SEMESTER PENDEK

BAHASA INGGRIS

OLEH

RATIH PUSPITANINGRUM

21020111130094

APRILIA MULYANTI

21020111130100

DOSEN PEMBIMBING:
SUKAWI, S.T., M.T.

JURUSAN ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
2014

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Portable Fire Extinguisher for Dense Settlements in Semarang

Housing get ranks the highest in terms of fire activity in Indonesia. Fires of this type,
generally cause a lot of harm to the occupants even resulted in fatalities. Fire is a
phenomenon that is a scourge for the citizens of the city of Semarang, not only in the dry
season but also during the rainy season . Fire prevention facilities in densely populated
settlements still minimal. Most areas with houses huddled still left without adequate fire
suppression equipment.
Judging from the data event of a fire, the city of Semarang is a city prone to fires. The
frequency of fires in Semarang reached more than 100 cases per year and reached its peak in
2005, reaching 271 cases. Usually entering the dry season fire frequency in Semarang and
surrounding areas is increasing. Semarang City in 2007-2011 fires occurred in 1071, of the
324 cases which occurred in the settlement area. The high fires, most caused by human error.
(Kompas, 14/4/2012)
The main cause of the fire was electrical short circuiting 39.4 % , 20 % kerosene
stoves and lamps paste 9 % . Most fires occur in residential buildings 65.8 % then followed
by building shopping malls and stores 9.3 % , further industrial buildings ( 7.2 % ) and
shopping ( 6.5 % ). (Suprapto , 1998 & 2008)
Fire risk factors in housing design and settlement by Manlian R (2007 ) and Ida Bagus
( 2005) is : Active Risk Protection Building, is a set of systems that are added to the building
in order to prevent and mitigate the risk of fire that can occur. Risk Protection Passive
Building, is one of the risk factors inherent in building fires that resulted in the building are
not able to anticipate fire. Safety Risk Management environment, maximizing the entire
building occupants and the environment 's role in anticipating and tackling a fire hazard .
According to the data of Semarang City Fire Department, officers can be deployed
only about 74 troops with the fleet ready to go whenever there is a report of fire at 23 fleet.
For the ideal number of personnel who are divided into three shifts, one shift standby as two
teams that each team numbered about 20 people. ideally every vehicle there are 6 firefighters.
When calculated in accordance with the ideal amount, Semarang still need as much 406
troops on standby to tackle the fires often occur in Semarang both small and large scale.
(Tribun Jateng, 30/6/2013)

Settlement in Hometown

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Based on Fiska Ys research ( 2012), Quickbird satellite imagery can be used to tap
the flammability of physical parameters with an average accuracy of 85.8 %. Fire potential
highest in Semarang is Southern Semarang District 109.66 ha ( 6.47% ), Middle Semarang
District 98.68 ha ( 5.82 % ) and East Semarang District of 117.591 ha ( 6.94% ). Settlement
areas that are prone to fire hazards are typical, physical condition of the building is solid,
irregular layout, and the low quality of the building, coupled with the lack of fire-fighting
facilities.
Environment conditions, access to the residential neighborhood streets are very
narrow and hometown grow organically and not organized. Can only be bypassed by users of
two-wheeled motor vehicle. Even some places have to walk through the steps and can be
skipped if the motor ran in the street, one user must stop and allow other users to pass first.
Because of the dense population, the location of the homes of residents also coincide. The
distance between the homes of about 80 cm, or even none at all distances. Lines smaller to fit
into the housing is a small road about 2 meters wide pavement plastered with cement or
paved with asphalt.
Building conditions, quality house with a more diverse variety of shapes and diverse
building materials. Building materials are widely used in residential homes in the city is the
hometown of solid brick, bamboo, and wood. The distance between the houses are close,
where the walls of the house as well as a building wall.

Picture 1. Environmental Access Road at Solid Settlements Semarang City

Source : Authors Document, 2013

There are several issues that arise when linking the fire protection system with road
conditions as one of the elements of the existing transportation at the hometown. These
problems are identified as follows:
1) The absence of road infrastructure specifically for firefighting vehicles that function
specifically for direct access to the location of the water source.

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2) The road width in a few locations that are considered vulnerable, have not adequate to
ensure the smooth flow of fire engines to the fire location.
3) The some roads quality, especially the environment way when viewed from
conrtuction strength aspect is inadequate.
4) The absence of pavement layers (hard standing) and entering access (access way) for
a pathway of fire trucks in residential buildings that have a high fire risk.
Launching of Alert Fire Solid Settlement
Related high rates of fire, compulsory for every village has Satlakar (Satuan Relawan
Kebakaran) in order to enable its members to the prevention of fires. Satlakar formation in
each village apart in charge of securing the environment is also equipped with fire fighting
skills by the Fire Department is equipped with portable fire extinguishers that are mobile. The
existence of very helpful volunteer firefighter firefighting especially in dense settlements.
Moreover, the number of personnel and fire engines in Semarang are still below the ideal
number.
Access point planning, prevention efforts to anticipate in the face of fire with solid
citizen housing conditions with limited access driveway environment that does not allow fire
truck access. Based on existing standards, Damkar driveway with a minimum width of 4
meters has a radius of 6 meters turnover. It is not owned by the village settlements in this city
so the trip will be hampered in the officers put out the fire. For a system that attempts a small
fire extinguisher (portable) so that it can access the narrow alley.
This simple fire extinguishers which can later be used for the community surrounding
villages to be able to quickly fire fighting, as some neighborhoods in the city is very densely
populated villages. Portable fire extinguisher is designed to use a diesel engine coupled with
a capacity of 225 liters of spray apparatus for fire anticipation. In the event of a fire with a
narrow road conditions and not allow to big tool into the village then it becomes a very
effective tool for rapid rescue response in order to avoid unwanted things happen.
Limited access to incoming fire truck, hydrant number and siamese limited,
encouraging to make innovation fire extinguisher which practical and accessible entry into
the densely populated city of the village. For that, there needs to be a portable fire
extinguisher, a fire extinguisher innovation which consists of water tank, hoses and pumps
for pumping water in the reservoir was placed in a cart that can be drawn human and twowheeled vehicles.

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Picture 2. Portable Fire Extinguisher Design for Dense Settlements

Sumber : Autors Document, 2013

Open space, in neighborhoods, in each RW usually contained an open area that

functioned as the field of sports or sometimes for performing and day-to-day also used as a
parking lot together. Review of aspects of fire rescue, this field can be used as an evacuation
site in case of fire disaster. This is certainly feasible and safe enough to be used as a
temporary shelter for residents and their belongings.
Conclusion
To create a new understanding for stakeholders to prevent the risk of fire in the
settlements, can be generated with new understanding of the performance-based design
(performance based design) residential building to the hometown of a very dense and access
the course. In the study of the risk of fire, in the end there are two important things that is
understanding of environment and building design such as access roads and the condition of
the building, and understanding of the potential risks to the fire that may occur. If both of
these things considered, the potential for fires in densely populated residential building will
be reduced.

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The design concept of safety against fire is holistic in housing and settlements in
Semarang, the residents are required to recognize the potential for catastrophic fires so there
was anticipation and steps that can be taken when the disaster occurred, this the evacuation
point and this path extinguishers. Satlakar formation in each village apart in charge of
securing the environment is also equipped with fire fighting skills by the Fire Department is
equipped with portable fire extinguishers that are mobile.
Bibliography
Ida Bagus GWM, 2005, Kajian Penanggulangan Bahaya Kebakaran pada Perumahan,
Jurnal Permukiman Natah, vol 3 no 1 Februari 2005
Fiska Yanuar, 2012. Pemanfaatan Teknik Pengideraan Jauh Untuk Pemetaan Tingkat
Kerawanan Kebakaran Permukiman (Studi Kasus Bagian Wilayah Kota I Kota
Semarang). Skripsi, Jurusan Geografi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Semarang.
Manlian Ronald, 2007, Desain Keselamatan Terhadap Risiko Kebakaran (Fire Safety
Environment Area) Pada Lingkungan Perumahan & Permukiman, Proseding Seminar Fire
in City, Jakarta
Suprapto, 1998. Sistem Proteksi Pasif (Passive Fire Protection Systems), Bandung: Pusat
Litbang Pemukiman.
Suprapto 2008 Tinjauan SNI Proteksi Kebakaran Dan Penerapannya Dalam Mendukung
Implementasi Peraturan Bangunan , prosiding PPIS Bandung
Aturan Pemerintah :
Keputusan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 11/KPTS/2000 tentang Ketentuan Teknis
Manajemen Penanggulangan Kebakaran di Perkotaan
Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No. 20/PRT/M/2009 tentang Pedoman Teknis
Manajemen Proteksi Kebakaran di Perkotaan