GOLCONDA

AND

By
Sha Rocco

Illustrated and
GOVERNMENT

Bound
CENTRAL

at

the

PRESS

Hyderabad-Deccan

TOMBS

PREFACE
This

is

little book

about

scattered
aim

at

in

what

the

past ?
In

course

if

"

attempting

who

raised

who

lost

it, I

is

dull

the

best

of

the

somewhat

not
tell

readers
I

no

; and

that

Mr.

all the
of

will

of

living I
and

and

Haidarabad,
assistance.

with

A., M,
from
His

would

Haig

will

like to add

presentation.

plundering.
"

we

are

remark

To

all heirs
that

reparation

great pleasure, my
B. A.
whom

balanced

valuable.
particularly

chaff
to
"

book

cannot

are

many,

know

that
I

how

I claim

plundered

the

dead

of the

"

in

us.

if anyone

securely identifyhis
what

all

over

popular

They

lay

tried, to

Indeed,

material.

worth

will

gladly make

Macau

down
"

Quli

I Hasan

I have

come

be

to

I would

required,for

M.

have

ttriggsand

of form

anything
is

that

my

to them.
that

Abu

true

time

same

references.

of

works

the

to the

G, Yazdani,

Has been

the

with

it

the

welter

Sultan

distinguish essentials from

sources

acknowledge,

unstinted

who
for in

of the

luckless

follow

it is intended

burdened

aggrieved

property, I
I

"

stand

account

the

to

records
conflicting

I found

himself

do

more

question

interestingand passing

At

ability,to

my

acknowledgment
ages

the

not

to

much

"

stout-hearted

to

is

what

irrelevant.

or

of the

endeavoured

save
originality,

"

does

been

did Qolconda

what

Qolconda,

at

indebted

am

wherever

and

conversation

is

which

object has

connected

time

the

have

Remembering

much

and

present a

dwelling on

that

but

to

his throne

of

myself

papers,

Usually put

one

any

effort from

have

and

pendious
com-

"

of human

information

My

in

in

-j

of Golconda,

kings

method

do

might

one

the

teresting
in-

very

CT

of
briefly,
the

books

of reference.

were

of

number

serving purposes

writing

in

portions of

essential

the

way

together,

brings

merely

It

subject,

of

sketch

imperfect

an

no

past
feels
"

original

can.

indebtedness

to

S., Superintendentof Archaeology,

I

have

judgment

always received
in several instances

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

of

History

the

Shah

Qutb

Dynasty
i
...

The

Fort
45
...

...
...

The

Tombs
48
..-

...
.,.

Plan

of

the

Tombs,

ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate

To

Title

No.

face
page

Golconda

Mosque

Muhammad

Frontispiece

Quli

Shah

Qutb

..12
.

II

Abdullah

Abul

Golconda

28

Fort:

General

Golconda

VI

Path

Fort:

36
.

Tomb

Tomb

38
.

Tombs:

of

Jamshib

of

Muhammad

Fortifications

46

General

view

Quli

48

Shah

Qutb

50
.

44

Fort:

Golconda

IX

Darwaza

Golconda

VIII

Citadel

VII

view.
.

Shah
.

IV

..16

Tana

Hasan

Shah

Qutb

..

III

Quli

Qutb

Shah.

52
.

HISTORY

Dr.

When
the

island

their

past, the distant

advances

has

there

time

the aesthetic

by",

spending

to

are

to

by

the

of

most
the

of former

student

of

of

an

mental

our

own

space has
the same

nod

keeping
hurry

and

mere

upon

offered

are

Indeed, amid

the

it is difficult for
Hemmed

age
freedom

the

character

Johnson's

at

and

men.

of

present,

of

in

we

physical force,
brood

to

reward

over

fresh

of

knowledge

which

as

the

diligent

times.

monuments

Now,

and

appropriate as

revelations

glance and

circumstance

minds

the

in

But

reflection.

necessities

leisure

lack

and

past

the

makes

Philistinism,

time

and

Whatever

whatever

energy
opportunities that

the

actual

on

militant

us

facts and

lay hold

past

of

We

of

observation

variety

and

hurry
the

neglecting

for wider

us

wrote,

for travel.

dominant

great deal

and

movement

facilities

a
up
sentiments.

"

distant

the

of

associations

predominate over
beings." Since

smaller

grown

down

he

senses,

our

of human

grown

through

familiar

become

dignity

has

world

the

day

or

in the

us

of
power
the future

the

and

him

DYNASTY.

sacred

lona, the

spellupon

from

us

SHAH

QUTB

visited

Johnson

cast

withdraws
the

fHE

OF

natural

"

artificial

or

national

embody

"

the past real, stirringgenerous

emotion
They make
without
artifice or
effort. They
arousing vivid interest

memories.
and
are

famous

that

idea

and

the

the
the

and

is

the

most

civilizations

it

real

more

any
us,

Antony,

Mark

study

persons
where
the

the

and

thought

of

Louis

and

and

of

of other

dim

things

the past is
faithfully,

vestige

sense

lias its

own

not

certain
have

left

is visible

man

forced

past
We

us
upon
placebeside

may

on

gaze

who

men

Herodotus, Alexander

Napoleon Bonaparte

visitors

apathetic
sight of the Sphinx.
at least

with

world-famous

the

like Moses

men

St.

the

spontaneous.

of

bring

dreams

Each

hand

forget

may

events

or

change, is

without

wiriosityby
been

associated

are

those

; but

them

at it before

and

if

struggle,development,
effort of the imagination to give

Nile

even

events

or

We

scenery.

of

present

looked

effect than

landscape

behind

trace

the

their

persons

of

features
no

of

sure

more

will
Such

of vast

be

startled

relics of

changes

that may
be.
For
incubus
but
an

lesson, perhaps

have

those
an

into

ancient

that

of wise

; but

who

tion.
inspira-

policy.

of

oftentimes

there

albeit

natural

only

many
with
no

has been

India

and

poetry
and

yet

Occident

is

neither

is

When

two

from

mantle
of

mantle

her

temples,halls

to

that

story

through

face to

cast

Breed

the

over
"

novelty.

nor

face,

cannot

we

But

Birth,

nor

though they

come

Earth."

and

written

is to be found

and
fortifications,
from

came

world.

the

Border

West,

stand

men

of the

and

history.
tion,
inspira-

an

that

has

Orient

the

been

elusive

so

of

dawn

have

mystery

which

story of India

The

and

nor

should

times

the

since

perpetual freshness

East

strong

the ends

West

spiritof India is

The

it.

embody
there

the

It is

days.

to the

tales of art

ment,
encourageof the present

we

modern

of

taste

former

known

and

valour

disease of criticism.

mere

altered

of

crudities

questionthe
Her

the

that

of

things which

are

criticise arid

must

frequently

honour,

It is the

irony

that

name

fate that

of

of

stones

gallant contribution

Golconda,

the

in

onc^

rang

of

we

today

the present. But

behind
respects, centuries
many
been
little change in central ideas, the things
has
very

in

are,

there

reallymatter

that

is

there

only

greater hesitancy in fixing

the circumference.

dates

Qolconda

from

It is

of warfare.

the centuries

of the many
hill fortresses in India that sprang
up
the wives, treasures
and faithful followers of various
but it is the most
castle ruin
small

impressiveof

in the world
of

corner

The

road
We

Golconda

to

the

great game

the

dead

those
"

level

Jewels
led

himself

of

at
saw

jewels

them

found

away

of

race

the

of

the

life in which
the

It

that

to their

stickingin

and

Arabian

and

throw

lumps
and

nests, in which

ruin,

its former
and

often

played

riot descend

would

is

full of

are

its

would
if Arab

of meat

to

of

one

romance.

consonants."

Nights ;

place where,

the kites

the meat.

names

mere

Harim-al-Raschid

is the

merchants

in order

largest
fit into

who

kings

flash in its very

Emperors
out

ease.

of
memory
the ambitious

the

of

stage

silence

to

stout-hearted

world's

of which

come

road

satisfactorymediocrity. Golconda

of great
have

might
have

Sinbad

of

recall

something

the

on

great towns

would

Warwick

or

the

is

left to

see

can

efforts of the

happy

Perhaps

Kenilworth

potentates,

it is the

it.

Still,enough has been

greatness.

all.

one

to shelter

It

kings could
have
tales be

into the

found

true,

valley

eaglesmight presentlybear
afterwards
great jewelswere

Marco
Rudrarna

Devi

Sinbad's

story of

Golconda
gems;

well

as

they

Nicolo

the

as

the

banks

those

large

the

great

In

truth

regions.

Vijoynagar in

at

found

were

Albenigaras, and

the

on

all carried

wtis

diamonds

that

other
to

the world,"

Italian, who

Apparently

those

were

of

treasures

and

the diamonds

largestpearls, are

an

called

Sinbad.

of

kings and princesof

Conti,

ha

which

flower

the

A. D., stated

1421

or

"

all the

possess

Queen

mentioned
A. D., and
Warangal in 1292
the eaglesand jointsof mutton% Writing of

the

as

other

and

Koos

visited

he

of

said,

he

this district when

described

Polo

brought

mines

river.

mountain

the

story of

he

referred

which

to

of the Kistna

on

in

1420

They

known

were

of Golconda.

mines

is

There

but

A. D
year 1364
least as
old as

historyof Golconda

recorded

no

citadel indicate

of the

traces

previous to the
that

it is

dates

which

from

Warangal,
century. Probably Golconda
Hindu
princesbefore
originallya small mud fort under some
fell under
of the Warangal rajas.
the sway
middle

of

The

the

of

rajas of Warangal

in

the

A. D.

they became
first king of the

The

to power.

of

vassals

were

were

"

A. D.

1100

In

1321

retaken

in the

who

Firoz
the

the

line

to have

seems

A. 1).

His

Hindus.

Warangal

from

the

king,Mahmud
promptly marched

glad to

known

for
The

time

Bahmani

nominally
1437

come

and

Warangal

until

broke

Shah.
on

The

Shah

Bahmani,

Shah,

in 1347.

latter

Warangal, and

heard

and

after whom

to

wrote

against
of

Kanhayya

fortress

was

to the

Bahman

Emperor

by ceding the

to terms

to Mahmud

Golconda

caused

raja of Warangal, Kanhayya Naik,

Emperor of Delhi, suggesting a campaign

Bahmani

tured
cap-

Tugh-

manner,

and

Ala-ud-Diri

Delhi

was

of Delhi.

eventually led

enormities

dynasty by

Deccan

1343-4

ascended

the

1363

Shah,

plot and

in

provincesin

of the Eahmani

wrested
In

was

the

by

formation

Decca/n

it

ing
Ptolemy, accordline of Kakatya
a
kings.
Chalukya dynasty, but in
independentand gradually

Bin Tughlaq, the Emperor

by Muhammad
laq'svisionaryschemes, pursued in an irrational
revolt

was

of

the Korunkula

"

Cunningham

eighth century
throne

the

thirteenth

the

Originallythey
rose

fort

the

to General

the

at

the

Naik

district

Golconda

of
was

Mahomednagar.

as

dynasty
It

1526.
up

by

which

reached

thus
the

its discordant

arose

zenith
elements

in

1347
of

its

between

lasted
power

J490

and

of

put

1526.

its

the Deccan

dynastiesof

of Bcrar

Shahs

Nizam

Ahmcdnagar
Bijapur

of Golconda

For

century and

Mogul times, was

increased

was

1492"1609

Talikot

arid in 1687
and

downfall

number

named

dynasty,
lineallydescended

carried

he

safety,and
king

was

in

In the

in

joined

carried him

reignof

not

of the

iluencc

interests he had
In the

personalname
word

The

ladies
served

king

rents

Sultan
of
so

of

the

was

Certain

Qava

Quviulu
Hauia-

grandson

of Mir/a

his

the

country

for

of

the

middle

bodyguard

of the

post of

importance as

some

the

Bahmani

Accountant-

appointed

faithful

discharge

prominence.

III Lashkari

(1463

"

1482

dynasty, trouble
never
were
paid regularlyand
Quli, possibly through the inthe

Bahmani

Imperial Harem,

well, was

sent

to

who.se

pacify

of the first Golconda

King Sultan is not a
"
Sultan Quli, which
servant of the
signifies
meaning servant or slave.

case

Khan,

near

leave

to

into

Shall

conda
Gol-

authenticated.

was

forward

Mahomed

at all.

about

the

Noah.

Saidabad

Telinganaf, and

Telingana, where

sometimes

Turki

had

Deccan

the

lands in

D.), the thirteenth

he

of

of the

Oghaz

to

son

was

this is not

youth

back

from

he

of the

the ladies held

arose

hailed

is said that

arrived

duties

tale of

Quli Qutb

founder

family of

ancient

Gulbarga. Later he
Imperial Harem,

at

General

of his

Malik, the

an

and

century and

fifteenth

from

It

historians, Sultan*

pedigree
Japheth, the

of Persia, but
he

When

mournful

anticipating.

are

his

from

sprang

Shah,

Jehan

A.

Bara

of the sect of AH
in Persia.

dan

infinite and

we

oriental

some

Shah, sometimes

Turks

But

King,

According to

it is that

of

to the

perished.

First

in pro-

Vijoynagar at the battle of

the heightof its splendour about
1611
by Aurangxeb to the Mogul Empire,

annexed

was

cities that have

The

the

another

added

Golconda, founded
three-quarters

reached

in 1565,

(1518 ?)" 1687

importantdynasticcapital.The kingdom

an

by

1512

1663

"

1490"1686

...

...

Qutb Shahs

"

1490

...

of Bidar

Shahs

Band

...1490"1527

of
of

Adi 1 Shahs

Shahi

famous

five

the

formed, namely

were

Shahs

Imad

fragments

financial

the

country

royal title

King

''

as

His

Quli is
t

I
country where
Telegu is spoken, extending down from Ganjarn in the
north to Pulicat in the south,and from the east coast to Kurnool on the west.

and

it of the robbers

clear

expectationsand
or

who

nobles

henceforth

Advancement

His

and
successor
Bahmani, son
to the throne, Sultan
III Lastikari, came

enough

made

was

Telingana.

in

Amirs

Shah

Mahmud

Shah

fortunate

tliis he

lands

beyond

the

secure.

after

Muhammad

succeeded

it. He

powerful friends among

many

held

was

Soon

was

won

infested

who

ul-Mulk, and

to

received

country.

The

troublous

times

dismembered,

on

king's life

the

Malik

the

was

Bahmani

the

it continued

although

For

Qutbsurrounding
probably in the

and

jagir Golconda

Quli

assassination.

title of Ghazi

the

when

1490,

from

king

with

his

as

attempt
of

save

Amir

an

the

of

empire was being

for
ingloriousexistence

an

thirty-six years,
In

of Amir-ul-Umra
and

in

of
governor
Golconda.
at

appointed

was

headquarters were
rule extended
and

awarded
Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk was
recognition of his gallantry in

Sultan

1495

to the

the

coast, with

eastern

title
field

the

district.

Telingana
time

At- that

the

His

the

governor's
Masulipatam

at

ports

tCocanada.
Sultan

Quli

also

loyal.

When

and

Yusuf

Aclil

was

Fathullah
Shah

considerable

Imad

threw

Shah,

oft' their

ability. He

lord
over-

houses

their

established

was

Shah

Nizam

Ahmed

allegianceto their

and

king, in 1490,

Bahmani

the

of

man

Bijapur respectively,Sultan Quli

faithful to his monarch.
remained
History tells us that it was
the
when
Bahmani's
in
Shah
1512,
imbecility of Mahmud
the
that
Sultan Quli came
world,
government was
apparent to
at

Berar,

Mr.

of

throne

to the

Golconda

the

with

of

title

Shah.

Qutb

Masjid

Superintendent of Archaeology,Haidarabad,
in the
date, because
inscriptionof the Jami

did

Golconda,

at

which

appropriate

not

built

was

the

royal

by

Sultan

in

Quli

assumed

He

that

i^peating
of the

independence

stone.

Sultan
a

as

local

earlier

De

chiefs.

fort

visited

who

Thevenot,

Quli gave the

legend which

Hindu

Quii Qutb
mud

the

arose

by

ruling
Shah

Then

He

in

is

in connection

placewhere

the

conda.
of Gol-

substantial

Golconda

fort its name.

The

Shah

and

to,
hither-

the latter died in 1518.

Sultan

already replaced

had

fortress of

says

benefactor, until

his

Bahmani,

1518,

for himself

title Shah

Mahmud
Shah
Bahmani
the
as
distinctly mentioned
This
monarch.
has been overlooked
inscription,which
that
Sultan
indicates
Quli was
loyal to Mahmud
he

But

Yazdani, the

questionsthis
he

and

Ahmednagar

1666,

probably
with

one

fort stands,

king by

guided

who
shepherd,

through a wood, and the king called it Golconda,

tfieTelegu word for shepherd.

Golcar

from

to the

out
painted

he says, was
to it
him

Quli's first campaign as king was againstKrishna

in battle
Raya of Vijeynagar. He defeated the Hindus
Pangal, captured the forts at Ghanpura and Kovilkonda

Sultan
Deva
near

laid

retaliation

this

by

considerable

with

returned

and

the victor'sdominions.

of
portions

waste

tified
For-

Adil
against'Ismail

Quli marched

Sultan

success,

in

Hindus

The

plunder.

engagement received a sword cut

the face which
disfiguredhim for life,partof his nose and
on
He overpowered the Bijapur forces near
cheek being cut away.
and
and other
Kovilkonda
subsequently took Medak, Kaulas

Bijapurand during an

of

Shah

forts from

Shah, king of Bidar.

the Barid

The

chiefs

Hindu

of

Teliugana, whom

Sultan

Quli had

he was
subdued
when
king
partially
governor, afforded the new
of
and
his army
his
Indeed,
occupation.
during
longplenty
in almost

reignthe king was

na

Hindus.

And
A

country.
where

the Hindus

Quli to

add

He

defeated.

were

This

the districts of Ellore and

of

ith the

the

Telingaof

king

Orissa,

to do battle for their

place at Palinchinur,
victory enabled Sultan

Bezwada

expelledQivam-ul-Mulk,

also

rc

into conflict with

came

a
great Hindu host assembled
decisive
engagement took

whom

under

he

ceaseless warfare

to his territories,

Turk,

who

had

been

Eastern

Telingana by the Bahmani

king. Masulipatam, too, fell to him not long after it had been
conquered by the Carnatic king, Krishna
Raya. Masulipatam

appointedgovernor

has

interest for us, because of its connection

with the
of
fact
and
because
the
until
the
that,
kings
cyclone

twofold

Golconda
of 1864,

romantic

of

memorial
of

evening promenade

their

the

early settlers
It

successors.

shaded

known

was

"

Eliza's Tree," after Sterne's

correspondent Eliza, who
solaced an
uncongenial marriage with Daniel
Draper
sentimental

with the author

correspondence

It has

been

bigoted in

his

adopt a
The

more

the

Bhima,

which

He
of the

tolerant

boundary of

Quli became
along the bank

of Tristram

Quli being a

may
Hindu

have

strict

been, but

as

there

by

Shandy.
Shia,

was

certainlythe

rajasdid not encourage

him

policy.

the

Golconda

king, appears
of the Kistna

thence

formed

that Sultan

wars.

attitude

ungenerous
to

said

the

kingdom,
have

(o

touched

when
the

Sultan
south

river

far as its junction with

as
the
line
of
hills to the south-west
following

the frontier of the

B'idarregion. As the result of

and successful

his constant

towards

and

north, and

in the

Godavery

the

in the

the

of

borders

to the

east

of

the

Orissa
the

Simultaneously, however,
gradually spreading eastward

coast.

east

kingdom

Vijeynagar

his

extended

rajas he

mamet

Kham-

Vijeynagarand
to the Jbank
dominions

with

wars

was

Sultan

eventually greatly curtailed

and
with

Quli's communications

the sea-shore.

palaces and
the

mosque,

in his 99th

was

surviving

second

he

was

the

4th

capital with mosques,

praying in the principal

September 1543,

murdered

was

eldest, Haidar

the

at

There

Jamshed.

son,

The

Jamshed.

than

he

year,

fortress

his

Quli beautified
gardens. While
Jami
Masjid,on

Sultan

Khan,

blinded

king. Jamshed

next

intended

that Jamshed
for

In

revenge
Mahomed

Ferishta

Hamidani,

says

he

while

incarceration

his

that

had

the

as

ing
Quli fear-

him

imprisoned.
instigated Mir
Golconda, to kill the king.

of
the

was

examining

was

Quli's

Jamshed

the governor
slave

Sultan

and

kill his brother

to

in Sultan

been nominated

Khutb-ud-din,

his

older

brothers

died

lifetime and the second, Khutb-ud-ctin,had

he

instigationof
two

were

when

tool and

jewels.

some

stabbed
The

the

king

difference

is

unimportant.
Quli reigned for 48

Sultan
and

25

he

mentioned
was

of

king

as

had

his father

in 1543.

younger

brother

Telingana
by the king, Ali
them

waged

and

Ibrahim,

was

already
and

Ibrahim,

of

and

the

and

force

great Rama

and

of the

of his

Barid

his

save

stood

in

He

marched

Ali

Raya

accession

knew

for

Ibrahim

was

king

of

Bidar

and

to

the

of

received,

opinion

arose

of Ibrahim's

some

shelter

at

sevren

miles

Bidar
of the

Immediately Jamshed
It

forced

capital.
great danger from

of

one

Barid, king of

Bidar.

own

his

reigning.

was

coming.
on

seize

to

of

was

within

was

of

well

found

Ali

the death

try

governor

fled to Bidar

property,

collected

intentions

governor

rebelled

on

to

was

difference
a
; but later
because
Ali
Barid
seized

Jamshed

Golconda

throne

Barid

Sort before

counterstroke,
(3olconda to

as
sons

daughters.

the

who

againstGolconda.
a

three

Karim, who
Prince," and
four

ascended

after Jamshed's

war

Mad
had

He

Ibrahim

Vijeynagar,where
Soon

"

years

the

of his first acts

One

forts.

elephants

Abdul

23

King.

Qutb Shah

Jamshed

between

the

later.

Second

The

others

Khan,

shall hear

we

Golconda.

three

killed, Daulat

whom

years,
Beside

was

withdraw

to
As
the

effective

an

from
of

matter

avowedly

reduce

that

fact

hostile

monarch

Jamshed

made
scheme

the

into

wipe
Bidar

when

Adil Shah

for

Adil

Ibrahim

The

Kingdom.
complete,but what
his

over

Sholapur,
forces

for

and

the

latter

replacedAli
in

Jamshed

on

the

his side- if he

on

and

Shah

Adil

ruler

warlike

sagacity.

his

with

Barid

in

this

when

Jamshed
from

throne

way

went

to

he

which

had

This
closed, for a. time,
deposing him.
Bijapur and Ahmednagar by restoring the

was

of considerable
custom

Shah, which

frustrate

bellum.

ante

quo

was

nance
predomi-

some

Nizam

agreed to come
king, Ali l"urid

helping Ibrahim

of

quarrel between

status

time,

him

gave

Bidar

of checkmate.

move

Burhan
to

Bidar

the

instrumental

been

Shah

of

king

clever

and

The

help.

done, instead
Bidar

the

attempted
by attacking
Ibrahim
Adil
Shah.
As both
to
belonged
fairlymatched, Ibrahim
Qutb
appealed to Jamshed

release

would

ally

Adil

the

made

placethat

were

Shall

for

was

ed
king, approachhim a prisoner.
portion of the

southern

discomfiture of

followed

resented

latter

latter
the

Qandhar, the

fort of

the

Barid, the Bidar

annexed

of Ibrahim

annexations

the

Ali

Adil

carried

help, the

Shah

Bidar

The

Shah

and
stronghold,

Ibrahim
Then

Nizam

Burhan

out.

of

Shah

Bijapur and
18hah
of Ahmednagar.
They entered heartily
for they, too, had some
scores
against Bidar to

Nizam

Burhan

to Ibrahim

overtures

as

conflicts

bore a part
During his reign
of
the kings
between
Ahmednagar, Bidar and
to espouse
diplomacy invariablyguiding him
also a poet.
winning side. He was

seen,

than

more

between

he

Deccan.

have

we

interfered far

He
in

successors

and,

the

in

the

was

sultans

various

of

quarrels

Bijapur,his
the

man

clever
of

cause

the

stricken
with
was
years before he died Jamshed
Gradually he gave himself up to the pleasures of the
cancer.
into gross
table and eventually sank
debauchery, possibly to
He
his
affliction.
of violent
of
the
was
a
man
deaden
pain
About

two

the

passions at
of

trivial offences.

nearly seven

When
on

of

the

died

early

died his

as

Subhan

in

history is

as

where

he

was

son,

for

flamed
in-

reign

the

A, D., after

1550

so

most

reigning

premature

buried.

old, was
placed
years
His exit from
Shah.
ths

seven

Quli Qutb

being on the throne for about

knowledge completely. His
known

maximum

reign was
penalty

malady
reallya

King.

Jamshed

the throne

arena

He

fearful

years.

Third

The

paid

Many

terror.

his

at its close his

that

his temper

times, and

of

best

as

his entrance

six months
death

he

is not

into it.

passes

out

recorded,

nor

After
of

ouf
is 'it

10
too small
had

by

leave

to

with

him, and

Jugdco

and

he

compliments of the king. Accompanied

his
passed through Golconda
territoiyon

Vijeynagar,
layingwaste
Khan
was
deputed by

to
way
Mustafa

visions

the

party he

small

inflated
Jagdeo'Rai's

to accommodate

Kai, defeated

all the
Ibrahim

at

his

on
villages

Qutb

Shah

attack

to

found

KluHinnamct,

march.

at

asylum

Vijcynagar.
It will be

remembered

which

that

Masulipatam, a port
early British commercial

prise,
enterplayed an important part in
In 1557 Masulipatam
belonged to the king of Golconda.*
of SiddhirajaTimmappa,
passed temporarily into the hands

of

governor

Komkipali,

Qutb Shah joinedHusain Nizam Shah I

Ahmednagcir againstthe latter's inveterate foe, the king of
I.
Bijapur,Ali Adil Shah
equilibrium by
J3ijapur restored
In

Ibrahim

1558

of

securing the
mediation

of Rama

declaration

welcomed
at

alliance

such

Gulburga

Shah, he

Raya

of peace

Rama

of

and

Ibrahim

between

Ah

Vijeynagar;

Qutb

settlement,for
the greater powers

saw

unwilling to assist in

I
joined the coalition of Ali Adil Shah
Raya of VijeynageiragainstMusaiii Ni/am

tumultuous

siegeof

When

energy!

forces without

the

consultinghis

After the

Ibrahim

war

begging alliance
Nixam

Ahmedmigar

of

Nizam

Husain

and

Shah
Those

was

present
days of

were

broke

up
to Golconda.

his

Shah

Ni/am

to Husain

the latter'sdaughter, Bibi Jumali.

with

Rama

Bijapur and

returned

envoy

Shah

Qutb

Ibrahim

place fell Ibrahim

an

Bijapur. Ibrahim
when
he met his ally

of

in 1560.

allies and

sent

resulted in

Shah

increasingit.

from political
Subsequently,
motives,

at the

the

and

and

mednagar

amicable

an

and

was

of

Ray a

Husain

prospectiveson-in-law should
unite with him to dispossess
his enemy,
the king of Bijapur,ot
the fort of Kaliany. Ibrahim acceptedthe condition and
near
the
Then
celebrated,
Kaliany the nuptialswere
siege,
began
but it was
raised as the
formed
a
soon
strong
Bijapur king
alliance with the
and Husain
Icingsof Bidar and Vijeynagar,
Nixarn Shah was
pursued to Ahmednagar. Ibrahim sued for and
Shah's

obtained

terms

peace

from

were

the allies.

had always
Vijeynagar
on

but contrived

the

been

opposite sides
to bring about

pective allies.

But

since

and

the

raja of
friendly,When they joinedother
fought themselves
they never

Now, relations between

parties

his

that

the

Shah

Qutb

reconciliation
advent

*C/.pagc6.

of

between

Jagdeo

Rai

their
at

res*

Yijey-

11

of

pressure

eful
conduct,
ungra
be held
to
fairly,it must

not

was
Vijeynagar
Raya of
brother
hostilityby deputing his

the

Rama
Rai

invade

to

situation

The
Golconda

forts

was

Jagdeo

Rai

became

disloyal. On

supported by

was

regained his capital.

Ibrahim

who

Hindus

With

on

away

had

Vijeynagar
the growth

serious,not

only

after

only

was

ordered

siege

that

of all the

massacre

rebelled.
at

time

that

was

of its power
in
Golconda

to

Sultans

Mahomedan

He

Golconda

garrison of

the

chief

late

their

Vijeynagar, they
Ibrahim
Qutb Shah

while

excursion

hunting
rebelled and closed the gates,and it

was

and

of

ruler

occasion

one

his

show

to

Jagdeo
territory.
garrisons in the

an"3.when

the

that

Ibrahim's

the

Naikwaris,

were

credit

his

first

of

All

grave.

often

as" it has

Venkatareddy,

border

southern

the

judging

In

aggression!

"

"

Shah's

Qutb

judged but

been

the

under

finallybroke
Ibrahim

strained and

friendlyrelations gradually became

these

nagar

of the

powerful kingdom.

very
Hindu

the

that

Deccan,

became

menace

particular but

also to the

their

so

other

of

only chance

of Rama
safetylay in reducing the authority and
arrogance
Raya. Ibrahim has no option but to fall into line with things
as
Apparently at the suggestion and under the
they were.
leadershipof the king of Bijapur,but through the mediation
of the
formed
king of Golconda, a league of the faithful was
of
the
four
Mahomedan
States
of
against Vijeynagar,consisting
As an
for
excuse
Ahmednagar, Bidar, Bijapurand Golconda.
Adil
Shah
battle the Bijapur king, AH
I, sent an ambassador
to

restitution

Vijeynagar demanding

been

from

taken

What

him.

of

he

districts that, had

some

expected happened:

his

expelled.The armies of the league marched out

1564, and on
plains of Bijapur on the 24th December
the 24th January 1565 the decisive battle known
the battle
as
of Talikot was
fought. It destroyed the great Hindu
empire of
the
Mahomedans
Vijeynagar. For five months
plundered and
the capital.
burned and pulleddown

ambassador
from

was

the

this

After
annexed

victory the kings

the districts

on

their boundaries

towards

Hindu

of

fortress

pnarked the end

gave

back

But

years

Kondivalu

was

coast.

to

captured,

Golconda,

and
and

so

In 1579

rule in the Kistna

of Hindu

whence

and

Bijapur
advanced
the

strong

that

event

district.
it had

It also

passed

before.

of the ancient Vijeynagar dynasty had

maritime
its eastern
ther$
provinces and

the remnants

sought refuge in

the Madras

Golconda
borders

their southern

Masuiipatam

twenty-two

of

strength. It
fathered

in
settled at Chandrigiri
the petty chiefs or naiks of the Madras

backed by
its feudatortes

in

prosperous
with
overlords still disputed

Hindu

sea-board,of the

times,the descendants

more

the

and

1594

the

Moslems

Golconda

hill tracts, the river

delta and tidal lagoons. By about
middle of the seventeenth
century efery vestigeof power

departed from the once glorious kingdom.

to-day by the Raja of Anagundi,
represented
under

who

had

dynasty is
holds a jagir

H. the Nizam.

E.

The

the

When
he

despatched

belonged

to the Adil

invited

Ibrahim

arrived

Darur

marched

to

an

Shahs

of

Shah

fort of

the

Bijapur,and
assist

to

fallen to Mortuza,

had

the letter

Ali sent

attack

Ahmednagar

reduce

to

Qutb

of

and

then

Ibrahim's

on

Mortuza,

to

150

elephantsand

His

son,

Prince

Kadir,

Ibrahim
monarchs

two

wrote

peace

time

same

friendly

for himself
ordered

promptly

on

and

Golconda
in

men

Ibrahim

met

the

ag;e,

which

Darur,

Before

fled to

officers and

many

Abdul

of
who

Ibrahim

camp.

lost

Shah

of

came

the

at

him.

Bijapur.There Ibrahim Qutb

Adil Shah, proposing terms

letter to All
alone.

force

Shah

Nizam

Mortuza

his

retreat.

and

the frontier

for the pursuer's rear,

begged permissionto wait in ambush
but Ibrahim, naturallyjealous,
thought the prince was
ing
intriguand
ordered
him
to be confined and, later,
against him

poisoned
Ibrahim

Qutb Shah

wise

and

politicprince but at
On
the whole, his reign was
times arbitrary and severe.
a
his
tastes
somewhat
he
were
one.
Although
just
epicurean,
did not neglectbusiness for luxury. He strengthened the fortifications
round

was

the hill with

of the nobles

many
several

and

mosques
Kali
the
Ibrahimpatan,
house

garden and
we

owe

band

at

very

Husain

1575

himself

and

built the
and

terrace

or

and

the

tank

then

with

Ibrahim

by

his

established

characters at

for the whole

world.

Wali,
the

marked

should bear his

Qutb Shah

able
fefccottr"ged

incurred

hands

own

Shah

at

Langar

Goshan

the

Husain

thereby

Ibrahimpatanthat

market

Ibrahim

who

or

flower

planted
or
To
gardens,the site of the tombs.
pleasant drive in Haidarabad, along
This tank was
built,under
Sagar tank.

king'sorders, in
Ibrahim

tion
mortar, and at his invitawithin the walls.
buildings

the Ibrahim

of the

after

and

schools

Chabootra

Golconda,

at

stone

constructed

Beside

alms

him
the
the

named

it

king's displeasure.

the

outline of

tank
v

name.

securityin Telinganaan".d

his court.

Ferishta says

Telingana

became

that merchants

from

PLATE

MOHAMMAD

QULI

QUTB

SHAH,

I,

13

Persia

Turkestan, Arabia, and

they returned frequently.He

treated that
June

2nd

There

1580.
the

with
died

is

Rao,

well

suddenlyon the
ness
for the sudden-

to account

Brahman,

Mahratta

marched

Rao

died

so

were

vested
in-

was

of state affairs. Shortlybefore the

management

Murari

legend

Murari

death.

of his

king

to it and

resorted

with

troops towards

some

temple near Adoni, and after killingall the inhabitants

At
robbed the temple of its gold and
siiv.eridols and
gems.
and
of
ill
died
idols
the king was
taken seriously
soon
sight the
of the gods ; Mabelieve it to be the vengeance
after, Hindus
famous

refer to it

homedans

the demoniacal

as

of idols.

power

six sons
thirty children, of whom
thirteen daughters reached
maturity. His eldest son,
the
of his father ; the
at
command
Kadir, was
poisoned
Ibrahim

had

Hussain,

Mirza

son,

third

the

Khairatabad
as
localityknown
of his daughters, Khairatibi.
Khairatabad
Masjid is believed
From

Aurangzeb
The

death

the

the annals

Fifth

Another
ascended

the
his

reached

its zenith.

the arrival of

the

on

devoted

on

of

death

to the

father

his

prosperous
which
his

time

The

of the year 1611.

the 8th April 1566 and

to the end

us

in

1580.

reign the dynascy

predecessors
gave fco
and
ment
embellishimprovement

Quli, accordingto Ferishta, married

Nizam
late

to

capital.

Mahomed

the

one

uncertain.

are

born

was

long, peaceful and

battle field he

Shah

carries

Shah

throne

During

or

of

is close to the

which

Shah

Qutb

of Golconda

In the

her remains.

cover

of Ibrahim

long reign

Quli Qutb

of his

to

tomb

second

Nampally;

memorial

Abdul

King

Mahomed

the

The

at

to the throne.

have

we

tank

Quli, succeeded

Mahomed

son,

in

drowned

was

and

Isfahany,who

was

Mir Jumlaor

the

daughter

prime

minister

and still continued

in office. For some
years
but
the
of his fatherat
was
eventually,
instigation
peace,
Quli took the field with the generalof Ahmedin-law, Mahomed
to

king

there

not
was
against Bijapur. The venture
nagar
this connection a question of court etiquettearose.

successful.
If

one

In

king

the help of another to do battle and led

sought and obtained
his troops in person, the ally was
his army
expectedto command
in person.
E/eccan and

This
had

Ahmednagar

customary amopgst the

observed
between
always been
was

and

Golconda.

Bijapurthe Ahmednagar
Quli

therefore

leavinghis wmy

broke

forces

In the
were

up his camp
in the field under

combined

led
and

sultans
the
attack

of the

kings of
against

by a general. Mahomed
to his capital,

returned

the famous

Golconda

general

14
9

Mustafa

The

Khan,

On

Bijapurforces.

latter

and

attacked

was

his return

Golconda

to

defeated

Mahomed

his i'ather-in-lawand prime minister and

In

deportedhim.
Golconda

Ibrahim

1586

lastingpeace

Bijapur, and

and

Adil Shah

in

the

Quli

prisoned
im-

subsequently

concluded

was

by

between

that

the Bijapur king,

year
the sister of Mahomed
Quli Qutb

II,married

Shah.
his

of
enamoured
Quli became
reign Mahomed
Hindu
a beautiful
he
dancing girl named
Bhagmati, to whom
assigned1,000 cavalryas an escort. As time passed Golconda
became
and
in 1591
very unhealthy through over-population,
the king built a magnificentcity a few miles
he
u hich
away

Early

in

named

Bhagnagar

naati.

After she died the

of the

name

of Ali.

But

and

later,speak of
the

it

Thevenot,

In the

as

At.the

Quli built

Char

Masulipatam he
the

Purana

In

Minar.

The

Dad

the

names

have

of

stood

from

road

century
is

used
be

can

"

gridiron
the

"

main

Mahomed

at the

crossing to

In

the

remain.
now

in

1594

same

year

commenced

opposite the Salar

erected

was

erected,

Mahal, and

the

enamel
the

near

Char

built about

was
e.

the

Jung palace.

of fine Persian

of Justice

palaces were

the site

on

years,

Golconda

1593,
Hauz.

fair amount
Hall

the Salar

these

the

on

and

Masjid
or

Mahal, Lakhan

probablywhere

out

Oulzar

stands

Mahal

last

many

titles

bridge was built. Mahomed

Quli 'also
used to accommodate
or
now
hospital,
the

the Jami

Several

Mahal, Hira

use

the

the

old

or

which

1598

time.

same

laid

in

the

buildingstill exhibits

work.

of

one

visited the

and
Municipalityoffices,

Khana,

This

the

Minar

built the Dar-us-Shifa

Ashur

in

change

important crossingsover

with

erected

Ful

Haidarabad

remained

was

two

were

junction

the

Haidar,

Bhag-

of the f( rt.

city, which

new

principle,there
road.

after

who

mile south- west

persuaded

to

cityhalf
and
even
Bhagnagar,
today the name
community. Bhagmati's Baradari

commercial

about

seen

king

was

city to Haidarabad,
the
originalname

for Ta vernier

by

his favourite mistr. ss,

to commemorate

g.

the

Nadi

the

Chandav*

Mahal, the

Jung

palacestands today. Only

Quli's own
palace may
the
Purana
occupiedby
Haveli.
Mahomed

Mahomed
Quli made extensive
additions
to
the fort of
Golconda.
It is stated that he spent about
" 300,000
annually
on

publicbuildings.
The

Black

fay.putiteresort
put

gardens

and

Rocks

near

of Mahomed

built

the

Husain

Quli and

pavilionsand

Sagar

tank

his successors,

were"a

who

pleasurehouses

on

laid

the

16
the sixth

was

Shah

of

son

Mahomed
of fourteen
storm.

father,but he
He

study and

during

the

17th

December
it

His

1611.

the

was

and ascended

sufficiently
enterprisingto

make

was

very

and
philosopher,
the learned

Qutb Shah

The

history.

men

chronicles

did

not

spent

was

he

whom

his

like

although he
of his time

most
kinglyoffice,

reign

lull before the

man,

and

court.

April1593,

cultured

intercourse with

his

his

born in

Shah

duties of his

neglectthe
at

not

was

king,having married

late

was

nneventful

Qutb

historian

was

on

was

years
Mahomed

Qutb

Mahomed

Begum.

Qutb Shah

of Golconda

the throne

Qutb Shah.

of the

also*the son-in-law

was

daughter JElayatBaksh

his

in

Ibrahim

King

aged
encour-

compiled

were

reign.

gardens to add to the beauty of his capital,

of the
the foundation
but his principalunderta-kingwas
Mecca
Masjidin the cityof Haidarabad, leaving the building to
There is an
be continued by his successors.
interestinglegend
laid out

He

Shah

Qutb

Mahomed

this.

about

some

resolved

that

only

the foundation

of the highestsanctity should

stone,
lay
who
had
man
worthy
regularly
surely
observed the trying, though voluntary duty, of recitingthe
who
the only man
As the king was
could
midnight prayers.
had
who
the doctors of religion,
never
be found, even
among
he raised the first
omitted the recital of the midnight office,
followed by
laid it in its place. His example was
stone and
and the buildingso begun proceedthe nobles and learned men,
ed
the
continued
during
reigns of his
slowly and was
person

would

that

and

be

successors.

is

There

evidence

some

thoughts of founding a
there.

even

the

is

name

this

of

bears his

name,

Qutb Shah

It

are
buildings

Haidarabad, but

certain
I

to be

was

whether

the

buried, dates

died.

Mahomed

Mahomed

Jung

of

had
abad.
Haidar-

the

Qutb

Shah's

themselves

east

to rival

is not

Sir Salar

where

4 miles
some

Shah

Qutb

constructed
It was
by the
previousone.
the
after
tank
which
the previousking, very soon
and that was
built just before Mahomed
Quli

reign or

Mir Jumla

In

cityabout

new

forgotten!

Momin,

Daira-i-Mir
from

Mahomed

and
mosque
Sultannagar was intended
of

remains

The
seen

that

at

Masulipatam

Qutb

Shah

in 1615

died

on

reign

the

and

the

the llth

Dutch

established

Englishin
February

1622.

1626,

PLATE

'ABDULLAH

QUTB

SHAH.

II.

the

Seventh

Qutb Shah's

Mahomed
December

2nd

the

enter

we

Armagon,

Nellore

the

on

of the

all

began,

as

it

that the

local

of

directions

in

days
big

distinctlya

was

in bis time

reign his officers

Shah's

Qutb

obstacles

many
removal

led to the

trade, which
to

thrown

have

to

appear

trouble

the

of his

troublous

the

on

on

death

the

on

in the two

of Abdulla

earlydays

born

was^

dynasty.
simple proportions; but
great calamity. It was

foreshadowing of a
to experiment
Moguls commenced
authority and federal harmony.
In the

a, who

throne

The

begin, with

events

advent

his

Shah

Qutb

the

Abdul1

son

ascended

1614,
with

father, and
of

King.

the

English

of

way

English from

Masulipatam
Masulipatam the

In

coast, in 1628.

and
the West
the Far
English found a half-way mart between
than the Portuguese settlements
East scarcelyless lucrative
on
the
turned
The
Malabar
coast.
the
factory ab Masulipatam
India
the Surat
of
the
flank
eastern
as
Portuguese in South
flank in North
India and the
factory had turned their western
for
Gulf.
The
Persian
English had to struggle with the Dutch
to have
a
footing in Masulipatam,but the king of .Golconda seems
realised the advantage of keeping the port open
to all comers,
the
the
Abdulla
for in 1632
English got from
Qutb Shah
them
to
Firman"
their factory
"Golden
permitting
reopen

Masulipatam.

at

contained

shall

King, they

the

It

sit

down

at

return

the

factory engaged

to

king.

The

Firman

November

the

on

At

It

as

be mentioned

must

from

gave

French

to

the

March

strip
Mr.

the

Company
for

Golconda

at

case

kings
displaced,and

but

from

that
in

the

of land, 5 miles

Francis

Day,

with

who

English
In

1611.

footingat

1639

as

the

that

established

of

later

years

the

Vijeynagardynasty
1st

was

Golconda.

in

that,

of Talikot

the

importance
at

agent

battle

After

renewed

was

residence"

Golconda

the

they had
rajas whom
authority on the coast,
grants at Masulipatam
the

30

It

the

diamonds.

not

was

about
their

the

for the

horses

1632.
then

safety." In

in

Persian

Me

Under

and

rest

continual

"a

find that

we

assurance

import
and

1634,

keeping

Choltnly

Mr.

purchase of
it

of

rate,

any

had

February

21st

recognised

is dated

"

this

in

Madras,
Hindu

the

still exercised

received

16459

the

first

their

Qolccmda

king

place1565

itself at
of

of

the

of the

remnants

an4
Chandragiri,

raja
Chandragiri
along the sea but only
"permissionto erect

tirade
1 mile
a

fort

on

grant
iqland,
which

ig
named
Fort
patron saint ctf England, was
known
ChenSt. George. The
as
surrounding village was
named
it
was
Madrasapatanam,
Subsequently
napatanam.
in honor

of the

finallyabbreviated to
Chaudragiri rajas had
then

the

Madras

died

name

became
of the

Neknam

Khan,

Agency

Karnatic

Golconda.

been

have

to

appears

Presidency at Fort St. George

was
through him that they
king of Golconda. whereby the

fort and

the

Commander-

The

It

the

from

hold

to

the

the

Mysore, and
with
his flight

And

time

of

last

life to

his

land.

that

"Nabob."

Finnan

was

the

at

whom

to

title of
a

of

out

the

1646

flee for

to

dependent upon

in- Chief
the
gave
obtained

In

Madras.

town

annual

an

on

rental

A
pagodas (about " 600) and free of all taxes,
the Agency
few years later the king proposed to form with
the ports of
Joint
Stock
a
Company for trading between
but nothing
his kingdom and those of other* Indian powers,
Khan
Noknam
of
died in
the proposal.
to have
come
seems

of

1,200

and

1673

his

Ibrahim

Mirza

successor

confirmed

Khan

the

cowls.

Mir
the

Karnatic

made

were

steadily into

advancing

them

hold

to

was

Shall

later the
him

an

Jehan,

prince

annual

tribute
in the

centre of mercantile
Persian

traders

Among

these

talents

became

soon

stripof

land

revenue

from

maintain
very

long

governor
name

an

the

from

diamond

has been

became

Karnatic
handed

Shiahs, more

down

was

of 5,000

to

Mahammad

of

most

He
him

of

man

handsome

him
It

was

of Golconda

Qutb

posterityas

traordinary
ex-

opportunities
conquered a

horse.

minister

Abdulla

his

enabled

and

prime

Sunnis.

were

Mir

yielded

mines

under

years
to pay

important

an

were

wealthy.

which

independentforce

two

Ardistan, it is said in
He

the

and

aulatabad

monarch

was

named

one

making

been

of hun.

merchant.

Bidar

he

in

chief

had

1633, and

century

Golconda

powerful

its

the

1600

Shah

Qutb

lakhs

was

and

near

before

of

in

Jehangir,in

place than Moguls, who

Persian

nowned
re-

were

Shah's

bay. Buhranpur

seventeenth

to

Moguls

Qutb

enterprise.As the rulers

came

employ

of

visited the

of

the

of Akbar,

forced

adventurers

Sayyid, who

But

Abdulla

at

of

son

same

Haidarabad

the

dominions

his

Deccan, gradually absorbing the

conquered by Jehangir, son

fell to

extend

to

good.

the

kingdoms, and

local Mahomedan

anxiety

able

was

the
south, and
chiefly with
help of the
of
whom
Jumla,
later,largeaccessions
more

the

towards

Shah

Qutb

Abdulla

the

Shah.

great

to
not

and

His
Mir

Jumla.
mines
of

that
valuable
his. time
in J666 speaks
Thevenot
acquiredand developed.

It
were

Mir

during

was

Jumla

diamonds
fort.

forms

no\fr

Nellore.

with

the entire

occasions before

record
In the
Mogul
of
interestingaccount

Kuddapah,

Karnooi

and

stored there.
and

kingdom

the

his visit

in

1645

he

by the

gives

he describes

Jumla, whom

pany
com-

different

three

on

of

Mir

no

that

while

subversion

of

that

country

and

to Golconda

visited Golconda

Tavernier, who

stated

in the

for
politics

Haidarabad

forsake

us

of

brought

were

gems

all situated

are

districts

British

the

The

Let

mines

celebrated

The

be

within 80 miles of the

itself or

at Golconda

found

were

from

it may

Here

Karnatic.

conquests in the

Ibs. Hollands
thfc mines
and

("480

he obtained

which

weight ") of diamonds,

rnaunds

20

having

as

us
a

as

an
man

great wit, understanding and justice. On the occasion of his

the 15th
farewell interview, on
September of that year, he
secretaries, bare-footed,
two
found
with
seated
Mir
Jumla
of

"with
others

between

sometimes

his

between
papers
the fingersof his left hand, which

papers

sometimes

from

from

of

number

large

his

between

fingersand
should

be

given

and

toes

he drew

between

everyone/'

his toes

and

With

tions
correspondence on hand he attended to the salutaof
militaryofficers and dealt with four criminals, one

what

answers

to

all this
of

whom

had his hands

road
a

ordered

and

woman

thrown

on

her

off and

cut

into

broken

Another

children.

It

days :

those

and

house

was

The

and

other

two

ment
punish-

summary

were

men

the

on

murdered

disembowelled

robbery.

for different crimes.

acquittalin

thrown

was

was

dung heap for highway

beheaded
or

feet

he had

die, because

to

were

and

into

put

never

prison.
On
a

he
or

his

merchant
had

seen

"56,250

at

Golconda, which

for sale in
and

"

chapter to

The

he

could

Great

Table
on

the

it

Rs. 5,00,000

for

Rs.

4,00,000.

flat) and

was
\,it

devotes

diamonds

the famous

with

largeststone

priced at

buy

"

diamond

was

was

not

it in his book

saw

says,

It

India.

Tavernier

Streeter calls it
whole

Tavernier

first visit in 1642

of the

world.

Tavernier
On

that

visited

occasion

he

for

Golconda
described

the

third

the visit of

time
a

in

young

1652.

Dutch

"The king summoned

Abdulla.
surgeon, Pitrie de Lan, to King
him
him
to bleed
this Surgeon and told him that he wished
on
the followingday in four
places under the tongue as his

physicianshad directed, but

draw
than eightounces*
more

that
De

he

Lau

should

take

care

returningto

the

not

tc

Court

20

the

on

three

following
day, was
eunuchs, ahd

bath

four

where, having

place

of his
him

they gave

came

with

made

garment

country. They then took him to the king,

basins of gold which the physicianswho
were
these
the

tongue
weighing

he had

with

receive

to

were

in four

places,and

blood

the

drawn

blood.

the

it

the

basins

exactly.

The

this

operationthat he gave him

The
equal to nearly 700 ecus.
young
dowager having heard of it, desired

European make,
fashion of the

the

they brought

where

present weighed ;
bled the

then

did

he

with

eight ounces

He

king

under

that,
skilfully

so

found

he

king

was

satisfied

so

queen
that he

and

on

that

pagodas,which

800

; and

aromatics

of

according to

or

to

well,especially

and

were

two
him

conduct

him

drugs

by

room

to

washed

and

him

into

clothes, which

own

women

undressed

his hands, they annointed

in

conducted

old

the

are

queen-

would

to

come

bleed them, but I believe it was

from curiositythey had
more
him
than for any need they had to be bled, for he was
to see
a
and
young
had not seen
not

well-made

and

man,

stranger

close

since from
impossible,

the

able to

without

see

brought

into

him

the

place

being themselves

chamber,

bath

for from

"

where

they stay they

De

seen.

the

same

they
thing is

the

distance

where

lives

women

Lan

was

who

had

are

then
taken

his
king
which
well, and especiallyhis hands, after
arms,
they washed
which
they annointed him with scented oil. as they had done
he went to bleed the king. That
when
being done, they drew
curtain, and the young
a
through
putting out an arm
queen
a

to

before

their

in

probably

hole, the surgeon

bled

engaged

"400,

as

had

her, and

for the queen

mother.
other 30 pagodas, with
was

he

The

book

squalor: here

nagar
"

The

the

on

gives

is his

us

vivid

some

abound

in Indian

of

contrasts

descriptionof Haidarabad,

omit

We

cities.
or

the

Bhag-

is nearlythe size of Orleans, well built and well

town

being paved
and

"

there
any

India

inconvenient
"

same

50, and

he calls it.

opened out, and

Persia

on

him

the

Lan
De
piecesof gold brocade."
a
salary of 800 pagodas, about

splendourand squalor which

as

did

afterwards

ear.

Ta vernier's

the

he

uncovered

the

first bestowed

some

surgeon

bled

Before

in

"

are

than

more

fine

many
are

large streets

those of all the other

full of sand

they are

in it, but

and

dust

towns

not

of

; this is very

summer.

reaching

Called Aurangabad,a

the

Kos

bridgeyou traverse a largesuburb

length,where all the merchants,

in

28

bag, Which a eunuch, who is on the

balcony by the side of the King lowers with a cord and draws
U^pafterwards,in order to presentthem to His Majesty."
hand

placesthem

he

The

in

of

ceremony

principalnobles

the

his turn, and

There

they

they

assemble
ten

6ee

or

the rank

under

who
their

of him

bearing

body

of

who

thence

the

by

small

goes

off

week.

6,00.0

or

the

home
in

main

coach, and
another

there

town.
to

the

order

good
street

are

somewhat
others

are

some

they

among

resemble
which

of the

instead

man

There

guard.

cages (howdahs) which

their driver,and

the

only carry

cage, who

holds

of banner.

sort

times
elephants,the camels follow two by two, somecamel
has its saddle, upon
up to thirtyor forty. Each
slender
a
gun), which
they placea small culverin (a long

"

After

which

the

clad in

man,

skin from

head

to

foot,like

of the camel

seated in the crupper

quickly turns from

side

with

pantaloon, and
lightedmatch in hand,

side before

to

sort of

the

balconywhere

the

is.

King

"You(

coiningafter

see

walk

the servants

finallythe

precededby

ten

on

noble

the

around
carriages,

which
this

whom

to

twelve

or

them

foot, after

the

whole

all that affords

it,during

three

or

which

led-horses

appear

equipment belongs,

courtesans, who await him at the end

dancing before him up to the square.

bridge,leapingand
After him the cavalry and infantryfollow

of the

as

5,000
around

tents

his
guard each goes from
when
they leave it they march

from

of

end

the

command

in the square in front of the balcony. In the van

you
twelve elephantsmarching,more
fewer
or
accordingto

them

and

nobles

It is

each in

Monday

every

before

relieved

not

these

bridge,and

the

guafd

mount

encamp

mount

rendezvous, but
across

who

"

is well described.

mounting guard

are

of

some

are

horse, and
When

they

and
spectacle,

four consecutive

has

in

good order.

And*

somethingof pomp

months

which

about

have

times
some-

spent at Bhagnagar, my lodging being in the main street,

I enjoyed the amusement
every week of seeingthese fine troops
less numerous
or
accordingto the rank
passing,which are more
of the noble who
has been o
guard in his turn.
"

The

ells of

clothes,with

before

and

knot
a.

of it

for their sole

soldiers have
behind.
on

which

They

the head

scrap of cloth with

as

garment

they

clothe the

wear

the hair

women

three corners,

middle of the head, and the

but

middle

three

or

four

of *the

body
long,and make a great
do, having for sole head-dress
one

othe? two

of

which

they tie

on

the

together

the

r"sts

on

nape

of the neck.

they carry
and

and

broadsword

thrust, and

and

of

coat

like the Swiss, with

makes

have

cavalry,they

sabre like the

it from

stronger than

are

; this

purer

nOtihave

they suspend

muskets

their

do

They

them

bow

a"d

mail, which
^

the

and
to

arrow,

shield and

hangs

behind

cut

The barrels of

belt.

liable

they both

which

ours,

not

Persians, btit

iron

burst

As

mace,

with

from

is better

for the
helmet

helmet

the

over

the shoulders."

On

and

left Golconda
and

half

that

in the

able

because

King

"

1632,

not

were

day,

of the

gunners
6n

October

16th

the

escorted

travel

to

the

morning

"

more

he says, " we
than a league

Portuguese,English and
and

us.

spent

we

Dutch
time

our

in

joying ourselves."
To

had

he

forces

Golconda

had

obedient

and

servant,

"gently,"Manucci
the

king
truth

much
Mir

unguarded
threat

was

not

was

of

man

friends;but

many

rival

besides the

with many

king, Abdulla

Qutb

Shah,

than

rather

an
"

rupture occurred between

being

that there

"

queen-mother,

informed

was

Abdulla

"

with

liaisdn

Qutb

how

between

Shah

in

ari

expressionto his thoughts and vowed

be revenged on his presumptuous minister.
The
long in reaching Mir Jumla, who happened to be
gave

in the

Golconda

from

away

the

had

Filippe

thoughts of dispossessinghim-

1655-6
says.
minister.
On

moment

would

he

that

we

us

that

of his own,

dangerous

had

do not know

and

Jumla

as

In

his

and

the

even

him

regard

to

begun

pf the

was

telLs

army
Naturally he

also, and

enemies

had

Manucci
small

European artillerymen.
he

he

governor
Dom
friendshipwith

of Goa.

Viceroy

Mascarenhas,

While

close

maintained

he

Karnatic

Jumla,

to Mir

return

action

quick

and

He

appealedto
opportunity.
protection.Aurangzeb, who
welcomed

the chance

man.

Moreover,

Amin,

provinces. But Mir Jumla

plunged through Catastropheto
the Mogul prince Aurartgzeb f6r

eastern

was

of
it

governor

winning

over

of the
to

his

Mogul
side

so

vinces,
pro-

fluential
in-

for him
to
good excuse
interfere in Haidarabad
exfoliatedan
politics.Aurangzeb
into
of imposing mysteries. He
series
a
ordinary incident
Mir
commander
made
Jumla
of 5,000 horse
and
his sbja,
a
a

Mahomed

Jumla and

Qutb

his

Shah

Golconda.

Qutb

son

not

that

2,000 horse in

the

Aurangzeb
says
his presence
and sent orders
to
to obstruct
Amin
them, for Mahomed

"farman

course

of

to

Another

Shah

the

historian

One

service.

commander

was

of

Imperial

summoned

Mir

Abdulla
was

in

historian says that Aurangzeb sent Abdulla

not tp interfere with
Mir
Jumla.
ever
What-

policytfiayhave

been, the fact remains

that

24

Qutb Shah

Abdulla
all that

could

he

Amin
and
confiscated
imprisonedMahomed
get of the family property. Thereupon
eldest son,

his
Aurangzeb ctespatch^d
Golconda
to

with

his way
to Bengal
the main
followed
with

Imperial forces,and

Aurangzeb

Shah

Qutb

Abdulia

army.

to

strong escort, ostensiblyon

cousin, and

his

marry

Sultan, ahead

Mahomed

alarmed

was

approach of

the

by

could he left Haidarabad

and

fled to Goleond'a.

the

valuables

hastily collectingwhatever

he

Sultan

Mahomed

encamped by the Husain Sagar tank while his advance guards

entered the city and plundered it before they could be stopped.
have a story,with slight variations, that
Bernier and Manucci
to Golconda
from
disguisedas an ambassador
Aurangzeb came
Abdulla
and
that
who
the Emperor Shah
out
went
Jehan,
King
ambassador
in his garden, as was
the custom,
to receive the
narrowly escaped being taken a prisoneron that occasion. He
warned

was

in time.

released Mahomed

Abdulla

Sultan

Mahomed

but

Golconda

the
came

up

worsted
both

in 1656.
This
Golconda.
was
redounds
which
is mentioned
Shah

king.
fort

the

saw

He

outworks.

temporise,

to

until

overtures

to any

In

encounter

an

Meanwhile

Aurangzeb
proceeded to invest

armies

In this

connection

incident

an

to the credit of

the

Qutb
greatly
in
the siege began a gunner
his
elephant visitingthe
upon

after

few

days
Aurangzeb

turned

tried

surrendered.

been

and

his forces

with

and

to listen

refused

property had
troops were

the confiscated

Amin

who

King Abdulla,

to

to be

happened

requested permissionto shoot Aurangzeb,

in a
time putting himself
at the same
positionto fire. But
aud
him
him
that
the lives of princes
told
the king prevented
on

the bastion, and

should
killed

by

shot which

the

have

might

Qutb Shah

Abdulla

had

generalof

respected.The

be

so

the

Mogul

ended

was

army

Aurangzeb's

career

desired.

siege had not lasted long before orders arrived from

the Emperor Shah
Jehan, to suspend hostilities.
Delhi, from
The

Possibly the Emperor wanted

acquiringincreased power, which
of

throne

the

Or

Delhi.

the kindness

remembered

of

to

the

make

worst

with

of
a

what

best

of

what

did not.

promiseto pay

He
a

prevent Aurangzeb from

would

it may

be

help

him

Shah

that

sooner

fled from

he

The
wise

remained
was

the wrath

situation

King

man

instead

glad to

buy

heavy indemnityto

did

of

who

his

not call fer

Abdulla
of

to

still

Jehan

previous king of Golconda,

courteously when
father, the Emperor Jehangir.
hurrahs, certainly; and like a
him

treated

to

decided

making ttye
Moguls

off the
cover

the cost of

"25

of tribute, but the principal

the expedition
and to clear arrears
the marriage of his second daughter
condition of the treaty was
Sultan, and th$ recognition
to the Imperial prince,Mahomed
of Golconda.
of the latter as the heir-apparent to the throne
As a dowry Abdulla
gave his daughter the district of Ramgir.
of the king were
to bear the
According to Bernier the"coins
Jehan.
Mir Jumla's
of the Mogul Emperor, Shah
arms
perty
procalled
Events
in Hindustan
returned, of course.
Aurangzeb away sooa after,and there was peace for Golconda
was

for

tew

years.

to

went

the British

amongst

now

diamond

Crown

jewels.Manucci
weighed 360 carats and

After

1 y the

Moguls

was

the weakness
brought home
Golconda
kingdom had passed

furnished

his

him

valued

was

these

old

at

was

ambassador
has

Manucci
here,

The

in about

troops

Golconda

story of

ambassador
1656

was

the

In

1667

he

was

shrewd

that

Sivaji

the
the

Shah

Qutb
the

recover

of them
year,

almost

Golconda
man.

the

appeared on

Qutb

many
for himself.

says

that

the

monarch.

Imperial court

from

indeed

Sivaji recovered

most

in

to

Abdulla.

King

to

throne, and

when

Bijapur king.

at the court

to

appears

Agra, Abdulla

and

forts, but he retained

Bernier, who

Mogul

money

the

his

it, and

Khan

shock

its zenith.

from

escape

with

forts from

Shah

from

tribute

levied

alter

scene

Delhi

is

says that the

time.

rude

of

It

Mahratta

for

minister

prime

the

become

left Golconda, Musa

Jumla

Mir

This attack

of

which

2,16,000 (" 21,600).

at Rs.

have

and

uncut

was

with

Jehan

Koh-i-noor*

to be the

believed

magnificent diamond,

Shah

first

He

Aurangzeb.

Emperor

presentedthe

and

Delhi

with

his lot

in

threw

Jumla

Mir

which
to

The

the

vant
is relecourt

at

Emperor, Shah

The Koh-i-noor
found
was
Krishna
at Koliur in the
river, probably in
It is said to have weighed
1656.
It seems
originally785 English carats uncut,
to have been chipped before Mir Jumla
presented it. Later it was entrusted to
Hortensio Borgio or Bronzoni, and was
named
a Venetian
so
damaged and wasted
in his hands that when
Taverner saw
it in Aurangzeb's treasury in 1665 it weighed
than 268} Engdsh carats.
In 1739 when
not more
Nadir Shah
sacked Delhi he
carried the stone away with nim to Persia,givingit its present immortal name,
the
'*
Mountain of Light/' It passed tc the kings of Kabul, and in 1809 Elphinstone
it in the bracelet of King Shuja at Peshawar*
saw
Subsequently it passed to
of the Punjab, to Queen Victoria.
Uanjit Singh and in 1849, after the annexation
In 1852 it was
recut by Voorsangerof Messrs, Qerrards.
Its weight now
is lOfcJ

Englishcarats.
"
There is a theory that the Koh-i-noor is the smaller part of a great stone of
which the Orloff diamond,the principaljewel of the Russian regalia,
is the larger*
It is unlikely,
for the Orloff diamond
to have coire from Mysore.
"ieins

of
Jehan, thought he was* a man
to test him
in public audience.
of

king

his

Gokonda,

slaves who

He

looked

asked

was

and resolved

wisdom

great

master,

him
tall

as

flies. The

brushing away

was

impliedinsult

the

the

whether
as

of

one

the

ambassador

perceiving
replied My King
Majesty." The retort pleased

the slave

at

four

"

and

fingers taller than Your

the Emperor, who
faithful servant
praised the ambassador
a
as
him
and gave
horse.
a
(robe) and a handsome
costly sarapa
He
three years' payment
of the tribute received
also remitted
the
from
which
about
amounted
to
king of Golconda.
I was
Rs, 9,00,000. Manucci
adds,
actuallypresent in the
this
conversation
when
took
court
place/' and there is no
is

"

although

he

weeks

later.

1666.

He

of the

collectors is far

trees

Rhajur

gossip.

and

"

collectors

April

marked

the

trees

arrived

from

the

wherein

on

than

in

boundary

the

travellers

of

the

nine

November

to

insolence

the

make

in India

eastern

beginning

insupportable

more

the

"

Golconda

of Golconda,

kingdom
"

Hopewell

at

was

and

Mogul

Mogulistan

"

that Mahowa

says

backstairs

traveller during
by another famous
November
In
Thevenot
set
1665
reign.

in the

He

intentionallyunveracious,

ever

visited

was

Basra

was

called

Shah's

Qutb

sail from

he

has been

Haidarabad

Abdulla

the

that

to believe

reason

of

west
the

tax

of

confines

what

pay

they

ed
please/' A habit which was
prevalent in his time has continutill today ; the common
of
people were
extremely fond
Tari (the sap of the palmyra tree).
"

"

Thevenot

that

asserts

the

of

mother

King
by her

Abdulla

was

and
children
lady, who
that it was
was
through her influence that
very witty,and
Brahm
ns
were
largelyemployed by the king. He adds that
to his
the previous king, Mahomed
Qutb Shah, left the crown
than
Abdulla
eldest son, but being less beloved of the queen
the throne.
he
was
was
placed on
imprisoned and Abdulla
he was
He remained
a
prisoner until 1656, when
poisoned
because
he offered to fight the Moguls during their attack
Brahmin

tlie fort.

ou

not
a

had

come

across

Brahmin

has
an

We

any

from

the

evidence

lady ; but he is

beeu amply
positionin
that

she

was

Hay

Hayat

the annals

honorable
know

that

the

Qutb Shah, $b"

mother

of the

Baksh

at

I have

and

Begum
Qutb Shah

daughter
the

seventh

Begum

in other

Baksh

of the

Quli Qutb Shab, the wife of

husband

of Thevenot

statement

accurate
fairly

corroborated.

Mahomed
ed

Apart

other

of the

was

matters

occupies

dynast^.
king

fifth

king,Mahom*
king, Abdulla Qutb
sixth

27
It

Shah

when

son,

played a

she

state, Brahmins
We
mines
to

gather

from

farmed

out

were

the mines

dig in

whether

they

mines

top of that

the
a

round

; and

good

of

is made

of it, and
Pearl
two

'

chief

continually

men

and

nobody

jewel which

Abdulla

"

like

in Diameter,

Inch

each

of

like

Pear

is crooked

about

and

of

Diamonds

to

hath

King

fasten

the

many

surpasses all the

that if there were
he would

have

displayedby

Kings of
Merchants

has
the

left

through
which

the

three

troopers well

town
men

Indies

and

bucklers
come

playing on

which

are

Clasps

of

short, That

great value

doubted, but

that

he

in

vivid word

handsome

very

with

picture of

of

nobles

or

on

are

preciousstones ; arid
(who would give him their worth)
of money."

elephant or
carrying banners

and after these

trumpets, and

In

pieces of

be

to

an

clothed

their sides, and

us

Omras

generallymake

Omras

the

lovely long

have

head.

his

considerable

prodigioussums

Thevenot

to

it is not

leaves

with
Rubies, which
all sides, make
an

these Bands

jewel

other

Treasury, and

in his

and

top)
long ; it

the

Table -bracelets, in

with
set round
large Diamonds
that
hang dangling on
great Pearls

show;

the

foot of this Posie, there

encased

exceedingly rare

foot

their end

at

; at the

in fashion

half

at

"(as it were)

are

have

which

of Gold

Sprigs,which

several

little crown,
of which
out
Palm-Tree
Branch, but it is

(which

that Palm-branch

shaped

Bands

is

there

rose

fashioned

Branch

issues
is

"

king's

This

almost

on

the Crojvn
of his head, a Jewel
on
prince wears
is said to be of inestimable value ;
a foot long, which
Rose of great Diamonds, three or four Inches diameter ;

"

it is

king

in the mines,

weight

the

the

allowed

the

pay

6;000

8 Ibs.

near

in his turban

wore

has

descriptionof

is Thevenot's

Shah

Qutb

he

of

diamond

were

The

not.

or

and

working there,who daily find

digsthere but the king."
Here

of the

they worked

hour

her

next reign,

some

to

of

of Golconda

court

the

had

Masulipatam

Karnatic

the

in

are

affairs

bj"the king. Peoplewho

for every
diamonds

found

that

Thevenot

near

pagod (about Rs. 4)

the

at

power

predominantin

became

their influence

and

into

came

reign

during the
leading part in the
that

is certain,however

goes

before

mounted

are

and

arrows,

their backs, follow at

other

men

fifes. After

"These

court.

figure; when

two

bows

the

the pomp

on

they
them,
50

or

swords
some

go
on

60
at
tance
dis-

horseback, sounding
them

comes

the Omra

28
Oil

horseback with thirty or

making

others

way,

drivingtwvay

the

his master's

head

over

pots full of

others

carried

palanquin
two

of

another

in

water

four

by

pleases,ho

Omra

him.

and

its

lord

is to

takes

hanging
comefi

be

All

have

(who

chariot

and

covered

with

Gentiles,and

is

only

save

considerable
are

; and

the

Gentile) goes

at

that

Dutch

of

instead

Qutb

Shah

he

was

just

shrewd

not

was

part in
patron of learningand

and

liberal

enough

also built several mosques,

baths and gardens. Work
on

the
including
the

hath

completionof
of

downfall

mosque

He
the

was

would

up,
caustic remark
mosque.

had

took

no

enthusiastic

colleges.
Masjid,palaces,
many

when
on

bring about

of

the downfall

far wrong,
was

next

the

king

nearlyfinished,all

half-way

and

He

his

not

dynasty
The

mosque.
was

time.

to have
Masjid seems
is said
It
reign.
stop, during
son-in-law, Sayyid Ahmed,
predictedthat the

the

dynasty.

Toli

prince,but

Mecca

languished,if it did not

eldest

for his

architecture,he founded

He

the

hand,

Interpreter

camels, he

intelligent
regard for the chancos of war
the quarrelsof his brother sovereigns. An

on

his

present with such

not

mosque

in

Moors
pay, whether
carried through the

And

of the

silver,

ends ; the

at both

weak.

the

is led

(at least) there is not a cavalier,but hath his

and his cup-bearer."
bearer, his flie-drivers,

Abdulla

that his

the

but

umberella

an

or

When
horse

silver

porters

camel

his

it, holding flowers

well attended

in

equipage,

in

any

the

palanquins
Bkagnagar (who

an

palanquin,

The

shewing
chewing betle and areca,
ness.
effeminate posture a most
supine dissolute-

Gentiles) imitate

town

on

pipe,and

else

or

soft and

that

up by
their backs.

tiptwith

lying

seen

an

tobacco

brought

some

fine kins
napumbrella

of canes.
cages
two
next with

is sometimes

bambous

or

canes

smoking tobacco,

by

his

with

holds

them

him,

about

carries the

men

palanquin

The

by

at

flies. One

is
change ; and all this pomp
with men
beating of timbals

for

or

forty footmen
carryinglances and some

although actually the

signal for the completion

continued

but

the

the

minarets

work

and

which

the
were

With
a
Aurangzeb captured Golconda.
worldly vanities Aurangzeb stoppedwork

This, it is said, accounts

for

the

stunted

minarets.

Abdulla
fort,

by

him

The
to

Qutb Shah added largelyto the defences

portion on the east called the Naya Qila was
take in a
hillock which
gives the holder

advantageover

the fortress.

of tke
built
some

29

Abdu]J*"
no

but

son,

married

had

Sayyid Ahmed,
came
Sayyid Ahmed
for the hand

'and asked

refused.

were

Mecca.

Two

winning
king's many

the

to

in

relative

afterwards
He

was

ho

very

daughter, as

have

wo

daughter

third

Abdulla

king

good

well

were

he

married
became

to tin*

the

heir-

predeceasedthe king,

arose.

married

to Abul

Hasan,

relation

succeeded
by Abul Hasan, the
from
its prelude to its aftermath
era,
the austere presence of the Mogul.

by

miniature

throne,
that

of succession

war

Qutb

Shah's

death.

eldest

the

outside

hand

1 here

the

Sayyed
Akkana.
the

help

was

some

chief

and

male

female

or

fighting,which
Khan,
his

espoused

the

officers of
in 1672

in

Abul

Hindu
the

state.

Hasan

of

guards

favour

had

he

as

was

Qutb

the

stoppedeventually

was

to the last

Abul

king,and
and

Madanna
Hasan

and

Say}Tid Ahmed

ascended

acknowledgment of his services

made
prime minister, but his ambitions
trimmed
the king, who
oVeat anxiety to
with the
cause
wind by making common
When
A"kkana to get rid of their maSter,

sword

claimants

servants

of

cause

himself

line, from

minister

once

the
Khan

unsheathed

Amazon
Both

more

Khafi

showed

an

to

and

Ahmed,

Ahmed

war.

was

claimants

historian

her

by

declared

in the

of Musa

They

The

palaceSayyid

Hasan

Abul

Muzaffar

and
imprisoned,

Hasan.

place

taken

two

were

inside his wife held

Turks,

descended, either
Shahs.

There

and, surrounded

Abyssinians and
following,but

have

to

seems

son-in-law, Sayyid

the

to fightwhile

her

In

was

was

youngest son-in-law, Abul

over

lie

who

the

His

of his line.

after Abdulla

with

then

As

never

was

Shah

Qutb

overshadowed

ready

of

last

Eighth King.

The

in

succeeded

Qutb Shah.

of Abdulla

us

the

was

seen,

throne.

tells

of

science of numbers.

the questionof his accession

the

was

Sheikh

and

says
all

indulgent to

apparent of the Golconda

returned

Ta vernier

Sultan, who

was

daughter

Grand

probably

was

Mogul prince, Mahomed.

last

eldest

of the

left

disguisedas a beggar
princess,threatening vengeance
back
imprisoned and, later, sent

vv*as

princess.

second

The

He

16\72,

May

Golconda

to

prime ministers.

in the

The

Mo

and

1st

of the

years

mathematician
versed

the

to

daughters. The

three

to

Mecca.

if he

Qutb Shall died

his

Muzaffar

behaviour
sails

brothers

this

was

the throne.

Sayyed
and

won

was

to

was

caused
suit the

Madanna

and

accomplished,

30
Maclanna

the

became

and

minister

prime

Akkana

the

assistant minister.
Khan

Khafi

remarks

that Abul

exceeded

"

Hasan

in his devotion
to pleasure."
predecessors
and for this and
an
reputation
unsavoury

minister

of

while

state

he gave
amid
the

festive board
music.

sweet

much

Madanna,

But

that he

so

to whom

other

himself
voices

withal

he

the

to

up

of

reasons

got the nickname

same

Puritan

the

indolent

the

and
his

in

of Tana

and

of

his

affairs
of

thn

sound

of

enjoyment

damsels
refined

was

got'

sway
entrusted
the

lie

his

Haidarabad

So

prominently before the notice of Aurangzeb,

an
Emperor of India. CertainlyAbul Hasan was
fell
He
under
the
youth.
completely
dissipated
Brahmin

all

pleasures,sj

Shah, the

fastidious

prince.
Abui

While

Hasan

being ably managed,

felt far beyond
was
from
Masulipatam

were

power
came

officersat Golconda

; and

issued instructions

substantial
Outside
Dutch.

we

Golconda.
for

the

to their

Golconda

agent

the

peace
of further

the

that

at

king on

were

Holland

of
apprehensions

powerful

Madras, who
annual

an

court

rent

to

sent
pre-

struggling with

the

Akkana.

and

with

His

presents

other

at the Golconda

English

concluded

read
and

state,

Madanna.

EnglishCompany
from

of

affairs

it,by

We

Madanna

Madanna

giftsto

The

admit

must

to hold the settlement

continued

the

enjoyed life,

had

in 1674

relieved

by Dutchmen, but
had been threatened by Ricklofte Van Goen.
Madras
He
joined
forces with 1,000 Europeans against St. Thorny
the Golconda
It was
which
they reduced to surrender in September 1674.
the Golconda
king's refusal to give the placeto Van Goen that
from much
saved Madras
trouble and possiblybloodshed.

Bombay

The

distortinginfluence
be

to

began

felt

important
many
Mahomedans.
who
in

1677

with

promisehim
of his

with

posts

He

administration.

his

proteges

the

to

filled
of

exclusion

dissatisfied.
At his
very
ruler returned
to Haidarabad

the Mahratta

annual

personal equationsoon

naturally

were

7,000

an

the

Madanna's

in

instigation
Sambhaji

of

attacks

men,

and

tribute of

Abul
a

Hasan
of hun

lakh

was

glad

to

for the defence

territories.
^

Events
each

other

vanished

Jt was

in

fast.
the

few

the
Of
that

Deccan,
the

old

remained

a period of
essentially

in

local
were

folio wed
days
had
dynasties some
bowing to their fall.

these

disorder and

both
uncertainty,

31
and
their
Deccanis
antagonists the
occurred in the past,the Qutb Shah
opportunities

for

Moguls.

the

districts

it

which,

alleged,formerly

was

Telingauaprovinces. These
door

of

conquest of

The

Successful

years.

while; and

faith and

have

always

But

the

with

final

ending
preconceived plan.
Deccan,

before

his

the

overthrow

Oolconda,

and

the

of

days

ambitions

two

and

verified but

inevitable, for it

was

When

Aurangzeb

father's

laid

at

the

matter

of

for

disproved,

and

console

him.

goal of a
viceroy of the
the

was

was

formed

death, he

might

peace

never

uphold

to

man

the

treaties there

blessingsof

the

hope, never

remained

other

part of

to be

merely

was

hero

confer

and

and

Hasan.

Deccan

engagements

disaster

postpone

the

troops had

Seram'
formed

exploitswere

king,Abul

unfortunate

the

Malkhed,

Sidhout,

captured Gandikot,

As

resolve

the

to

of

independent kingdoms
Bijapur and
of the Mogul empire from
the drearn

realise

so

its founder"

the

the

south.

In

South,

the

His

intriguesof Mir Jumla rekindled the flames

of war
in the Deccan, after a spellof peace.
Having brought
low
the infidel Hindu
kingdoms of the north, Aurangzeb
turned his strength to the two
heretical Mahomedan
kingdoms
of

and

conquest of

the

empire to

make

he

1683

collected

grand and

one

all

final

attack

it after a fitful series of

reconquer
the Great
Mogul. Aurangzeb marched

and

is known

Grand

the

the

forces

of

the

the Deccan

upon

begun by Akbar,

wars

head

the

at

of

what

fiture
discomThey met with some
at the outset, for the kings of
Bijapur and Golconda,
of
their
hearing
approach, laid waste the country and there
of
was
shortage supplies.
In
ivcovt';as

as

Army.

Aurangzeb began hostilities againstGolconda to

tracts of Telingaiui,
which
the Emperor claimed

1685
some

part,oi' his dominions.

For

time

in

Abul

resistingthe

Aurang/eb's second
of

the

son,

Hasan's

whose

Golcomlu

^inouth, nor
Tn

cand
the

be

older

Bidar

kings

so

sweet

days, when
also

of

thingsin the

held

Bijapur
same

that

sympathies
that

they

the
court

and

light.But

Prince

under

enemy

king
of his royal father.
It was
displeasure
that
Aurangzeb gave Prince Muazzim
be so salt that
subjectswould
your
with

troops were

he

may

mon"rchs
with

on

wore

the

entirely

so

incurred

the

piece of

sound

one

spit you
gulp you
of

had

long

grave

advice
"Don't

occasion:

of their

out

down."

Ahmednagar, Berar

splendour

Golconda
as

successful
Shah Alam,

in

not
arm

the

Deccan,
always seen

of

the

Mogul

32

gradually grasped the lands l?eld by the scions

Bahmani
ancient
sovereigns,until only Bijapur and
with

left

were

other.

of the

downfall

Hasan

Abul

ami

collaboration

realised

each

for

enemy,

in

what

So

in

against Mogul
the
king of Golconda
Beside, there
book

in the

and

in 1656

in

considerably
those

arrears

; Gandikot

days

from

bo-en wrested

had

of Abul

succession
his

as

son,

and,

of all,

it

Sultan,

serious

most

Hindus

of

insult

to

affected

of

act

who,

and

to

injure

regard

tho

usurpation,remembering
recognised while

was

in

above

used

an

wore

balance

districts mentioned

Aurangzeb

Hasan

Mahomed

in 1635

always

influence

to the

had

consideration.

promised
was

other

Moguls

the

transgressing their power,

faithful. Further,
the
that

war

tribute

the

submitted

had

Hasan

Abul

and

of

part

king written up
indemnity agreed upon

in fact, there

"

in

Bijapur

the

on

grave
against the

The

older annual

the

assist

for

matter

charges

Mogul.

the

conduct

the

on

Shah

Qutb
to

two

common

be

would

sending troops

other

were

of

was

fate

find* Abdulla

Such

invaders.

their

against

his

we

1679

the

Golconda

independence, the

of

measure

acted

had

monarchs

MJU5

some

of
t

he lived

but forgetting that it Wa"

heir-apparent,
only in his wife's
was
to these
so
recognised. Add
right that the Prince
able
shortcomings the fact of the king's profligacyand the unavoidoffence of being a Shia, and you have
a
fairly complete
in
which
the
his inexorable
of
list
reasons
upheld Aurangzeb
as

determination
The

stresses

his

send

of

40,000

Sambhaji
hands

fell into the

of

He

crowing
immediately
to

to

army

Shah
from

40

Alam

in connection

assisted
___

Hasan

out

by

men

Mahomed

with

his

wiole

help and

the

Sheikh

in

to

hordes.
and

lost ia
Shah

the

secure

letter

The

remarked

he

had

the cock

as

wringing

Alam

Bijapur

io

in

be

interfere.

to

not

Hasan

Prince
with

active

to

Mahratta

tc

was

detached

set

his

Aurangzeb

time

70,000

generalship of
was

no

settle accounts

to

on

to

men

The

strain.

June,
that
humour,
unpleasant

with
metaphorically,
taken

was

Abul

and

Hasan.

Bijapur again in
the beginning of the end.
Bijapur in 1685, and in

give

year
the injunction Abul

Disregarding
proposing to
assistance

to

attack

warned

that

of

It

rupture.

Abul

result in

to

proposed

commenced

Aurangzeb
March

bound

were

the

caused

1685

unfortunate

the

Golconda

which

help

crush

to

its neck.

with

large

Golconda.

July

1685.

Golconda

The

field

the
strong took
Ibrahim, of whom

of

grant
Minhaj

Madras
and

to

tlie

heard

English.*
Rao,

Rustam

under
-have

we

the

forces

He

Madanna's
_

nephew. The Deccanis

Seram.
near
Mogul army
main
body and camped
with

terms

held*

Malkhed,

at

his

but

arrived

Alam

tried tto

he

of

the

with

the

guard

advance

Shah

When

Deccanis,

the

the

up

negotiate
with

met

overtures

no

success.
"

his

anxious

his

halting at the
Goodlad, and there drinking
After

him.

he

sought
who

Ibrahim,
of

tent

of his

one

"

"

two

or

cup

if

allowed

to be

request

general, Mahomed

Golconda

Manucci

prince and,

the

Malkhed

At

accompanied by

was

Manucci.

Italian
from

away
; but

his country
had been refused.

Surat
the

get

to

to

return

this occasion

on

physician,the

favourite

very

Alam

Shah

Prince

was

possible,
to

to

go
aid

the

agreed

of

help

to

friends, Thomas
Shah

mystify

to

various
he
then
errands,
despatched on
spies,whom
Ibrahim
Mahomed
Ibrahim's
he escaped to Mahomed
camp.
his
to have
seems
promise, but being pressed by
regretted
Manucci
he allowed
the
physician to proceed to Golconda,
which
place he reached in three days in time to relieve the
king's sister of palpitationof the heart.

Alain's

As
Abul

Hasan

for

sent

in his harem

woman

she

knew

where
was

veins

so

from

the

Manucci

and

he

held

whom

Shah

the

Qutb
extremely

"

woman

so

that

much

blood

; and

blood

gushed

admiration
this

I reached
out

seeing

at

meanwhile
confusion
We
Golconda

Shah
that

ensued

return

to

Manucci

Haidarabad,

at

rode

Madanna
He

the court.

less resistance

was

him
about

and
to

might
the

the
have

Moguls
been
in

army
defeated
have

three

for

the

time^jstronger.

leg,but

and

in

Perhaps
of
so

the

much
with

to

progress
offered
by the

the

the

the

Ibrahim, the

game.
hatred

wielded

who

Akkana,

allowed

than

fortress

possible for

and

after

Masulipatain,

Mahomed

field of battle.

the

to

away

playing a double
influenced
largely by his

was

Brahmins,

army

arrived

except

size I used

ulcerated

an

general, was

conduct

of the

Alam

her

her

told off to attend

then

suffering from

was

covered

dexterity that the

in
was
one
Every
with
never
happened

had

was

This

vein, and

the

because

such

force.

that

Manucci

who

with

great

thing

before."

woman

king's nephew,

at

the vein
with

to

from

drawn

t\\ice the

measure

fat

the

I felt for

bleed

concealed.

were

be

not

dead,

was

regard

great

and

stout

him

ordered
in

treasures

could

capillaryveins
fixing the bandage, I took
others

Destremon*

king's physician,Monsieur

the

field.

hia
two

power
much

strength

Indeed, it

Imperialists,for

was

his

84
When

negotiationsfailed,

advance

from

barelyable
them

hotly,we

reinforced
of

by 10,000 horse.
Imperialists,and

the

the

for

sure,

months

two

to the

been

distress

wasted

were

to

they were
pressed
had

latter

rain added

Heavy
so

Deccanis, who

the

by

be

may

But

Khan-i-Jahan.

off defeat

stave

to

too

not

under

Moguls attempted

the

"

Malkhed

at

Malkhed.
It needed

the

Moguls

succeeded

the

The

beginning of

joined them
forsake

the

the
of

way

quarrel

his

and

1685,

was

was

Shaik
second-in-command,
in
in the vicinityof Haidarabad

the wral

to escape

suspect. He

was

to

October

unexpectedly

of the retreat

cause

arrived

Moguls

Deccanis, who

and

Ibrahim

Emperor to rouse
bloody contest, they

the

After

the

The

Golconda.

Mahomed

Minhaj.

back

pushing

to

between

from

action.

renewed

to

in

retreated

scathingrebuke

h of

Abul
of

first
and

error

Ibrahim

Mahomed

there

officers

Golconda

the

follow

he

whom

of

Hasan,

of

royal road

the

rectitude.

Hasan

Abul

succession1" of
minister

property

the

king

had

gates there
Haidarabad

of their
similar

left
a

of

the

the

wives

city

mad

that

at

their

left behind.

was

Thousands
with

he fled to the

was

that

and

that

people learnt

the

enemy

for the

as

happened

fled

fort

the

to

in Paris

later,in the days of the Commune.

somewhat

occurred

scene

its

they could, leaving most

best

then

all

that

at

was

his

safetyof the fort.

city in the Deccan.

classes

upper

And

which

the

the richest

and

children

property behind.
to

was

nobles
and

When

scramble

time

after the

him

Against the advice of

that
fort so precipitately

Ibrahim.

Mahomed

Madanna

his

distrustful of all about

became

It

little over

was

very

tury
cen-

terrible

remained
in
The
masses
reigned supreme.
mob
their houses
dazed
and
but
the
immediately
helpless,
and
became
soon
ungovernable. Lakhs
began to plunder
in cash, property and
china ware
worth
belonging to nobles

affair. Confusion

and

tradesmen

looted, besides

were

royal property. Costly

places,too heavy
removed.
On

Women
the

to be
were

carpets from

carted

followingday

Shah

sent

protect the citizens,but they joined the

Fire destroyedwhat escaped the hands
ordered
Two
was
days later Khan-i- Jahan

to

and

succeeded

in

restoringorder

to

some

of

other

piecesand

into

cut

kidnapped.

children

Alam

and

Warangal
were

away,
outraged and

worth

krores

or

party of soldiers
turbulent
of the
to

tude.
multi-

plunderers,

police the city

extent.

But

by

36

littleprogress, and
the 7th
there on

Aurangzeb
June

Alam, who

Golconda

territorywas

1686.

and

evacuated

the

arrived

recalled Shah

the

of

resources

pletely
com-

Moguls

were

employed againstBijapur.
had

Hasan

Abul

the

until Bijapur fell,

on
respite*

Then

1686.

September

12th

brief

turned

Aurangzeb

him

to

of fact,the Emperor had

approved the
again. As a matter
treatyonly to enable him to expedite his operations against
demand
they were
completed, demand
Bijapur. When
upon
unfortunate
was
king, who did all in his
pressed upon the
But

satisfythe Emperor.
to end
Aurangzeb'sdetermination
to

power

that

led to believe

was

relieve

would

him

raise the

not

further

of the

offered the

royal seraglioin part payment, and

trays full togetherwith a quantity of gold,as

ladies in the
nine

of

good

That

faith.

was

the
the

Oulburga,

the

ancient

halted

for

few

to

secure

them

misconduct

the

Emperor,
reply was
iti vivid

shrine

capital

days
of

measure

letter to the
The

could

jewels of the
actually sent

as

at

of

of

Bidar.

the

Bahmani
Hasan
wrote

begginghis

and

an

"

The

to

evil deeds

Bidar

Golconda

to

Abul

independence. Be

terms.

from

out

famous

pardon
imperial firman

present

pledge.

January 1687 Aurangzeb set

luckless king. Before
marching

punish the
made
a
pilgrimage to
and

Khan,

the 14th

to

account

he

guarantee
honour, in the hope of
Aurangzeb's agent, to whom

jewelswere sent, basely despatched

them
as
Emperor instead of retaining
On

As

sacrifice of

Sadat

saving his country.

Hasan

cash

apprehensions.

immediately he

money

shake

Abul

misrule.

his

settlement

prompt

from

could

nothing

he

saint

at

dynasty,
still
very

hoped

humble

ment.
vowing amendsetting forth his
of this

wicked

"

of writing;
Aurangzeb, pass beyond the bounds
of a hundred, aud
little out of
out
but by mentioning one
a
be
formed.
some
much,
First,
conception of them
may
the reins of authority and government
in the hands
placiilg
vile tyrannical infidels ; oppressing and
of
the
afflicting

man,'5 wrote

Sayyids,Shaikhs, and
excessive

other

holy men

openly giving himself

and

debauchery

depravity; indulging in
wickedness
drunkenness
night and
day ; making no
and
distinction between
infidelity Islam, tyranny and justice,
in defence of
depravityand devotion ; waging obstinate war
up

to

and

infidels;want

of

obedience

to

the

Divine

and
commands
forbids
which

especiallyto that command

prohibitions,
assistance to an
enemy's country,the disregardingof

which

PLATE

IV.

37
has

cast

God

and

man.

upon
been

these

been

paid

by

That

hope

Hasan

force under

and

infamy

or

how

in earnest

from

40

more

than

raise

petty skirmishes

said,

it is

defeated

appealed

also

his

Mahrattas

of the

to

bjdy
Sambhaji

for

Hasan's
work

He

could
to

on

sent

no

the flanks

place

its name,

the

Aurangzeb's generals
Abul

it.

got

in

do

took

horse.

help and

useful

some

they

received
of

one

expect any

his foe.

encounters

which

Abul

to

was

hang

these

the fact that

of

did

of

and

Maidan,

Fateh

the

on

field otfvictory,from
there

One

no

in the next/'

horse, but

50,000

no

deeds, and

Minhaj,Sharza Khan
Abdur
as
Razzaq Lari.

known

had

Sambha

worthlessness

to meet

of Shaikh

have
known

wicked

his

hopelessit

Lari, better

Imperialarmy.

and

in this world

They
of the

the

to
of

saw

to

latelybecome

intoxication

the command

Khan

Mustafa

has

and

attention has

No

men,

sent

the

to

set himself

clemency, he
a

and

paid

Abul

When

out

been

of deliverance

shown

discreet
it

pagodas ha$

been

has

repeatedlywritten,

moreover

this insolence

in

regard

them

to

of

hands

the

lac of

been

points have

-sent

that

the^Holy Book in the sight both of

upon
full of friendlyadvice and warning
Letters

censure

Hasan

Sambhaji

and

cuttingotf the supplies

and h"rassingtheir outposts.

Imperialists

January 1687

Aurangzeb arrived within two

Abul
Hasan
fled again to the fort ; and
miles of Golconda.
the city was
occupiedby the Moguls for the third time, under
Firoz
Ghazi-ud-din
Jung, the father of the first Nizam.
The defence of the fort is a romantic
Hostilities began at once.
With
valorous
adventure.
story of heroism, treachery and
the whole might of the Mogul Empire at his back Aurangzeb
beat incessantlyfor eight months
against its fortifications
Hasan.
and
then only by briberysecured the downfall of Abul
of losing
showed
Abul Hasan
more
kingliness in his manner
of
than
in
his
it.
the crown
wearing
the 28th

On

Shah

Prince

Hasan

few

Alam

Golconda,

for

whom

had

been

He

was

he

Emperor

on

Abul
the

disposed towards the king of

the
pardon from
hoped to obtain

nothing in the telling. When

were
interceptedand brought
the prince and
his four sons.
much

against

well

passedbetween
Emperor. Correspondence
the fact to the Emperor, and
we
may

the

sent,

earlier,accompanied his father

months

present occasion.

who

grief,but

The

he

be

of

some

to

them.

Spiesreported
that

sure

Shah

it lost

Alam's

letters

Aurangzeb,

he

event

to have

was

seems
man

who

imprisoned
caused

inarched

38

unwaveringly

his

to

goal, It

Was

seven

Shah

before

years

regainedhis liberty.

Alam

"

be remembered

It must

within

garrison

only with

the

field army,

which

took

the

that

had

Moguls

deal not

to

fortress but also with

the

positionki the rear

in
preventing

the

and

co-operated
with
Sarnbhaji'sMahrattas
supplies from
The
of
difficulties
the Moguls were
reaching the besiegers.
which
famine
the
in
the land.
increased
prevailed
by
They
terrible privations throughout
the siege, while
endured
the
besiegedlived in the midst of plenty.
The

siege began

in

delivered

from

been

have

that

believed

and

heavy

daily the
lines

the

fire

the

while

leading
Jung was
him

to

Soon

after

of the

r""

killed

was

Ghazi-ud-din

attack.

the

to

,'

Nizam,

tirst

the

Minhaj, Shaikh

Shaikh

this

almost

besieging army,
the
dispositions for the siege.
sallies
daily. One of the many
both
sides.
great slaughter on

were

the

in
sorties, spreading death
of
the
early days
siege

command

to

entrusted

wore

the

on

fort.

fort and

the

appointed

of the

north

is

the

grandfather
Mogul troops

pushed forward
in
'garrisonresulted

Trenches

by

the

It

quarters

from

r~"

Qulich Khan,

and

In

to

seems

south-east.

own

the

up

resolute

besiegers.

'

Chin

Firoz

kept

was

his

to

attack

and

established

garrison made
of

main

south

the

ir.ile away

incessant

The

earnest.

Aurang/eb

of hills about

range

up

and

Nizain

of

several

to the
Moguls. They were
principal ainirn deserted
later by others, until eventuallyonly two
followed
remained
Abul
Hasan, vls.tAbdur
with
Razzaq Lari and Abdulla Khan

the

Pani ; and
But

fire

incessant

traitor at heart.

had

defections

in

equipped
was

the

on

vigour. "So
heavy was
to
distinguishnight
impossible
with

historian.

The

of

horrors

pestilence,
probably cholera,
Desertions

to

Shiahs,

the
who

fort

had

openly; in secret aided

conflict speedily. But
principalnobles, none

Imperialarmy.

which

not

the

day," says

Abul

common,

courage

was

native

by

Imperialcamp.

the

and
to

many,

change
of

bably
prosides

ending

the

of his
lost many
joined him from the

Hasan

first rank

it

accentuated

ravaged

an

retaliated

that

besieged in hopes

whereas
of the

smoke

were

the

fort

that

who
besiegers,

from

became

now

ammunition

the

famine

the

on

The
persistently.

and

guns

maintained

effect

immediate

no

continued

siege, which

the

well

so

was

these

of

duration
was

Pani

PLATE

V.

40

assembly in force opposite the. mines so as1

garrison to that portion of the fortifications.
was

fired

the

powder

tthe20th

on

in

June

1687

direction

the

and

of

attract

The

the

first mine

exploded outwards,
being wet, killing

it

the

1,000 of the

to

fort

officers of high
some
Moguls, among
rank.
The
followed .immediately by a sally
explosion was
by the garrison,who captured and held the trenches for a
over

The

while.
later

Firoz

ud-din
men.

attack

be witnessed

to

happened

that

be

Mogul

army,

garrison
back

on

hours

lost

by Ghazinearly 350

third

the

about

mine

was

followingday,

which

the

powder

but
Avas

fix/Jo.

Jung,

been

wounded

third

met

and

the

from

one

few

wounded

was

wrought by

Firoz
had

mine

It,killed and

Emperor

only

was

Ghazi-ud-din

As

be

the

second

driven

was

to

the

by
to

Thoro.

extracted.

the

who

Jung,

the

by

destruction

The

the

disastrous.

more

Another

2,000.

explode

to

attempt
even

was

them

the

Commander-in-Chief

twice, Prince

of

Muhammad

appointed to command.
time Aurangxob issued a proclamation annexing
At the same
to
the Empire, calling it
Darthe
kingdom of Goleonda
hostile
The
notul-Jihad, the
proclamation was
country.
ultimate
the
of
outcome
sure
premature : Aurangzeb was
of inflexible purpose.
But
of the struggle and he was
man
a

Emperor's

the

Azam,

troops suffered

his

son,

severely from

nothing of the casualties

say
looked
like hillocks
skeletons
We

have

was

said

that

remained

with

and

starvation
"

of battle.

The

disease,

white

to

pilesof

of snow."

Abdul

la

Pani

Khan

and

of Goleonda.

the

Abdur

As

a matter
king
the
been
over
won
by
Moguls,
already
and
all
to
latter
the
rose
but
temptations
they were
superior
lasted
the
had
when
In
1687,
September
siege
eight
many.
months, it was
arranged with Abdulla Khan Pani that on the
his post at the wicket
gate
night of the 21st of that month
kirki should
be insufficiently
or
guarded and that the alarm
the
be
until
should not
besiegers had passed through.
given
After
the entrance
effected,the Moguls opened the gate
was

Razzaq

of

fact

nearest
where
Thus

Lari

former

the

wicket, the

Prince

Muhamad

Fateh

Darwaza,

Azam

and

treacheryaccomplished what
Almost

that

had

the

the

large force

force

could

Razzaq
immediately Abdur
in the fort. He
Moguls were

shield,threw
followers

himself

on

bravely attacked

horseback
the

and

of

Gate

or

seized
with

invaders, and

waiting.
do.

not

Lari

Victory,

were

informed

was
a

sword

about

and

twelvtf

step by step

41
contested

tlieir

under

wounded

was

wounds

with

covered
literally

too,

but

When

he

Jiorse and

carried

was

Next

he

day

was

feet; his horse,

to

fought on
strength was

his

senseless.
dropped oft",

he

head

He

citadel.

of the

gate
from

him

of valiant manhood.
power
lie gave
the rein to his
where

to the

approach

with

all the

exhausted

to

garden

and

found

was

reported to the Emperor, who

aA European and a Hindu
to attend the
ordered two surgeons
his face and
warrior.
on
They counted nearlyseventy wounds
be
could not
wounds
which
other
over
body, beside wounds
ottered
One
numbered.
was
a
was
destroyed. He
eye

recognised.

The

capture

was

"

"

in the

command

but

Imperial army

to remain

in

offers and

Abul

with

obscurity

it

refused

conditions

politely,
ferring
pre-

Repeated
scruplesat length,

Hasan.

his

overcame
changed
the
obtaining
permission of his old
eventuallyentered the Emperor'sservice. As the
had possesseda few iv.ore
remarked, if Abul Hasan
would
Abdur
Razttaq Lari, the conquest of Golconda

after

and

difficult than

more

even

When

Abul

lie betook

bidding them

in state, went
the arrival

scene

indiscreet

the

awaiting his

his

disturb

intrusion

arrive.
laid.

Some

been

an

honour.

Prince

Muhamad

pearl

necklace

heart.

food

with

and

touching

what

and

awaits

placesit

the

on

the
but

officers

The

calm

and

in his

is

jewels

where
capital,

king

removes

who

receives him

prince
futile

have

which

remorse

of his

has been
would

in

himself

arrays

him.

which

them

with

he

Mogul

erstwhile

concealing the

Then

the

as

kingly dignity and

horse rides to the gate

Azim

the

of the meal

converses

escorted

consolation.

his

He

is

of the
Emperor, is received and
presence
courteously,but realises fullynow, as he had not done
to

before, that he is

passedfrom

stands

It is

self
him-

seat

small matter

the

decline

others

offers well-meant

has

robed
his

self-possessedking

but

such

partake

bravely

his

for

With

and
Ijindly
treated

guests.

audience

to

He

tones,

gnawing at
and mounting

.'

them

them

his

he

took

room,

contrite

routine

accept,

measured

the fears of the

farewell

throne

and

Moguls

gives

politelyinvites

calmed

regal splendour. As meal time comes

food to be brought. Why, he asks, should

usual

of the
He

and

Moguls,

in

he commands

round
he

doom

been

have

entry of the

unbidden

of his

truly

officers like

the

tender

to the

awaited

of

harem

the

to

latter

was.

heard

Hasan

himself

After

ladies.

it

he

master

behind

no

longer a

potentate but

prisoner. He

joyfullibertyto gallingconstraint : his citadel

looms before,
Poor Abul Hasan I
him, his prisorl

42
He

drew

his

without

the

even

an

The

fallen

Chini

Mahal

in

1704.

death

diagram of failure and

epitaph to praise.

own

king was

sent

He

and

buried

was

his

He

Daulatabad.

to

his residence

as

left

allowed

was

well treated

was

until his

the remains

Roza, where

aU

kingdom

captor also lie.

of his

strength of Golconda, the resolution born of despair

of the king, had raised expectationsof a much
longer defence,
of the
and
the news
been anticipated,
for treachery had
not
Officials in those districts
ruin.
downfall
spread as sudden
with
all
which
had not
pressed forward
already submitted
speed to make terms for themselves, and Aurangzeb appointed
Mahomed
Ibrahim, their old acquaintance,as vicegerent.
The

spoilsof

The
the

Golconda

were

enriched

Imperial treasury was

thousand
golden hun,

51

and

91

to about

equal
jewels

and

fell

came

to

it

16

of

not

from

adventurers
in

kingdoms
by scions

Aurangzeb
of India.

annals
Mum

marble

Taj

time
older

barrier

of

south

Bahmani

held

the

power,
and

was

proved
Muslim

against

his dominions

the

old

ties
dynas-

south

in

for

they

the
new
were

but

dynasty
by
Mogul sovereignty

regard.

no

and

the

the
a

balance

in

arose

as

of

extent

of the

let

stand

north, who

the

of

have

Aurangzeb destroyed the

not

old Deccan

to

Deccan

founded,

largequantity of

Mahrattas, and

Golconda
the

rupees

coins, altogether

the

them.

Mahomedaii

it the

subjugation

Bijapur and
By adding to

of

states

thousand

53

of

with

to crush
error

of 61 lakhs

silver.

The

end.

fatal

and

Golconda, and

an

and

copper
besides
a
sterling,

gold

it remained

was

lakhs

told that

are

to the extent

krores

million

vessels

Thus

complete:
that

and

krores

115

We

enormous.

tax

has

written
third

The

Mahal,

designed by

over

whose

of the
remains

and
rustic
of

in

large letters
Emperor Shah

stands

finished

in the

Jehan

that "dream

in

by jewellers,"the

dignityfrom

the

soil.

He

splendour, but his life was lived

with puritanical
severityfrom his austere youth to the troubled
which
he had acquired by many
ending of his power,
years
of strenuous
toil. The
Gemelli, the Neapolitan
picturewhich
traveller, gives us of Aurangzeb in his 76th year, dressed in
emerald
"of a
vast
simple white with one
bigness" amidst
four little ones
in his turban, is-of
his ideal. He
symbolical

came

an

inheritance

no

name

son

Titans

Mahal, lie borrowed

into

his

43

nothing if not orthodox, .7andin his zeal he forgotthat the

control
is his
learns to bring under
last thing which man
ever
ultimate
the
had
effect
fellow man.
His policy of repression
Akbar, had
of undermining what
his illustrious predecessor,*
bore some
he
In
this
built up, the great Mogul Empire.
respect
likeness to PhillipII oijSpain, through whom
Spain was set
was

back

for

from

ever

the

of the earth.
Akbar
iireat nations
federation : he believed that
political
o

not

was

il' his

with

content

empire

coalition of the Indian

was

realised

never

; in the

due

of the

sense

nature

dignity

l)ii
t to be

of things it could not

Aurangzeb, like all famous

\vell as praised, Undoubtedly
had

religious
religious
unity

on

of

his dream

But

races.

based

be

last it must

to

was

he

great
importance
a

was

and

also have

must

been

has

men,

be.

criticised

of

as

in that ho

man

his mission

of relation

truly great one

of the
minuteness
the
proportion and not overlook
is girdled
individual
atom.
top of privilege
Every mountain
of
is
not a part
our
with vales of humble
task,
duty. It
a

sense

and

however,
whatever

he

sanctity,it
With

the

Rajputs,all
with

has

in

he

least

at

was,

Suffice it to say that,

his character.

estimate

to

consistent.

was

by

overshadowed

been

immensity.

his

Agra, the Sikhs at

rebellion, Aurangzeb retired

Jats

the remnants

Multan

at

of

his

famous

once

for Lis

As

from
to

army,

and

the

the

Deccan

Ahmednagar,

buried at
was
shortlyafterwards, in 1707,
last
his restingplace. His
Roza.
No splendid tomb marks
the moral of his reign, that all is
instructions
consummated
Taylor, that his funeral
vanity. He desired, says Meadows
realised by the sale
should be paid from
the money
expenses
did not amount
to
cf: some
he quilted,and that
caps which
where

and

he died

few

more

than

were

curtailed to

We
rupees.
the smallest

I !is

upon

the

transient

potent and

Peacock

Throne

glory of

the

Empire

It is

that
fitting

this

Shah

The
"vas

could
had

which
into

and
not

arisen

on

History.
successors

maintain

the

magnificent,

NIZAMS.

with

an

of Asaf

sketch

the

of the

outline of the next

Qutb
great

Jah,

Qulich Khan,
during the
glacisof Golconda

grandfather of the first Nizam, Chin

mortally wounded

his

evanescence.

brief historical

dynasty should close

dynasty of the Deccan, that

the expenses

of Indian

age

to dissolution

luxurious,and subsided
THE

middle

Delhi

of

that

sure

possiblesum.

With

Aurangzeb ends the

kingdom was alreadyfated

be

may

44

last

attack

Mogul

Golconda

in 1087

first Nizanv
he

His

Deccan

Ghazi-ud-din

was

coi n m

Asaf

sou,

siegeof

Jung, the father

of the Mogul army

Firox

der-in -chief

an

final

the

At

of the
until

wounded.

was

fort i?i 1687.*

the

on

Jah

Viceroyof tlu"
he was
intrigues

was
Nizani-uJ-Mulk,

or

under

Aurangzeb, but through court

of Malwa.
removed
and, later, was
appointed Governor
and fought his way
the Deccan
raised troops,inarched
on

independence in
alter

to him

died
N

was

his

son,

ir

as

buried

in 1.7 48 and

Jung,

Haidarabad
killed

and

by
object.
The

In

Ho/a.

at

Nasir

of his

one

previousNizam,

confined

at

Nizam

until 1803.

He

died in 1829

and

on

before

Muzaffar

put

was
was

1750.

In

succeeded

by

succeeded

by

of

his

the

following
persuasionsof Bussy,
In

1762

Ali

Salabat

Khan,

his
his

Sikandar

sou

and

reigned
Jah, who

Nasir-ud-dowla.

son,

1857, just

and

throne

to the

the commencement

at

Afzul-ud-dowla

friendly to

the

Afzul-ud-dowla

Nizam.

as

the

Mutiny. On his deathbed he counselled

to be friendlyto the British as they

of the Indian

in 1768.

come

in

achieve

grandson

the throne.

he died

died

Nasir- ad-dowla

the

brother, Nizam

Ali Khan

al so

to

could

he

Jung,
in

on

his

by

Bidar, where

1763

In

was

in 1721,

intriguein
Pondieherry. He was

and, through the

dethroned

was

marched

H
.

Dupleix began

succeeded

who

in which

lulled

1750

1.74 "S to

followers

submitted

Berar,

was

to

Ho/a.

at

time

Jung

was

murdered
year he was
his son Salabat Jung

Jung

buried

nil ed i'
rom

own

Nizam

next

Haidarabad,

of

his

in

Kliera

Shakar

Subedar

Haidarabad

and

Golconda

battle of

the

Khan,

Mubam
Ho

the

1712.

lie

and

his
had

his

son,

been

famous

steered their ship through

minister,Sir Salar Jung I, skillfully
troubled

His

waters.

Highness became

"

known

as

Our

ful
Faith-

Ally,"
In
son,

Mir

Mahbub

until 1884.
The

Khan

Afzul-ud-dowla

1869

His

Ali Khan.

There

Highness died

presentruler,His

Bahadur, succeeded
page 38.

died

aad
was

followed

was
a

Council

of

by his

Regency

in 1911.

Exalted

Highness

Mir

his father ic 1911.

t cf- Pa"e

40-

Osman

A\i

PLATE

FATH

DARWAZA.

VI.

46
the BalcfHisar

Proceeding towards
of

and

dwellinghouses

with

shops

mass

riches

merchant

bronzed

and
and

sheltered

once

hundreds

see

of palaces,
pass the remains
barracks and magazines. These

baths, bazars, temples,mosques,

fallen fronts

side, we

each

on

road

wide

and
siege,

balls used in the

cannon

gate,over

and

venturers

ing
dainty favourites, learn-

empty halls music

in the

reigned : the
high deliberation once
in tones
of moving colour, gorgeous

streets

once

were

only oriental

as

tints

be.

can

About

quarter of

mile

from

Fatek

the
A*"m

off to the

darwaza

Mahal,

right taking
palacesapproached through a series of gardens,the
which
laid out by the early ISi/ams.
were
road

the

on

rightof the
inscriptionto

littleto the

Maty-ul,with an
Quli Qutb
by Sultan
in 1518.
Twenty -five

effect that

the

Shah,

founder

later he

years

of

group

majority of
1'

gate is the Jam-

liala Hiaar
the

is

it

erected

was

the

of

dynasty

assassinated

was

in this

mosque.
of the citadel is covered with
the remains
higher area
of armouries, magazines, mosques,
harwns, gardens, reservoirs,
Over the Bala Hisar
chambers.
audience
granaries,
gate, which
walls
and
the
side
to
entrance
are
on
it,
carvingsof griffins,
gives
The

lions and

origin of
of the

There

citadel.

the

fort and

On

the left of the

that

gateway

similar

car

were

quarters
buildings continue
Silakhana, well

the

Mati

days

of

garrisonin

the

ings on

Hindu

other

three-storied
It

parts

Shah

Qutb

south,
and

are

Pai

the
up
the remains

Mati, two

buildingof

contains

many
the

On

Aurangzeb.

distance

some

to

the sisters Tara

in the

of the

is

Silakkana.

or

used

the

are

are

indicate

citadel walls.

granite,the Armoury
muskets

which

problematicalanimals,

times.

hill.

right
These

Behind

of the

famous

old

the

palaces of

Hindu

ladies

of the harem.

Following
ascent

left, a
of the

is

soon

pathway to the left the beginningof

reached.
Proceedingupwards we pass, on
the

large well, which

may
garrisonin early times.

been

the

water

the

supply

Khana
or
up is the Ambar
block of granitein front bears a Persian
Further

have

the

the

fact that

Khairat

the

building

was

king's treasure hom,e.

inscription
recording?
the
efforts
of
completed by

the governor
of the citadel,in 1042, in the time
itself may
have been
in
The
vault
Qutb Shah.

Khan,

of Abdulla

existence centuries

earlier.

Here

is"the last line of fortitications

PLATE

VII.

47

be

is to
mosque
built by Ibrahim

small

been
a

partof th%

oldest

Beyond is the

Hindu

summit

the

magazines,and

treasuries and

royalpalacesare
the

feet away

few

the ruins

minister.

As

another

set

of

Hindu

we

of

granariesand

of

steepest stand

the

the

of the

royai
courtyard,and a

ruins

leads into the

gateway
temple carved in lock

small
a

prime

seen.

is

crag

apartments.

be

to

close

remains

the

pass

we

have

to

proximity stands
pointed out as the temple
In

ill-fated

Hasan's

Abul

of Madanua,

Where

is

temple, which

cave

proceedto

Shall.

left, said

the

on

seen,

Qutb

fort, the real acropolis.

whole

its

still attracts

worshippers.

justiceis on the left of the courtyard. A

and
the
barren
hall, resplendent in stereotyped whitewash
oi: youthful visitors, it is difficult to imagine,even
seribbJings
for a moment,
anything of the gorgeous and magnificent scenes
the king's tribunals.
At one
is
tliat must
have attended
corner
an
opening, said to be the mouth of an underground passage
hall

The

to

Gosha

of

Mahal,

Narrow

staircases

on

From

this

away.

at either

is built

which

roof,

miles

five

end

throne

stone

point of vantage

one

country for about

of the

gets

hall lead

ascended

thirtymiles.

by

Here

the

flat

ten

of

view

grand

to

steps.

the

rounding
sur-

kings used

cool evening breeze, and here Abul Hasan

watched
enjoy
the efforts of the
mingled apprehension i nd amusement
to
from
fortress
him
his
wrest
the
Moguls
capital, last possession
the

to

with

that

remained

fco him
to the

Passing
the road

of

in

west

with

strewn

his vast

the

of their folio wers,

gardens art still intact.

Troops is a
Qutb Shah.
These
once

large

stone

the ruins

of

tind both

we

noblemen's

sides of

palaces and

the

and other buildings.Many

mosques
Near
the lines oi' the Imperial Service

cistern, which

It is believed

are

descent,

our

ruins

houses

dominions.

of

to date

is

from

credited

Ibrahim

to

1560.

Golconda's

pleasantplaces.

city ol painted balconies, fretted

windows

and

It

wa

glistening

of Eastern mysl erics in its by-ways. It

minarets, with suggestions
had

seen

young
children

Now

strangearid
love
and

it is

and
been

sad

bridal

things.
mirth

beloved

as

a
phantom town,
fightsand warring chieftains*

Tender

; it had
dear
a

rich

only

things too
echoed

home
in

to

of

the

it had

seen

voices

ot'

forgottenhearts.

memories

of

ancient

48
THE

The

road

for

undulating plain
which

rise from

by

the

the

tombs

its

with

encirclingground,

broken

ruggedness

figuresintent
discords

former

works

spellof

amenity.

aims,
to

in

peace

amidst

hovers

and

wild

are

busy

no

The

pageant of

the

and

domes

the

over

of

width

language gives place

which

there

bitterness.

no
strife,

rest

centuries

There

pathetic

but

from

rains

the

no

of

scene

solitude, the

verdant

come

of

the

in

small

enhanced

grandeur,

softened

have

benisori

the

nature:

their

on

life

of

to

is

landscape. It

an

gentle

the

forth in whiteness

comparison
reposefulin
something infinitely

the

over

miles, before it reaches

cupolas tower

in

winds

Saifabad

from

few

surroundingsombre

desolation
is

the

to

TOMBS.

the

to

higher speechof thought.

tombs

The
mark

the

Narbada

and

other

volution of
we

find

buildings of

new

distinct

architecture, the Bahmani

style at
Adil
Slialri style at Bijapur and
Haidarabad

and

form.

architectural

three

Golconda.

The

centuries) and

Qutb Shah

the

styles
Gulburga
the

Qutb

of

of the

Mahornedan

and

JBidar, the

Shahi

style at

style is

Bahmani

kings

South

oldest

the
the

magnificence
of its bulidings. TJie Adil Shahi style
and individuality
the
flourished between
17th centuries; for grandeur
15th and
boldness
its buildings are
of conception and
of construction
The
Qutb Shahi style also belongs to
unsurpassed in India.
the 16th and 17th centuries,but it shows
signsof the decadence
which
was
invading art in those days. It is a mixture
and
of Persian, Pathan
Hindu
forms, and
being evolved on
of
eclectic principles
the lack
homogeneous development is
is some
of proportion.
often painfullyapparent. There
want
instances the domes
In some
too
are
large for the stybolates
(14th

or

16th

to

buses,and the minarets

of the

the minars
not

harmonise

the

stunted;

are

the miniature

styleare
and

is characterised

profusion of

well

with

but

decorative

by

the chief

ties
peculiari-

encircling
galleries

decoration, which

stucco

tin*, general

solidityof

does

the

stone

rdifiers.
All
oldest

together, the

form

tombs

historical monuments

in

picturesque group;

Haidarabad.

They

are

standing in the centre of a

of
arcade
an
quadrangular platform supporting an
of pointed arches topped by a loftyflat terrace
number
uniform

minaret

gives "in

in appearance,

at

each

corner.

appearance

mostly
raised

each

The

of bulk

arcades
to

the

form

equal
with

verandah

building. The

the

body

which
of the

PLATE

*.:'-;,

VIII.

50

hut then she

the

was

daughter of
of

wife

the

than

more

oriental queen

an

king (Mahomed

was

Qnli Qutb Shah, 5th king),

Qutb Shah, 6th king), and

king (Mahomed

She

consort.

the

of

mother

Baksli
oval-

Begum

was

until her death

of her

Thevenot

says this

B.

memorial

She

stand

king.

Love.

from

conjecturethat she

may

the

flower

before this humble

the

was

Persian

in

As

paradise."
love

expression of man's

reign

Qutb Shah,
beautiful,

lintel says,
of

26).

died in l(j()2-o,

of Abdulla

mistress

eternity a

an

I 6 and

J (\(\(\-7, in

Mati, who

Pai

little inscription
on

modest
was

We

in

the

February 1667.

24th

('seepages

Brahmin

beautiful Hindu

tin* seventh

to

the

on

influence

Her

practicallyruled

*;he

constructed

was

mosque
Qutb Shah,

probably was
for the

lady was

This

of Abdulla

44

son

king), Hayat

strong character.

great, arid

was

kingdom
D.

of

woman

husband

her

Shah, 7th

king (Abdulla. Qutb

a-

for

woman,

we

in

the
evening, when
dull red tints of sunset
are
starlight,it is
fading into tremulous
leaden truth with
our
imagination into the
easy to transmute
There was
finer metal wrought by art.
time, doubtless,when
a
the silence

of

silvern solitude

and

Indian

an

this simple little shrine

had
made
loving thought and care
To-day it stands in barren poverty, with
Seemly and beautiful.
the
of
from
kindly hand
only the dignity that it has won
to that
nature.
proud
thoughts wander
Unconsciouslyour
into
love
of
stone," it-reproan
ducible
wrought
Emperor's
passion
it
the
What
birth.
world
which
a
as
yearning
gave
Jehan's lament
of pathos there is in Shah
!
"

is dead, for the Mystic All-seeing

Has bidden her soul wing its flight

"She
To

Realm, and

His

in infinite

Is shrouded
What
In

Being

Night,

Empery, Riches, or Pleasure.

Her spirithas tied
whence

are

world

What

of my

the Sun

is life,when

It's Love

My

"

Beloved

is dead.

shall come, as of Duty,

To worship the path that She trod

All nations
To

gaze

Who
I have

Of
And

on

the shrine

rests

pillowedthy
Heaven,

Earth

of Her

in the Garden

mine

tomb

abroad

beauty,

of God.
in the Thunders

Arjumand, Sweet

has unbosomed

To spread them

'*.

bereft of its Treasure,

Her
at

Wonders

Thy

feet.

PLATE

TOMB

OF

JAMSHID QULI QUTB SHAH.

IX

51
"

So

for tomorrow

sleep,loving Heart,

Serafil. his

trumpet shall sound,

souls that have

And

Shall
Then

from

break

arise

Domes

through the

of

thy Prison,

has risen,

incense

last,in the Gate."

at

me

ground.

of Fate

Love's

By the path where

shall meet

in Sorrow,

the desolate

the dominion

Outsoar
Thou

slumbered

(Malcolm,)
It is

great diapasonof
*'

but still a
heart

as

Who

can

throws

of

Time
of

veil

is

idealism

scrutiny,

rainbow

by reducing it to

F.

The

to have

been

G.

Here

Mahomed
There
his

stand

we

Qutb
are

He

graves

then

during

his

covered

with

pass

the

Having

men

without

on

of the

poetry

is said

Mati, sister of Pai Mati.

died

llth

the

on

visit to

Golconda

in

cracked

by

described

tomb

the

1626.

three small, of

has been

tombstones

kingi

February

inside,three largeand
is

sixth

of the

tomb

the

daughters. One of the

by lightning. Undoubtedly this
Thevenot

rnan'b

inscription.It

no

and

sons

we

memory

bears

before

Shah.

six other

in

prism.

Tara

over

court

loves of

destroyed

adjoining tomb
erected

high

as

the

over

Newton

further

for

of hope in the
note
pure
be that Pai Mali, n?
Queen

Taj.
sleepingbeneath the immortal
full of softeningsand
elisions : it

tribute to Pai Mati's

our

It may
Paradise,''held

Arjumaiid now

tell ?

recorded

sounding

farewell.

Flower

did

reed

silver

a-

166*7,

floor

The

was
a
costly carpet and on the tomb
rich satin pall trailingon
interior was
the
ground. The
inside,
lightedby many lamps. All the king's books were
The whole
enamelled
of the dome
seats.
was
placedon folding

was

(traces of which

green

by
to

still

are

large crescent pinnacle. This

of kings
distinguishthe tombs
a

retainers

(see page
those

In

held

were

days

sacred.

to the

access

The

passing

by a gari or gong,
harmony with it."

make#
H.

The

kings died

mortuary
in

was

surmounted

symbol of royalty
those of princesand

was

from

15).

announced

the

visible)and

is

now

"

tombs
of

the

they

as

Thevenot,

was

and
ringer strikingartfully

used

were

not easy,

time, says

Golconda, the bodies

fort by the Banjara gate and

was

as

were

caravansary.
brought out

conveyedto

this

When

of the

to
building

the bodies

washed,

were

perfumed

water*,

remains

The

burial.

preparedfor

be

of

and

stillbe

can

{he cisterns

by

seen

tint

associations

insurgent life; the

of

behind,

to

sorrows

I.

tenser

voice

today

and

comfort

The

tomb

of the

filth

17th

the

on

It stands

group.

legacy

of

of

died

who

with

pray

supportedby

this

and

for

wake

the

spot ; the end

hope

to

those

left

from

the

uncertainties

oi

morrow.
to-

Quli Qntb Shah

1611, is the driest tomb

terrace, the lower

arches

of

appeal of

consolation

the

State

of

each

on

feet

200

one

in the
sqvui ro,

side, and

the

total

height is 180 feet, onepilasterson each side oi ih""

22 feet high,that
magnificentsingleblocks of granite,
slender to bear the weight they have
upheld for three

are
portals

too

by

plain

Mahomed

tumulus

be
can
grave
of black stone:

in the

seen

in other

crypt,

tombs

the

built up.

been

crypts have

actual

the

Here

centuries.

covered

round

faith

open
The
126 feet square
terrace
upper
The
third being that of the dome.

seem

them

feel the

to

the

mortuary

circumstance

king, Mahomed

of 28

facade

has the courage

the

behind

for

December

double

on

and

centred

have

must

for hot, cold and

who

one

From

odour of bats.
penetrating
bodies were
conveyed in all the pomp
to their last resting place,leaving
It is impossible not
mourning hues.
face the

to

which

platform on

of the

Quli

was

the

king

who

founded

Haidarabad

(see

13).

page
J.

little monument

simple

remains

covers

of the founder

was
assassinated
dynasty,Sultan Quli Qutb Shah,
black
The
tomb
1543.
stone
has
7 plinths,
011
September
the
inscribed
sides
with
of
which
the
are
along
some
Shiite
of Faith, the Aiyat-i-Kursi or Throne
Dar'ud
Confession
or
Verse, and the Sadaka, Alia, all extracts from the Quran.
The

who

of the

the 4th

record of the death

is inscribed

at the

head

and

the foot

on

three

remark
that the style of
plinths. In this connection we may
of
the
in
is either Naskfi
the
inscriptions
majority
writing
but
there
are
some
(Arabic) or
Tughra,
examples of Nastaliq
the Kufi style is to be seen
and in one
case
(Persian)script,

(see page
There
the

4).
are

also

two

graves

together

and

one

small

one

at

foot.

plinth,there
of dependents,
probably
Out

side,

on

the

are

21

uuinseribed

graves

PLATE

X,

a
n

I
8"
O

54
We

have
of

reminders

dynasty

There

ago.

is

has

variety,scenes

of

these

rising

silent and
about

witnessed
and
grace
enshrouded

domes

from

solemn

300

yeans

grandeur in

solemn
a
quiet tranquility,

necropolis.It
Once

survey of these
which
passed away

completedour

pentecostalin

scenes

of

charm,

grief
in

the, dead

and

this
their

remorse.

great splendour,

of

palm and. cypress; and

the departed was
ottered

an
boskages
many
of
the
spirits
up by
distributed at
needy poor, for accordingto Tavernier food was
the tombs
When
every evening at 4 o'clock.
you wish to see
something reallybeautiful,"he says, you should go to these
from
tombs
the day of a festival,for then
on
morning to
evening,they are covered with rich carpets."

orison

the

to

"

"

The

bef an

luxury of former
with
Aurangzeb

officers in

fort,and

and

since then

of utter
them.

1687

who

used

mounted

these

guns
monuments

disappeared.The
them
on

quarters for his

as

them

have

cleelinu

to

command

the

passed through agen

solidityhas preserved
Salar Jung I to arrest the
was
of decay to some
the vegetaextent
tion
by clearingaway
wall
around
the
and
out
a
laying
grounds
building
neglect. Nothing

It

progress
and

has

days

the

but

good work

their

of Sir

them.
But

there still remains

'breathes

night wind that

stretch lazilyout to meet

in

the

plainswhich
the passage

that

proud dynasty

over
sweeps
the mountains

the
and

of centuries.

PRINTED
OAZiMTE

spiritof

AND

PUBLISHED

'

AT

THE

CIVIL

AND

MILITARY

"

PRESS,

LAHORE,

BY,

EDWIN

HAWARD,

MANAGER,

it

dusky
deny