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Key Terms:
a) Acceleration ( a , aavg )
Describes how much an objects velocity changes in a certain time
Study of changing velocity (speed and direction changing)
Vector requires a number and a direction
Acceleration = change in velocity
elapsed time
Constant Acceleration: change in velocity in equal amounts in equal intervals
of time
Average Acceleration: used to describe acceleration when the velocity changes in
a non-uniform way.
aavg = v2-v1
t2-t1
b) Acceleration Due to Gravity ( ag )
Acceleration due to gravity = 2(result in displacement)
c) Displacement ( d )
Describes how much an objects position has changed
Vector requires a number and a direction
d) Distance ( d )
Measures the total length of a journey along every twist and turn
e) Speed ( v )
How fast something is moving
f) Velocity ( v )
Describes the speed and direction of motion
Vector requires a number and a direction
Constant Velocity: constant speed in a constant direction or equal distances
covered in equal time intervals
Instantaneous Velocity: How fast and in what direction you are traveling at a
certain instant in time. Measured by looking at the slope of the tangent in a
displacement vs. time graph.
Average Velocity (vav): change in position or the displacement over elapsed
time.
Average velocity = displacement
elapsed time
Position-Time Graphs:
Constant speed
!
Constant
pos.
time
pos.
pos.
time
A horizontal
time
Speeding up in
pos.
pos.
time
Traveling in
time
Speeding up in
!
time
pos.
pos.
Changing Speed: curved segments on a P-T graph mean the objects speed is changing
Traveling in
time
Practice Example:
The object is moving back and forth along a straight path. Can you describe its movement based
on the graph?
position
N
time
S
!
Velocity-Time Graphs:
Horizontal Line: this means constant velocity
Object is moving at a
constant velocity South
tim
velocit
velocit
tim
Object is moving at a
constant velocity North.
!
time
velocity
velocity
Positive velocity
!
time
Negative velocity
and positive
time
velocity
velocity
Positive velocity
time
Negative velocity
and negative
Equation 1
Equation 2
Equation 3
Equation 4
Equation 5