Chng 1:

Chng 1.Gii

thiu chung

1.1.Gii thiu chng trnh

Nova -TDN - Chng trnh thit k ng b c thc hin
trn nn AutoCAD Release 14 vi ngn ng lp trnh Visual C++.
Nova -TDN l sn phm lin kt gia Cng ty Hi Ho v Hng
ViaNova ca Nauy.
Vi Nova -TDN c th thc hin cng tc thit k t d n
tin kh thi ti thit k k thut.
S dng Nova -TDN tht n gin nhng li cho
kt qu
rt chi tit hon ton ph hp vi tiu chun Vit Nam v thit k
ng b v c th thit k theo tiu chun AASHTO.
Cc chc nng chnh ca chng trnh:
Nhp s liu kho st.
V mt bng hin trng v thit k bnh tuyn.
Thit k trc dc,trc ngang.
Tnh ton v lp bng khi lng o p.
V ng bnh , dng phi cnh mt ng cng cnh
quan a hnh v to hot cnh 3D.
1.1.1.Nhp s liu thit k
Nhp s liu thit k nhm mc ch xy dng M hnh
a hnh dng cho cc bc thit k tip theo. M hnh a
hnh c th c xy dng t:
Cc ng ng mc, cc im o ca bn a
hnh c s ho thnh bn v AutoCAD
Cc im o t my d ton c in t hoc ghi s
o t my o quang c.
S liu o trc dc, trc ngang.
Trn c s cc im o vi Nova-TDN, NSD s xy dng c
m hnh li b mt t nhin v v ng ng mc. y l m
hnh a hnh s 3D cho php ni suy to (x, y, h) ca bt
k im no nm trong m hnh li.
1.1.2.V mt bng hin trng v thit k bnh
tuyn
T s liu o c th th hin c mt bng hin trng ca
khu vc.
Trn c s m hnh a hnh nhp c th tin hnh
vch cc ng tim tuyn khc nhau ca con ng cn thit k
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

nhm chn c cc phng n ti u hoc l thit k nhiu tuyn

cng mt lc- nht l trong thit k tin kh thi. Nova -TDN t
ng pht sinh hoc chn cc cc v cc im mia theo yu cu.
Cc s liu c t ng cp nht, cho php hiu chnh mt
cch d dng hoc b sung thm cho ph hp vi s liu a
hnh thc t. Nova -TDN cho php thit k cc ng cong
chuyn tip hoc khng chuyn tip c siu cao hoc khng c
siu cao. Nu c siu cao th trong on dc 1 mi tim quay
l tm cc hoc mp ngoi phn xe chy hoc mp l phn
bng khi cha m rng. ng thi thun tin cho NSD,
Nova_TDN cho php nhp mi v tra cc tiu chun thit k ng cong v siu cao.
Kt xut cc kt qu phc v cho vic xc nh tuyn
ngoi hin trng.
1.1.3.Thit k trc dc, trc ngang
Trong trng hp tuyn di nhiu cy s Nova -TDN cho
php tch trc dc ra nhiu on khc nhau trong cng 1 bn v.
Mu biu bng trc dc v trc ngang c th tu thay i
cho ph hp vi bng biu ca c quan hoc theo yu cu ca
nhim v thit k. Trc ngang c th sp xp cho va kh
giy cn xut ra v c th chn chc nng in nhiu trang ct
ngang thit k chun m khai bo cho tuyn.
.
Nova -TDN cho php thit k 3 phng n ng nhm
chn ra phng n ti u theo khi lng o p, c tnh ton s
b theo mu ct ngang thit k chun khi khai bo cc thng s
thit k tuyn.
i vi ng trong ni th Nova -TDN cho php thit k
cc ging thu nc, cao y cng ngm.
Trn trc dc Nova -TDN cho php nhp b dy ca cc
lp a cht da vo chng c th tnh ton khi lng o ca
tng lp.
Trn trc ngang mt ct s c t ng xc nh theo
dc siu cao v m rng l nu ct ngang nm trong on c b
tr siu cao v c m rng. Cc cao ct ngang s bm theo
cc cao thit k ca tng phng n. Vic thay i phng
n ng cc mt ct thit k trc ngang s t ng thay
i theo ph hp vi cao ca phng n ng hin hnh.
Trong mt s trng hp c bit nh:
luy c dt cp, l
hoc mt ng khng khai bo c theo tiu chun Nova_TDN
cho php thit k mt ng, l,
luy bng cc ng Polyline

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

ca AutoCAD sau nh ngha thnh cc i tng tng ng

ca Nova_TDN ri copy cho cc mt ct ngang khc.
1.1.4.Tnh ton v lp khi lng o p
Nu thit k theo TCVN Nova -TDN s xc nh cho
gn
70 loi din tch. Trn c s cc loi din tch ny ngi s dng
c th t hp li bng cch xy dng cc cng thc tnh sao cho
ph hp vi yu cu din tch cn kt xut, ghi chng ln tng
trc ngang. Sau khi in cc loi din tch trn cc trc ngang
v qua qu trnh vi chnh Nova_TDN cho php t ng lp
bng tng hp khi lng o p.
1.1.5.V ng bnh v dng phi cnh mt ng cng cnh quan a hnh
Nova -TDN cho php th th hin ng ng mc ca
m hnh thit k im. Dng phi cnh mt ng thit k v
b mt t nhin cng cnh quan hin trng, to hot cnh. M
duyn ny thng dng khi thit k v trnh duyt d n tin kh
thi.

1.2.Yu cu cu hnh v ci t
1.2.1.Yu cu cu hnh
Nova -TDN chy tt i hi phn cng ca PC:
My Pentium II 600 MHz tr ln
128MB RAM tr ln
Mn hnh ph hp vi cng tc thit k, tt nht l 17 tr
ln
1.2.2.Ci t
Nova -TDN gm c:
a CD - ROM ci t
Kho cng
Ti liu hng dn trong a CD-ROM dng File *.PDF
( Format dng Adobe Acrobat )
Cch ci t:
Vic ci t chng trnh Nova -TDN c th tin hnh
theo cc bc sau :
- Ci t AutoCAD R14 ln trn my tnh v chy th trc.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

- Copy cc a ci t ca chng trnh vo trong my (

to th mc ring v th mc cho tng a DISK1, DISK2,.. lu
ton b chng trnh ).
- S dng S rt\Run\<Tn th mc lu CT>\DISK1\Setup.exe
- Thc hin cc ch dn ca chng trnh Setup cho n
khi kt thc.
Lu : - Trc khi ci t cm kho cng vo my.
- Sau khi ci t xong nh khi ng li my.
- Sau khi ci t hon thnh trong Programs s xut hin
Group : Thit k ng b v trong c biu tng ca ACAD14
km theo tn Nova -TDN. Mun khi ng chng trnh phi chy t
y, vic chy chng trnh t biu tng AutoCAD R14 bnh thng
s khng c tc dng.
- Khi chy chng trnh, MENU ca n c t ng ti ln
gm a hnh, Bnh , TD - TN, Ph tr. Trong trng hp khng
thy xut hin MENU th dng nhc nhp lnh : Command :
NOVATDN chng trnh t ng ti MENU ln.
- V ting Vit trong chng trnh :
+ Nu trn MENU khng xut hin ting Vit th thc hin
nh sau : Copy cc File : SSERIFE.FON, VGASYS.FON, VGAFIX.FON t
th mc ABC vo th mc FONTS trong Windows ( Thc hin cc thao
tc trn ngoi mi trng DOS ).
+ Nu trn dng nhc khng xut hin ting Vit th chn
la nh sau :
Chn chc nng : Tools\Preferences\Display\Fonts

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

Hnh 1-. chn Font

* Tip sau chn Fonts theo hp hi thoi Hnh 1 - :

Hnh 1-. Chn kiu text

Sau khi chn xong bm phm OK ri Apply chp nhn s
thay i .

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

1.3. Cc khi nim c bn

1.3.1.n v v v t l
Trong bn v AutoCAD Nova -TDN quan nim 1 n v v tng ng vi 1 n v tnh ngoi thc a. Sau khi khai bo t
l v ph hp Nova -TDN s t ng xc nh kch thc chiu
cao ch trong bn v sao cho khi xut bn v ra giy s c chiu
cao ch theo khai bo. Do vy khi in bn v ra giy yu cu phi
tnh li t l n ph hp vi t l khai bo. V d t l bn v
trc ngang l 1:200 vi 1 n v v l 1m th khi xut ra giy
1mm in ra ng vi 200/1000=0.2 n v v. Hay ni cch khc l
1 n v v tng ng vi 5mm ngoi giy.
Lu : Nu c 1 bn v bnh c sn vi t l 1/2000 sau
khi Digitizer vo s c 1 n v v ng vi 2m ngoi thc a.
cho ph hp vi yu cu ca Nova -TDN phi dng lnh Scale
tng kch thc cc ng ng mc ln 2 ln cho 1 n
v v s ng vi 1 n v thc a.
Cc gi tr gc nhp trong Nova -TDN theo : pht : giy.
Phn bit gia chng bng du :. V d cn nhp gc
1231532 a vo nh sau: 123:15:32. Ring nhp s liu tuyn
c th nhp gc theo tu chn sau:
- Theo AutoCAD Vd:123d1532
- Theo du chm Vd: 123. 15.32
- Theo du cch Vd: 123 15 32

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

1.3.2.H to

Y
WCS

X
Hto gi nh
Gc h ng bc

0,0

X
Y

Hnh 1-. H to trong Nova -TDN

Trong Nova -TDN phn bit 2 h to :
1. H to ca bn v AutoCAD bao gm:

H to WCS (World Coordinate System) - H to

chung ca bn v AutoCAD

H to UCS (User Coordinate System) - h to

do ngi s dng t nh ngha.

Gc c gi tr + c chiu ngc chiu quay kim

ng h
2. H to gi nh
Gc c gi tr + c chiu cng chiu quay kim ng
h
Trc OX lun trng vi hng bc
Trc OY lun trng vi hng ng
H to gi nh (HTG) l h to do ngi thit k
qui nh cho ph hp vi vng o v sao cho cc to a
vo u mang gi tr dng.V tr ca HTG c xc nh bi
gc 0,0 ca h to WCS ca AutoCAD m ti gi tr X v Y
ca HTG c th khc 0 v gc hng bc ca n. Gc hng bc
l gc xc nh gia trc to X ca h to WCS v trc X
ca HTG, xem Hnh 1 -.
Ni chung Nova -TDN u tin s dng h to WCS trong
vic in cc gi tr do cn phi lu khi xc nh gc hng
bc ca HTG sao cho vi gc hng bc bn v bnh c
b tr nm ngang theo h to WCS. Gi tr X v Y ca HTG
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

ti gc 0,0 ca WCS phi ln sao cho gi tr X v Y ca WCS

trong qu trnh thit l khng qu ln, thng thng
ly theo
mc quc gia gn nht.
1.3.3.Cc im t my
Nhng im t my thng l nhng im ng truyn
c tin hnh bnh sai. L nhng im ti t my
xc nh cao cc im o ca a hnh t nhin.
1.3.4.im cao trnh
im cao trnh l im trn a hnh t nhin m to
X, Y v Z ca n c o bng cc phng php khc nhau. Tp hp
cc im cao trnh t nhin l c s cho xy dng m
hnh a hnh phc v cho cng tc thit k. Mt im cao
trnh bao gm cc tham s:
To X, Y v Z (cao ): Xc nh v tr ca im
Ghi ch: Dng t tn im m sau ny c th ni
cc im c cng Ghi ch vi nhau.
S hiu vt: Tng ng vi 1 s hiu trong Th vin vt
a hnh v dng th hin trn mt bng v phi
cnh ca a vt t nhin.
Ch s : S th t ca im c t ng nh tng
dn. Th t ni cc im cao trnh theo chiu tng dn
ca Ch s.

1.4. Cu trc chng trnh

1.4.1.Menu Nova -TDN
Nova -TDN bao gm 140 lnh m rng c chia ra lm 3
nhm v b tr dn tri trn 4 Menu dc ca AutoCAD:

Nova-TDN

1.4.2.Menu a hnh
Khai bo cc s liu ban u.
Nhp cc im t my v cc im cao trnh.
Nhp bn v ng bnh .
Nhp trc dc v trc ngang.

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

Hnh 1-. Menu a hnh

Hiu chnh v in ni cc im cao trnh.

Hnh 1-. Menu Bnh

1.4.3. Menu Bnh
Vch tuyn v pht sinh cc.
V bnh tuyn.
Dng phi cnh v to hot cnh.
1.4.4. Menu Trc dc v Trc ngang
V trc dc, trc ngang t nhin.
Thit k trc dc, trc ngang ca tuyn ng.
Tnh ton khi lng o p v lp bng tng hp khi lng.
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

Chng 1:

V trc ngang cng v bn v chi tit cng.

Hnh 1-. Menu Trc dc - Trc ngang

1.4.5. Menu Ph tr
Bao gm cc lnh hiu chnh bng v cc lnh tr gip cho
qu trnh thit k.

Hnh 1-. Menu Ph tr

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

10

Chng 1:

1.4.6.Bng tn lnh
Danh mc
1.Menu a hnh
Ci t cc thng s ban u
Khai bo
H To Gi nh ...
in k hiu hng bc
To li khng ch mt bng
Chuyn sang H to Gi nh
nh ngha trm my
To m hnh im ...
Chuyn i my ton c in t
Xut cao theo TEXT
To im cao trnh t tp s liu
To cc im cao trnh
To im cao trnh t s o
To a hnh nh
Hiu chnh ...
Hiu chnh cao trnh
Bt/Tt im cao trnh trong c s
d liu
in v ni cc im cao trnh
Bt cc im cao trnh trong bn v
Tt cc im cao trnh trong bn v
Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp
Nhp ng ng mc
nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng
mp
Nhp s liu theo TCVN
Th vin vt a hnh
Dng phi cnh a vt
2.Menu Bnh
Tu chn
Khai bo v thay i tuyn thit k
Xy dng li d liu tuyn t bn v
Khai bo ...
Khai mu bng trc dc v trc
ngang
Khai bo vt bn+hu c
Khai bo cc lp o ng theo TCVN
V tuyn theo TCVN ....
Nova-TDN

Tn lnh

Hng dn s dng

NS
KBNDH
HB
LUOI
TDDL
NM
CVDT
CDTEXT
DTEP
NT
NDD
NHA
HCCT
BTCD
CDT
BCD
TCD
XCD
NDM
DNDM
NSL
TVDH
PCDV
TCH
CS
RL
BB
KBVB
KBK

11

Chng 1:

V tuyn theo TCVN

To im cao trnh t trc ngang
Chuyn i tp s liu
Xy dng m hnh li b mt
V ng ng mc
Danh mc
Tra cu cao t nhin
Khai bo gc tuyn
nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn
B tr ng cong v siu cao
Chnh l trnh c v mi
Thay i v tr tuyn
Cc trn tuyn ...
Pht sinh cc
Chn cc mi
Xc nh khong lch cc so vi
tuyn
Xc nh li s liu mia
Xo tuyn hoc cc
Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia
Tra cu s liu cc
Xut bng to cc
V mt bng tuyn ...
Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong
v trc ngang chun
Mt bng tuyn t trc ngang
in yu t cong
in tn cc trn tuyn
in cao cc
Xut bng cm cong
Bng yu t cong
Xut s liu cc on cong
Tra v in k hiu l trnh
Tra l trnh
Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k
V li b mt t nhin
To hot cnh ...
Th hin m hnh
Chn li Layer s lm vic
To m hnh theo cc layer chn
Chy theo hnh trnh
To b mt mi
Xem, sa b mt
Nova-TDN

T
DCD
CVERT
LTG
DM
Tn lnh
CDTN
GT
DMB
CN
OLDS
DT

Hng dn s dng

PSC
CC
KD
PSL
XOA
SSL
TCC
TDC
BTC
BT
YTC
DTC
DCDC
BCC
BYTC
SLC
DLT
TLT
PC
CED
GLVIEW
GLSET
GLDO
GLPLAY
ACNEW
ACEDIT
12

Chng 1:

To b mt theo cc Layer chn

To m hnh t cc b mt
nh ngha
3.Trc dc v trc ngang
Trc dc t nhin ...
Trc dc t nhin
Lp a cht
Thay i mc so snh
in mc so snh
Danh mc
Thay bng trc dc
H to trc dc
Thit k trc dc ...
Phng n ng hin hnh
Thit k trc dc
Nhn li cao thit k
nh ngha ng thit k v lp
a cht
ng cong ng
Cng trn
Cu
To ging thu nc
Hu cao thit k
Ni cao ng mt
in thit k
Tnh s b din tch o p
Trc ngang t nhin ...
V trc ngang t nhin
ng c
in mc so snh trc ngang t
nhin
V cc lp a cht trc ngang
Thit k trc ngang...
Thit k trc ngang
nh ngha thit k trc ngang
To a tuyn dc ti trc ngang
To luy
Ap cc lp o ng theo TCVN
in thit k trc ngang
Vt bn v hu c
T ng xc nh vt bn v hu
c
nh cp
Nova-TDN

ACDO
ACGL

TD
LDC
TSSTD
DSSTD
Tn lnh
TBTD
GTD

Hng dn s dng

PADD
DD
NCD
DNDD
CD
CONG
CAU
TGT
HCDTK
VDD
DTK
DTSB
TN
VDC
SSTN
DCTN
TKTN
DNTKTN
DTD
TL
APK
DTKTN
VB
VBTD
DC
13

Chng 1:

T ng xc nh nh cp
Tnh din tch ...
Tnh din tch
in gi tr din tch
Lp bng din tch
Lp bng t gi tr in
Hiu chnh trc ngang...
Copy cc i tng trc ngang
Xa thit k trc ngang
Dch nh thit k trc ngang
H to trc ngang
Thay bng trc ngang
Hin trc ngang theo tn
Danh mc

TDT
DDT
LBDT
LBGT
CTK
XTK
DTN
GTN
TBTN
HTN
Tn lnh

Cng...
Trc ngang cng trn
Cng trn
Cng bn
Cu to mng cng
Loi i tng khi Nova -TDN
Tra cu cc i tng ca Nova -TDN
Nova -TDN Help
About Nova -TDN
4.Ph tr
To v hiu chnh bng...
Hiu chnh bng
Tch bng
Trch bng
Thm bt hng ct bng
Copy cng thc, d liu bng
Pline
Pline theo dc
Ri luy
Kch thc
Sa Text
Xo i tng theo lp
Hiu chnh lp
Cn chnh cc cm kch thc
i co ch
Hiu chnh cc i tng Text
Hiu chnh cc i tng Attribute
Lm trn cc ng a tuyn bng
Nova-TDN

DCTD

TNCT
CTCT
CBCT
MONGC
LDT
TRA
AboutTDN

Hng dn s dng

THB
HCB
CHB
TRICHB
HHCB
CPB
PLTD
PLDD
RTL
KT
ET
XL
ELAY
EMD
DCCHU
EMT
EMA
LT
14

Chng 1:

lnh PEDIT
Lm trn a tuyn theo khong
phn
Lm trn a tuyn theo Spline
Mi tn lin tc
K hiu ct t
Th vin ngi dng

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

LTP
LTS
MT
CDUT
TV

15

Chng 2.

Khai bo s liu thit k

Chng 2.

Khai bo s liu thit k

2.1. Xy dng bn v nguyn sinh

Khi xy dng bn v nguyn sinh ngoi vic ci t cc
thng s cac AutoCAD cho ph hp vi bn v theo TCVN cn phi
khai bo thm:

Dng lnh UNITS t s ch s ly sau du chm

thp phn.

Khai bo cc kiu ch vi phng ch ting Vit cho:

-Kiu ch v kiu ch s cho phn bnh .
-Kiu ch phn tiu (Vnsimple) , kiu ch tn cc
(Vnsimple) v kiu ch s (Vnromanc) cho bn v trc dc
v trc ngang.
Nu khng c g c bit trong bn v nguyn sinh
s dng
mc Ci t cc thng s ban u ca Nova -TDN.
2.2. Khai bo mu bng biu
chn mu bng biu trnh by phn bng trc dc v trc
ngang
chn Khai mu bng trc dc v trc ngang nh trn
Hnh 2 -.
chn u Trc Dc hoc u Trc Ngang
khai bo mu biu bng cho ph hp. V d i vi u Trc
Dc:

Hnh 2-. Khai mu bng trc ngang

Cao ch : l chiu cao ch ngoi giy chung cho ton bng.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

16

Chng 2.

Khai bo s liu thit k

Kh.cch u: chiu di phn u ca bng c xc nh

bi di ca hng c phn m t di nht.

Mun thm 1 hng vo trong bng bm chut vo phn k ti

ct m t (bn phi hp thoi) s t ng thm mt hng vo pha
trn hng va chn ng thi xut hin s 0 trong ct SH (s hiu)
v None trong ct m t l None. Nu sau chn sang phn S
hiu ( bn tri hp thoi) v chn mc cn thit th khi to bng
trc dc Nova TDN s t ng in gi tr tng ng vo ng v
tr cc cc. Nu
khng chn phn S hiu th ti hng ny
trong bn v trc dc NSD phi t in cc thng s cn thit vo
dng ny trong bn v. M t cho php thay i phn in
dng m t ti u trc dc trong bn v. V d khi chn s hiu
ng vi Cao tim ng nhng phn m t
c th sa li l
Existing Elevation cho bn v ting Anh. Kh.Cch cho php
nh ngha chiu cao ca hng hng tng ng cn ch va
vo gia hai ng k bng.

Mun xo 1 hng bt k th bm chut vo hng ri n

phm Del. xo.

Chn cc kiu ch cho phn Tiu , Tn cc v Ch s.

Trong cc mc ny ch xut hin cc kiu ch c trong bn v hin
thi. Do trong bn v nguyn sinh phi khai bo trc nh ni
trn.
C th tu chn kiu ch cho bng trc dc- trc ngang
bng cch chn menu format > Text Style > chn kiu ch mi >
chn new (t tn cho kiu ch mi cn np) > close . sau
khai bo bng trc dc- trc ngang v chn li kiu ch.

Mu bng c th lu ra tp khi cn c th gi vo thnh

bng hin thi. Nova -TDN lun coi mu bng c gi ra ln cui l
hin thi.
Lu : Cn phi lu mu bng trc dc v trc ngang ra 2 tp
khc nhau.
Ring i vi u Trc Ngang ti mc Tn cc: v L
trnh: nu
c nhp k t
th trn
trc ngang vi tn cc l P4 ti l trnh 0.06905Km s xut hin ,
nu ti mt no
trng th s khng xut hin hng tng ng trn bn v. V d nu
khng mun in tn cc th
phn tn cc trng.
2.3. Khai bo trc ngang thit k
C th phi khai bo 2 loi mu trc ngang:
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

17

Chng 2.

Khai bo s liu thit k

Trc ngang chun c khai ti mc Khai bo v thay

i tuyn thit k l mu trc ngang s c dng tnh
ton siu cao, din tch o p s b v dng phi cnh tuyn
ng khi khng theo thit k trn trc ngang. N s c p dng
cho ton tuyn.

Trc ngang thit k p c th cho tng trc ngang c khai bo ti mc Thit k trc ngang, cc mu trc ngang ny
c th lu ra tp sau cn thit c th ly li.
Lu: Trong on tuyn thit k khi c cc n tuyn vi
chiu rng hoc cc thng s thit k khc nhau Nova_TDN cho
php khai bo v p trc ngang thit k cho tng on (t cc ...
ti cc...)
2.4. Khai bo cc lp o ng
Cc lp o ng m chiu dy ca chng tnh ton trc v lu
chng li di cc Tn khun khc nhau tin cho qu trnh s
dng. Chn mc Khai bo cc lp o ng. Vi mi loi khun c 3
mu khc nhau nh trn Hnh 2 -.

Khun trn nn c: ch c khi thit k ci to

Khun trn nn mi: khi thit k ng mi hoc l

phn cp thm khi thit k ci to.

Gia c l : cc lp o ti phn l ch c ngha khi

Chiu di (CD) gia c khc 0.

Hnh 2-. Khai cc lp o ng

Mun khai bo thm 1 lp bm chut vo dng di ca bng
sau nhp Tn lp v Cao lp ti cc tng ng pha trn. S
lp nhiu nht l 8. Cn xo dng no th chn dng l
hin thi v n phm Del.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

18

Chng 2.

Khai bo s liu thit k

2.5. Khai bo vt bn, vt hu c v b rng nh cp

Trc khi vt bn phi khai

bo vt bn, Trc khi nh vt
hu c phi khai bo vt
hu c nu khng Nova_TDN
s nhn nhm din tch gia
vt bn v vt hu c. Hnh
2Hnh 2-. Khai bo vt bn v nh cp

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

19

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Chng 3. Nhp s liu

M hnh a hnh dng tnh ton xc nh cao
im bt k trn m hnh t nhin trong Nova -TDN l m
hnh tam giac c xy dng da trn:
Cc cao im t nhin (im cao trnh)
Cc ng ng mc ca bn v bnh .
xy dng m hnh cn phi nhp cc s liu kho st
a hnh.
3.1. Th vin vt a hnh
Trc khi tin hnh nhp cc im cao trnh. Chng
phi
xy dng th vin a vt. Nova -TDN c sn mt s a
vt, tuy nhin c th b sung bng cch chn mc Th vin vt
a hnh.
Trc khi mun thm 1 a vt vo th vin phi v:
Hnh chiu ng ca vt (Hnh ny s c chn trn
trc ngang).
Hnh chiu bng ca vt (Hnh ny s c chn trn bn
v bnh ).
Hnh phi cnh ca vt (Hnh ny s c chn vo khi v
Dng phi cnh a vt ).
Hnh chiu bng c v vi kch thc nh
mun th hin n
ngoi giy vi qui nh 1 n v v=1mm ngoi giy. Sau
hnh s c chn vi t l cn thit.
Hnh chiu ng v Hnh phi cnh phi c v vi kch thc
thc vi qui nh 1 n v v = 1n v ngoi thc t.
Sau khi chn Th vin vt a hnh xut hin ca s nh trn
Hnh 3 -.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

20

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Hnh 3-. To th vin a vt

Hnh chiu ng ca vt l bt buc. Ch khi to th vin
hnh chiu ng
mi c th chn hnh chiu bng v hnh
phi cnh tng ng. Mun chn hoc thm th vin chn phm
hoc
tng ng. Sau s xut hin dng
nhc:
t Zoom khi chn i tng/Khi phc i tng: C/<im c s>: Yu
cu ch im c s l im gc ca qu trnh chn vt sau ny.
Tip theo:
im th nht : Ch im 1.
im th hai : Ch im 2.
im 1 v im 2 l vng ca s Window chn cc i tng to
thnh hnh chiu ca vt.
Mi vt sau khi c thm vo th vin s c t ng nh s hiu.
Sau ny khi nhp im cao trnh s hiu phi c nhp ng theo
S hiu trong Th vin vt a hnh.
3.2. H to gi nh
3.2.1.Khai bo H to gi nh
Trc khi vo nhp cc im cao trnh phi tin hnh khai
bo H to gi nh bao gm Gc hng bc v to ca
HTG ti gc 0,0 ca WCS bng cch chn mc Khai bo ca
Menu a hnh. V d nh trn Hnh 3 -. gc hng bc so vi
trc X ca WCS l 45 v to ca HTG ti gc 0,0 ca WCS l
326750,506900.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

21

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Hnh 3-. Khai bo h to ca HTG

Nu to c xc nh theo HTG th nn cho gi tr
to ca HTG ti gc 0,0 ca h WCS ca AutoCAD sao
cho vng v khng nm xa qu gc 0,0 ca h WCS -AutoCAD v
gc hng bc ca HTG. Gi tr ca gc hng bc c khai bo
sao cho bn v bnh s c v nm ngang theo WCS ca
AutoCAD trnh vic xoay bn v khi in, nu khng th cc
ch in trn bn v s khng nm ngang bi v lc in n
lun nm ngang vi WCS ca AutoCAD.
Tip theo
phi cho khong dch ca phi cnh vi gi tr
Del X v Del Y ln cho hnh phi cnh nm ra ngoi vng
ca bn v bnh nhm trnh vic chng cho hnh phi
cnh ln trn bn v bnh .
3.2.2.To li khng ch mt bng
Cc T to Theo chiu X v Theo chiu Y to ca
HTG Hnh 3 -, cn cho gi tr bc ri v s hng ri theo tng
chiu. Gi tr bc c th m cho php
ri trong cc cung
phn t khc nhau ca h to .

Hnh 3-. Ri li khng ch mt bng

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

22

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

3.3. Nhp cc im cao trnh t nhin

3.3.1.nh ngha trm my
Cc im t my sau khi tin hnh bnh sai
tin
hnh nhp vo bn v bng cch chn mc nh ngha trm my.
Nova -TDN cho php
t cc trm my chnh v my
ph.
1. t my chnh

Hnh 3-. Hp thoi t my chnh

Khi chn t my chnh ca s nhp nh trn Hnh 3 -.
To a vo c th l theo HTG hoc theo H to ca
AutoCAD. Trong trng hp nu
chn vo phm
s xut
hin dng nhc:
Ch im t my: 345.4,1256.4 To
a vo l
ca AutoCAD cho nn nu
ang chn HTG th Nova -TDN s
t ng chuyn n v HTG sau khi nhp.
Cao TN l cao t nhin ti im t my.
Sau khi nhp xong chn
v v tin hnh nhp
tip.
2. t my ph
Nu chn t my ph th ca s nhp s nh trn Hnh 3
-.
Khong cch c tnh t mc qui 0 ti im t my ph
tnh theo phng nm ngang.
Gc c xc nh bi hng qui 0 ca mc qui 0 v hng t
mc qui 0 ti im t my ph tnh theo chiu kim ng h.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

23

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Hnh 3-. t my ph
3.3.2.Chuyn i my ton c in t

Hnh 3- Chuyn i my ton c in t

Sau khi o c trc a bng my ton c in t,
Nova -TDN cho php chuyn i s liu to cc im
cao trnh khi thit k tuyn.
Trc khi chn Menu To cc im cao trnh t tp s
liu th hin cc im cao trnh trn bn v cn phi
chuyn i s liu o bng my ton c in t bng cch
chn Chuyn i my ton c in t. Khi xut hin
hp thoi nh Hnh 3 -.
Trc tin hy chn Loi my Khi xut hin danh sch
loi my ton c . c th chn mt trong cc loi my :
* Leica TC600/TC800 hoc Leica TPS 1000 . Sau
chn Loi 8 k t hoc Loi 16 k t .
* Nikkon DTM400-DTM700 .

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

24

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

File d liu xut t my Nikkon DTM400-DTM700 c

phn m rng l (*.RAW) dng y bao gm m my, s hiu
im, chiu cao b my, gc ng, gc nm, chiu di c
mia, ghi ch.
* S hiu to Nikkon (ENZ) .
File d liu xut t my Nikkon DTM400-DTM700 c
phn m rng l (*.ENZ) dng chuyn i sang to im
o bao gm s hiu im, to X, ta Y, cao Z, ghi
ch theo h to gi nh.
Tip theo chn Tp gc chn tp gc , khi
xut hin hp thoi OPEN,
chn tp s liu o bng my o
ton c in t cn chuyn i (tp c phn m rng .gsi).
cho my Leica; (*.700) hoc(*.RAW) cho my Nikkon; (*.ENZ)
cho dng thc chuyn i to . Sau chn ti Tp
ch chuyn n tp mi (t tn cho tp cn chuyn
n) ri chn open.
Khi tr li hp thoi Hnh 3 - bn hy chn chc nng
Convert .
Lu : Khi Convert nu dng thc file chuyn i
ng, chng trnh s thng bo s im cao trnh c
chuyn i. Nu thy thng bo 0 c ngha l file d liu
chuyn i t my ton c ra my tnh cha ph hp
chuyn sang Nova-TDN. (Tt nht bn chn chc nng chuyn
i dng to )
Tip theo chn chc nng V im, chng trnh s
thng bo s im v trn mn hnh.
Sau khi chuyn i xong hy chn Thot kt thc
cng vic chuyn i.
3.3.3.To im cao trnh t s o ton c
Chn mc To im cao trnh t s o nh trn Hnh 3 -.
Vi Gc nm tnh t mc qui 0 theo chiu kim ng h. Gc
ng tnh t phng thng ng. S xc nh cao
im cn nhp th hin trn Hnh 3 - v .
Sau khi nhp ht s liu im ca ao
bm vo
tin hnh ni thnh 1 ng a tuyn th hin ao v danh
sch im s c tnh t u khi bt u vo lnh hoc t
thi im chn vo
. Nu phm
c nh du
th a tuyn s c khp kn. Chn phm
s xut hin

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

25

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Th vin vt a hnh cho php

nu khng nh.

chn s hiu vt a hnh

Hnh 3-. Nhp cc im ton c

i
m cn nhp
Gc nm

Mc qui 0

Mc my

Hnh 3-. Hnh chiu bng nhp im

Gc ng=92d30'

Chiu cao my

Chiu di c mia=23.4

Chiu cao mia=1.35

Hnh 3-. Hnh chiu ng

- Nhp theo ghi s o kiu di c mia: khi cn nhp cc
thng s sau:
Gc ng, gc nm, cao mia (m) v di c mia (m)
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

26

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Cng thc tnh:

Cng thc tnh cao v khong cch nm ngang:
- Chiu di :

SAB = k.n.cos Vpl

Di
c
- Chiu cao:
mia
H = S.tgV+i l
Trong :
SAB
L chiu di
Di xin
nm ngang gia hai
im A,B
i Chiu cao my
l Chiu cao mia
o theo kiu 3 dy
V Gc gia tia
ngm (ch gia) v phng nm ngang
3.3.4.To a hnh nh
T s o ton c trch ra phn cc im gc nh v s
dng To a hnh nh v v sau ny c th dng phi cnh
nh hin trng nh chc nng Dng phi cnh a vt. Mt
bng nh c to bi 4 im, trong qu trnh nhp
c th
nhp c 4 im hoc 3 im hoc s dng cc im ca cc
nh c nhp trc. Trn Hnh 3 - l hp hi thoi nhp s liu
to gc nh.

Hnh 3-. Nhp to gc nh

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

27

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Phn nhp s liu t s o tng t phn To im cao

trnh t s o. Ngoi ra
c th nhp im bng cch ch
im trn bn v khi s dng phm
. Mun to im
trong bn v dng phm
. Sau khi c 3 hoc 4 im
c to bm vo phm
to nh. Nu ch c 3 im
nu
to nh th im th 4 s c t ng xc nh theo
nguyn tc hnh bnh hnh cho nn c th to c nh
theo v tr mong mun dng phm
chn v tr cho
thch hp.
Vi phm
c th chn 1 nh c to trong bn v
nhm mc ch s dng cc im gc ca n xc nh to
ca nh cn nhp. cng c th chn 1 nh trong danh sch
Nh nhp. Ti cc nh ca nh c chn s xut hin cc k
hiu P1,P2,P3 v P4 v nh du cc nh tng ng trn Hp
hi thoi hnh 6.10 nhm mc ch chn cc nh ny to
nh mi.
3.3.5.Nhp cc im cao trnh t tp
Cu trc tp *.TXT gm c 4 ct sp xp theo th t:
Ct tn im (tng ng vi mc Ghi ch ca cc phn
nhp im c ni trn).
To X
To Y
Cao Z ca im
Ngoi ra nu cn cc ct sau th ni dung ca cc ct
ny s khng c c vo. Mu tp s liu c th xem trong tp
ToanDacDT.TXT. Sau khi chn tp s xut hin ca s nh Hnh
3 - yu cu
chn h to ca s liu. Nu chn H to
AutoCAD th s theo h to hin thi ca bn v. Mun thc
hin lnh chn mc To im cao trnh t tp s liu.

Hnh 3-. Chn h to

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

28

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Lu : i vi cc my ton c in t khc nhau cn phi

chuyn i s liu sao cho ph hp vi dng tp va cp
trn.
3.3.6.To cc im cao trnh
cn 1 cch khc nhp cc im cao trnh l chn
To cc im cao trnh. Nh trn Error: Reference source not
found c th nhp to im theo:
To ca HTG hoc To tuyt i ca AutoCAD
(To hin thi). Lc ny
phi cho to X v Y ca
im.
Nu trong h to cc cn nhp Khong cch v Gc
theo trc X ca h to .
Nu ang chn
hoc
th
c th thay i H to hin thi bng cch chn vo phm
. Xut hin dng nhc Select Object: yu cu
chn
i tng LINE hoc PLINE ca bn v nh ngha h to
vi gc to l im u hoc cui ca chng m gn v tr
chn i tng nht v hng trc X ti im cn li ca LINE hoc
nh gn im gc ca PLINE. Nu chn vo cc th gc to
s l tim cc.
Khi
c th ch im theo to
AutoCAD bng cch chn

Hnh 3-. To cc im cao trnh

3.3.7.Hiu chnh cc im cao trnh
Cho php
thay i cc thuc tnh ca im cao trnh.
Trng hp nu im cao trnh c gi tr m th cao im
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

29

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

s khng c tnh ti trong trng hp Xy dng m hnh li b

mt mc d trong bn v vn c im . To X va Y dng
lnh AutoCAD thay i. Ca s hiu chnh xem Hnh 3 -.

Hnh 3-. Hiu chnh im cao trnh

3.3.8.Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh trong c s d
liu
S dng Bt hoc Tt cc im cao trnh trong c s
d liu thc cht l nhm loi cc cao trnh ca cng trnh
nhn o ra khi qu trnh Xy dng m hnh li b mt
cho vic v ng ng mc hoc l B mt t nhin ng vi
thc t.
u tin s xut hin dng nhc Select Objects: Yu cu
chn cc i tng cn hiu chnh.
Bng cch t hp 3 yu t: Ghi ch, Ch s v Cao c
th Bt hoc Tt cc im cao trnh tho mn iu kin cn
thit. Ca s Bt/Tt xem Hnh 3 - . Nu
c nh du
th cc cao trnh c chn s b loi khi bn v.

Hnh 3-. Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

30

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

3.4. Nhp ng ng mc
nhp ng ng mc t bn v bnh (bn )
chn Nhp ng ng mc. Sau khi nhp vo cao cc dng
nhc cho php v ng ng mc. C th cc dng nhc xem
mc Pline.

Hnh 3-. Nhp cao ng mc

3.5. nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng mp
3.5.1.nh ngha ng ng mc
Khi c sn 1 bn v bnh c nhp vo trc c th
c Cao Z hoc Z=0 vi iu kin cc ng ng mc c
th hin bng lnh PLINE hoc 3DPOLY chuyn sang dng
ng ng mc ca Nova -TDN
cn phi nh ngha ng
ng mc. Sau khi chn cc ng a tuyn s xut hin ca s
nh . Trong trng hp nh ngha ng ng mc nu
c nh du th cao ng ng mc s ly
theo cao Z ca i tng cn nu khng
phi nhp cao
vo v cc i tng c chn s c cng 1 cao .

Hnh 3-Hnh 3 -. nh ngha ng ng mc

3.5.2.nh ngha ng mp
Sau khi c m hnh t nhin di dng cc im cao
trnh in v ni cc im cao trnh ni cc ng cng ghi
ch nhm mc ch th hin cc ng mp ao, b knh, mp
ng ... tuy nhin sau ny dng chc nng Xy dng m hnh
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

31

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

li b mt v V li b mt t nhin
vn khng th m t c
l cc ng mp bi v cc im o trn ng mp qu
cch xa nhau do
cn phi s dng chc nng nh ngha
ng mp nhm pht sinh thm s im trn ng mp b
sung vo s liu o. S im ph thuc vo khong cch m
a vo nh Hnh 3 -.

Hnh 3-. nh ngha ng mp

Lu : Sau ny khi thit k tuyn c phn o cng phi
nh ngha cc ng mp luy ca tuyn ng va thit k
c to bi chc nng Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k bng chc
nng ny trc khi Xy dng m hnh li b mt nhm mc
ch v li b mt t nhin.
3.6. Nhp tuyn theo TCVN
Thc cht ca vic nhp tuyn theo TCVN chnh l nhp
cc im cao trnh nhng ph hp vi qu trnh o theo mt ct
ca tuyn.
3.6.1.Nhp s liu theo TCVN
Sau khi chn Nhp s liu theo TCVN s xut hin ca s nh
Hnh 3 -.
1.

Nhp trc dc :

-Ti ct Tn cc cn lu : cc cc T (hoc TD), P v TC phi

c u tin nhp Nova -TDN c th phn bit c on cong.
Nu nhp Tn cc T1+H1 s l khng hp l.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

32

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Hnh 3-.Nhp s liu theo TCVN

Trong trng hp TC1 ca on cong u trng vi TD2 ca on
cong tip th vn phi nhp 2 cc TC1 v TD2 vi khong cch l
gia chng bng 0. Mt ct ngang ca TD2 khng nht thit
phi nhp. Ti ng cong chuyn tip ti im ni u nht
thit phi c tn cc l ND v ti im ni cui nht thit phi c
tn cc l NC

Hnh 3-. la chn kiu d liu

Trc khi nhp trc dc-trc ngang phi chn kiu nhp
khong cch gia cc cc trn trc dc v khong cch gia cc
im mia theo khong cch l hay cng dn, cao im mia
trn trc ngang theo chnh cao hay cao t nhin.
Dng nhp gc cho php chn kiu nhp gc chn cung cho
thun tin.
Xem hnh Hnh 3 Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

33

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

Hp thoi m nhn dng cho php thay i tn cc cc ti cc

on cong khi thy cn thit nu khng mc nh tn cc c
bit nh trong hp thoi Hnh 3 -

Hnh 3- . M nhn dng

Trn Hnh 3 - c th tnh cc thng s cho ng cong
chuyn tip hoc ng cong trn khi thit k tuyn nhm xc
nh chiu di na on cong nht l khi on cong c chiu
di on chuyn u v on chuyn tip cui khc nhau.

Hnh 3-. tnh cc thng s chung

Khi nhp xong d liu trc dc, trc ngang trng hp cao
ton tuyn b sai do cao mc sai, cn thit phi nng
hoc h cao ca tt c cc cc trn tuyn th nhp khong
cao cn nng hay h vo nng cao trong hp thoi
Hnh 3 -v chn phm nhn.
-Ti ct KCch c th nhp theo khong cch l hoc cng
dn.
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

34

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

-Ti ct Cao TN

nhp cao t nhin ti cc tng ng.

Hnh 3-. nng cao cc

-Ti ct Cao TK
nhp cao thit k ti cc tng ng
nu bit trc. Sau ny khi v trc dc t nhin s dng chc
nng Ni cao ng mt k ng .
-Ti ct Gc chn cung cn phi nhp vo gc thay i hng tuyn ti cc. Mc nh 180:0:0 ngha l tuyn vn i
thng. Nu hng tuyn thay i th nhp vo gi tr gc c
tnh theo chiu kim ng h so vi cc trc , xem Hnh 3 -.
Ring i vi T,P v TC gc hng tuyn c nhp ti cc P. C th
xem phn minh ho nhp cho ng.

Gc thay

i h ng tuy
n
+
H ng tuy
n

Cc
ang nhp

Hnh 3- .Gc hng tuyn

-Ti ct bn knh i vi ng cong trn khng phi nhp
R cn ng cong chuyn tip nht thit phi nhp bn knh
Nova_TDN xc nh v tr cc TD v TC ca n cong.
2. Nhp trc ngang:
Mun hin hoc tt phn nhp trc ngang bm vo phm
Trc ngang trong menu th hin.
-Ct KCch cho php nhp khong cch gia cc im mia
theo khong cch l hoc khong cch dn tnh t tim cc sang
phi hoc sang tri. Nu l khong cch l th
phi
c nh du.
-Ct Cao cho php nhp cao tuyt i ca im mia
hoc l cao tng i gia im mia sau so vi im mia trc. Nu nhp theo cao tng i th
phi c
nh du.
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

35

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

-Ti ct F.code nhp s th t ca s hiu vt trong th vin vt

a hnh. c th m th vin Vt a hnh xem s th t
ca k hiu a vt. Trc
phi xy dng Th vin vt a
hnh cho y , bao gm hnh chiu ng, hnh chiu bng
v phi cnh.

Hnh chiu ng s c chn trn bn v trc

ngang. Kch thc ca n thng theo kch thc tht ca
vt.

Hnh chiu bng s c chn ln bn v bnh v

thng chng l cc k hiu a vt. Kch thc ca chng
thng c v bng kch thc m
mun th hin trn
giy (1mm=1n v v).

Hnh phi cnh s c chn khi

Dng phi cnh
a vt. L hnh 3 chiu v kch thc ca chng theo
kch thc thc.
- Ct M t dng nhp ghi ch cc im mia nhm mc
ch sau ny c th ni cc im mia cng ghi ch li vi nhau.
Nu ghi ch l 1 hoc MT th Nova -TDN s hiu l mp
nha bn tri v 2 hoc MP c hiu l mp nha phi ca
ng c c sn. khi v trc ngang trn s th hin ng c
3.

Cch nhp s liu

Trong bng nhp s liu trc dc v trc ngang c th:
- Copy tng , mt hoc nhiu hng, ct bng cch dng
chut bi en vng s liu cn copy n phm Ctrl+C
copy Ctrl+V dn
- Khi cn xo hng, ct dng lnh Cut

3.6.2.To im cao trnh t trc ngang

Trong qu trnh V tuyn theo TCVN
c th thc hin
lun vic dn cc im mia thnh cc im cao trnh hoc nu
khng
thc hin To im cao trnh t trc ngang dn
cc cao trnh c nhp theo Nhp s liu theo TCVN. S d
cn phi dn cao trnh l nhm mc ch xy dng m hnh
t nhin phc v cho vic chn cc, pht sinh cc mi v v li
b mt t nhin sau ny. Nu thy khng cn thit th khng
cn phi thc hin lnh ny.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

36

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

3.6.3.Chuyn i tp s liu

Hnh 3-. Chuyn i tp s liu

Trn Hnh 3 - Cho php chuyn i t tp d liu tuyn
t file (*.ntd ) ra EXCEL di hai dng:
- Tp s liu trc dc (*.dpf)
- Tp s liu trc ngang (*.dcf).
Ngc li cng c th nhp s liu trc dc_trc ngang t
EXCEL ri chuyn sang file (*.ntd) thit k.
3.6.4.Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp
Sau khi chn Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp s xut hin
hp hi thoi nh Hnh 3 - yu cu chn h to m mun
to cc im cao trnh theo h . Sau yu cu cho tn
tp ghi ra. Chc nng ny nhm mc ch phc v cc yu cu
ring bit ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 3-. chn kiu to

3.7. Xy dng m hnh li b mt
Vic Xy dng m hnh li b mt l c bit quan trng
phc v cho vic thit k tip theo. Gi s
c tp s
liu ToanDac.TXT gm to ca cc im cao trnh ca vng
cn thit k theo H to AutoCAD. Sau khi To im cao
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

37

Chng 3.. Nhp s liu

trnh t tp s liu theo HTG hoc h to AutoCAD.

c
th dng Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh hoc ch ng bao a
hnh v cc l thng loi cc im cao lm nh hng ti
m hnh a hnh (V d cc im cao trnh ca cng trnh
nhn to). Vic chn l thng c bit quan trng trong trng
hp chng
cn v ng ng mc t tp hp cc im cao
trnh. ng bao a hnh v l thng c th hin trn Hnh 3
-. Khi chn lnh s xut hin dng nhc Select Objects: yu cu
chn tp hp cc im cao trnh hoc cc ng ng mc c
a vo t bn v bnh nh c cp trn. Sau cn
phi ch ng bao a hnh nu c - l 1 ng PLINE do
v t trc, nu khng c th c th n ENTER b qua. Tip
theo phi ch cc l thng (l vng m mun loi cc cao
im ra khi vic xy dng m hnh) v im bn trong ca
n. Cc l thng do
to bng PLINE trc . Cc l thng cng
khng nht thit bt buc phi c.

ng bao a h
nh
L thng

Hnh 3- .Xy dng m hnh a hnh

Sau khi Xy dng m hnh a hnh c th bit c
cao t nhin ca bt c mt im no trong vng m
va ch ra bng cch chn mc Tra cu cao t nhin.
Lu : Cc l thng khng c giao nhau hoc c cnh ng
bin nm trng ln nhau.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

38

Chng 4..

Chng 4.V

a hnh hin trng

4.1. in v ni cc im cao trnh

Sau khi chn in v ni cc im cao trnh c th thc
hin vic in gi tr cao , ni cc ng cng ghi ch v chn
vt a hnh(hnh chiu bng) cho cc im cao trnh c
chn. Sau khi xut hin dng nhc SelectObjects:
cn chn
cc im cao trnh. Khi chn xong s xut hin hp hi thoi
nh Hnh 4 -. Nu chn
vi Chn tt c th tt
c cc im c cng ghi ch c chn s c ni vi nhau, cn
nu ch chn 1 loi ghi ch no th ch cc im c ghi ch
mi c ni. Nu
chn
th cc cao trnh c
chn s c ni vi nhau. Th t ni theo th t tng dn ca S
hiu im m n li c nh s t ng theo chiu tng dn.
ng ni c to ra s l ng 3DPOLY.

Hnh 4-. in v ni cc im cao trnh

Nu mc
c nh du th cc hnh chiu
bng tng ng vi cc s hiu vt s c chn vo.
Phn
cho php
in gi tr cao ca cc
im cao trnh theo kiu cng hng hoc phn nguyn v phn
l lch hng nhau nhng du chm thp phn lun trng vi to
X v Y ca im cn in. c th xem trn Hnh 4 -. Sau khi
thc hin xong bn v bnh c th tt cc im cao trnh
bng cch tt cc lp tng ng ca n.
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

39

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. on tuyn c in v ni theo ghi ch

4.2. V ng ng mc
To ng ng mc t s liu cc im cao trnh. cho
vic v cc ng ng mc c th theo ca ngi s dng th
vic chn cc im cao trnh v vng xy dng m hnh li l
quan trng. Vic chn phi m bo sao cho Nova -TDN khng
to ra cc b mt t nhin nm ngoi mun ca mnh. Do
c th phi xy dng m hnh li b mt mt s ln sau mi
ln phi thc hin vic v ng ng mc ngay. Hoc l
to
ng bao ngoi v cc vng thng trong qu trnh xy dng m
hnh li b mt nh c cp trong mc Xy dng m hnh li b mt. Sau khi chn mc V ng ng mc s xut hin
ca s nh Hnh 4 -. Gi tr
l gi tr m cc ng ng mc bt u c v v l gi tr gc tnh cao
ca cc ng tip theo ph thuc vo gi tr ca bc cao m
nhp vo ti
.
l s ng
ng mc m b cch khng in gi tr cao . Theo s liu
nhp vo cc mc ca ng ng mc s l 20,20.5,21,21.5 ...
v c 5 ng th 1 ng c in gi tr cao (bt u t
mc 20).
l khong cch gia cc gi tr cao
ca 1 ng ng mc c in. Kt qu
c cc ng
ng mc nh trn Hnh 4 -.

Hnh 4-. Nhp bc ng mc

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

40

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Kt qu ca v ng ng mc
4.3. Dng phi cnh a vt
Sau khi nhp cc im cao trnh c S hiu vt tng
ng vi Th vin vt a hnh v nhp nh vi cc khai bo y
s c hnh phi cnh hin trng nh Hnh 4 -.

Hnh 4-. Phi cnh a vt

Cc bc dng phi cnh
- Chn menu: Bnh / Dng phi cnh tuyn thit k. Kt
thc phn ny ta thy xut hin ng bao kn trn mt bng
tuyn v ton b li ng thit k (nm pha trn khu v
bnh )
- Chn memu: a hnh/ nh ngha ng ng mc v ng mp: sau khi chn lnh dng con tr chut chon vo ng
bao kn v to tn mt bng tuyn phn trn ri chn kiu
ng mp v kt thc lnh bng chn phm OK trong hp
thoi.
- Chn tip menu: Bnh / Xy dng m hnh li b mt.
Ln lt chn ng bao , l thng nu c( nu khng c ng
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

41

Chng 4..

bao hoc l thng th nhn phm ENTER. (ch lm theo cc

dng nhc lnh trn dng nhc Command)
- Chn menu: Bnh / v li b mt t nhin
- Chn menu: Bnh / Hot cnh 3D:
- Khi thy xut hin hp thoi Hot cnh 3D Hnh 4 - nhn phm
phi chut vo dng M hnh sau chn dng khi to v
chn ton b khu vc li m hnh b mt.i cho khi no khi to
xong cc mt 3D tip tc nhn phm phi chut vo khu vc c
hnh va khi to chn mu nn, nh sng, mu sc...

Hnh 4-. Hot cnh 3D

- Chy theo hnh trnh
Chn menu: Bnh / chy theo hnh trnh. Sau khi nhp
lnh Nhn &thi trn hp thoi Hnh 4 - dng con tr chut
chn vo mt trong 3 ng c mu trng gia phn ng
thit k ta s to c hot cnh theo hnh trnh ging nh
ang i to trn ng. Ghi ra file AVI dng khi cn thit
trnh din theo hot cnh m khng cn n Nova_TDN

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

42

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Hot cnh theo hnh trnh

4.4.Thit k tuyn
4.4.1.Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh
Trc khi bt tay vo cng vic thit k hoc nhp s liu
cc im cao trnh nh cp trn
phi tin hnh khai
bo mt s thng s cn thit bng cch thc hin lnh Khai bo
v thay i tuyn hin hnh. Trn Hnh 4 - l ca s khai bo.
u tin phi chn tiu chun thit k, c th l:
Tiu chun Vit nam
Tiu chun AASHTO 1
Tiu chun AASHTO 2
Tiu chun AASHTO 3
Tiu chun AASHTO 4
ng b tng nng thn
i theo chng l vic thay i mu thit k trc ngang,
tiu chun v ng cong nm v cc din tch cn xc nh...

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

43

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh

l chiu cao ca ch cn in trn bnh

vi
cho cc k hiu cc v
cho cc gi tr s trong bn v bnh .
l chiu cao cc thuc tnh ca im cao
trnh, v sau ny khng in ra giy cho nn n thng phi nh
hn cc thuc tnh ca chng khng b in chng cho
ln nhau.
Nu
c nh du th cc gi tr gc
thay i hng tuyn in trn bn v s theo gi tr ca gc
chuyn hng, cn ngc li s l gi tr gc =180-Gc chuyn hng.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

44

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Khai bo tuyn thit k.

Vic tip theo l phi khai bo tuyn v chn tuyn hin
hnh. Nova -TDN cho php thit k nhiu tuyn trong 1 bn v,
tuy nhin trong qu trnh thit k ch c 1 tuyn hin hnh v
qu trnh thit k thng ch tc ng i vi tuyn hin hnh
cho nn khi mun thit k tuyn khc th phi a n v hin
hnh bng cch chn vo dng ng vi tuyn mun chn sau
phm
.
ng vi mi tuyn
cn phi khai bo mt s thng s cn
thit v mt ct chun ca n. Ca s khai bo nh Hnh 4 - s
xut hin khi
chn phm
hoc phm
. Ti y
cn khai bo:
L trnh u ca tuyn cn thit k - n chnh l l
trnh ti gc tuyn.
Vn tc thit k, da vo n
c th tra cc yu t ng cong nm theo tiu chun tng ng.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

45

Chng 4..

Khong vt l

Rng m
t

Cao mp l

Rng r nh

n cch
Dc ph
Dc m
t
Cao mp l
m

Cao r nh

Dc l

Rng l

Rng ph
n cch

Hnh 4-. Cc thng s mt ct chun

T v taluy

T v taluy

Hnh 4-. V ta luy TC AASHTO

Tip theo
cn khai bo cc thng s mt ct chun vi
kch thc ca chng th hin trn Hnh 4 -. Gi tr cao mp l
c th dng hoc m. Ring i vi tiu chun AASHTO chiu
dy ca lp Asphal1 bng gi tr tuyt i ca cao mp l. i vi
mu mt ct trong AASHTO1
phi nhp thm khong T v
u
luy. Trong trng hp nu
khng thit k ng y
rnh tri hoc phi v cao mp ngoi ca l so vi t nhin
m nh hn gi tr cao rnh th Nova -TDN s t ng b tr rnh
theo kch thc rnh khai, luy rnh ly theo luy o.

Cao
hon thin: 62.57
Cao
ng
: 62.27

2.00
2

3.50

3.50

2%

2%

2.00
2

Hnh 4- . Dch nh trc ngang thit k.

i vi cc ct ngang trong on c b tr siu cao nu
khng mun thay i dc l pha lng ca on cong trong
qu trnh p trc ngang th
nh du vo mc gi nguyn
dc l lng, gi nguyn dc l bng trong on c siu cao
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

46

Chng 4..

Trong trng hp nu cao hon thin khc cao thit

k ng trn trc dc th
0 nh Hnh 4 -.

cho

gi tr khc

4.4.2.Vch tuyn v nh ngha cc ng mt

bng tuyn
Tin hnh vch tuyn trong vng
xy dng m hnh
a hnh bng cch s dng lnh PLINE ca AutoCAD. Sau khi
c ng tim tuyn nu
cha khai bo gc tuyn hoc gc
tuyn nm khng ng v tr mong mun th thc hin chc
nng Khai bo gc tuyn nh ngha.

Hnh 4-. nh ngha ng mt bng tuyn

Sau khi c gc tuyn
mi nh ngha c cc ng
mt bng tuyn bng cch thc hin nh ngha cc ng mt
bng tuyn u tin s xut hin dng nhc SelectObjects: yu
cu
chn cc ng cn nh ngha v sau khi chn xong s
xut hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4 -.
chn vo

nh ngha tim tuyn. c th nh ngha cc ng khc nh

mp phn cch, mp xe chy v mp l m sau ny
c th
da vo khong cch gia chng xc nh rng mt, rng
phn cch v rng l trong qu trnh thit k trc ngang.
Sau khi nh ngha xong cc ng PLINE v nhiu nh
s b cht ra tng on nn
phi lu khi vch tuyn sao cho
cc on l ch ni t nh ti nh trnh trng hp ti ch gc
chuyn hng =0 cng c 1 nh.
4.4.3.B tr ng cong v siu cao
Trc khi thit k ng cong c th chn cc yu t cong
theo TCVN 4054-85 hoc TCVN 4054-98 bng cch chn vo
File > chn file tiu chun cn tra cu.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

47

Chng 4..

Sau khi nh ngha tim tuyn

phi tin hnh b tr
ng cong nm ti cc nh bng cch thc hin mc B tr ng cong v siu cao. Xut hin dng nhc:
Chn cnh th nht hoc on cong cn sa: yu cu
chn cnh th nht hoc on cong cn thay i yu t cong.
Nu chn ng cong th khng th thay i bn knh ca
n m ch thay i c cc yu t cong v siu cao. Cho nn
nu cn thay i bn knh th phi xo n i v sau chn
vo on thng ca tuyn. Nu
chn on thng ca tuyn
th s xu hin dng nhc tip theo:
Chn cnh th hai: Yu cu chn on thng th 2.
Nova-TND cho php
b tr ng cong chuyn tip hoc
khng chuyn tip nh Error: Reference source not found.
cn
phi nhp cc yu t cong v siu cao, nu mun ly theo tiu
chun th
chn vo phm
. Lc ny s l cc gi tr
theo tiu chun v c th chnh li.
Sau khi chn kiu ng cong
cho bn knh ca ng
cong. Nu mun bit gi tr bn knh ti thiu th chn
v bn knh ti thiu ca ng cong s c tnh theo H s lc
ngang m nhp vo ti hp hi thoi Error: Reference source not
found. Khi c bn knh cn bit chiu di on ni ti thiu
th
chn
. Chiu di on ni ti thiu c xc nh
ph thuc vo dc ph sn lng khi c b tr siu cao. dc
ph cn phi nhp vo ti hp hi thoi Hnh 4 -.

Hnh 4-. B tr cong nm v siu cao

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

48

Chng 4..

Na ni

H ng tuy
n

i
cu
ni
Na

i
TC
i cu
n n
o

o n nT
i
u

Hnh 4-. ng cong khng chuyn tip

H ng tuy
n

L chuy
n ti
p

TC

NC
p
i
nt
y
hu
c
L

Hnh 4- . ng cong chuyn tip

Cc yu t cong th hin nh trn Hnh 4 - v Hnh 4 -. i
vi ng cong khng chuyn tip gi tr ca na ni u v na
ni cui s quyt nh v tr ca on ni trong on cong. V
d nu na ni u bng mt na on ni u ngha l on
ni c b tr i xng so vi T.
Trong trng hp ng cong khng chuyn tip nu cc on
cong cng chiu c b tr gn nhau v c 1 phn on ni giao
nhau nh trn Hnh 4 -. cn phi nhp vo khong cch ca cc
on c phn giao nhau vi on cong khc. Cc yu t cong
trong phn giao nhau s c ly theo on cong nm k nu c.
i
o n n
H ng tuyn

T 1

cui 1
i1
iao cu
o n g

TC1=T 2

TC2

P2

P1
u 2
iao
o n g

u 2
i
o n n

Hnh 4-. on cong cng chiu

Nu c m rng th n s c b tr trng vi on ni hoc
on chuyn tip. Khi c m rng nu
c nh
du th kch thc l s khng b thay i trong on cong. Nu
khng th phi cho gi tr l ng ti thiu khi ny do c m
rng kch thc l ng s b gim v l ti thiu s bng gi tr
a vo.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

49

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. H s lc ngang

Hnh 4-. dc ph

Quay quanh m
p ngoi phn xe chy
Quay quanh

nh

Quay quanh l

Dc 2 mi

Hnh 4-. Cc kiu tm quay ca dc 1 mi

Trong trng hp nu
th sau khi t dc 1
mi trong on chuyn i c 2 mi s cng quay quanh 1 tm.
Cc kiu tm quay th hin nh trn Hnh 4 -.
Quay quanh nh - tm quay s l giao im ca mt
ng dc 2 mi v tim tuyn. Tim tuyn c th khng trng
vi tim cc nu khong dch nh trn bnh l khc 0.
Quay quanh mp ngoi phn xe chy - l v tr ng vi
mp ngoi ca mt ng khi cha c m rng v dc l dc
2 mi.
Quay quanh l - ng vi mp ngoi ca l khi cha c m
rng v dc l dc 2 mi.
4.4.4.Pht sinh v chn cc
Sau khi xc nh xong tim tuyn
tin hnh pht sinh
cc hoc chn thm cc cc theo a hnh bng cch chn Pht
sinh cc hoc Chn cc. Nu
chn Pht sinh cc s xut hin
hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4 -.
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

50

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Pht sinh cc

cn phi nhp khong cch gia cc cc cn pht sinh.
Nu chn
th ch pht sinh trong tng on cc
b. Trong qu trnh pht sinh cc hoc chn cc nu cha xy
dng m hnh a hnh th Nova-TDN s t ng xy dng
m hnh t tp hp cc im cao trnh v cc ng ng mc
c trong bn v. Nu khng c cc im cao trnh hoc ng
ng mc th cao cc s bng 0 v khng c cc im mia
ca cc, nu cn thit th
thc hin Hiu chnh s liu cc
im mia a vo.
Nu chn
Nova_TDN s nhn s liu t tp
*.ntd v chn cc vo tuyn trn bnh
i vi cc cc ti v tr c bit
c th thm vo bng
cch thc hin Chn cc mi. c th thm cc ti 1 l trnh no
hoc theo khonh cch dn tnh t l trnh gc hoc bng
cch ch v tr trn tuyn hoc trn trc dc bng cch chn
cc phm

hoc

tng ng.Hnh 4 -

Hnh 4-. Chn cc

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

51

Chng 4..

4.4.5.V tuyn theo TCVN

Sau khi
Nhp s liu theo TCVN v ghi s liu ra
tp *.ntd ( c th nhp t chng trnh TOPO) no
c th
V tuyn theo TCVN. Thc cht ca lnh ny l tin hnh vch
tuyn v dn cc im cao trnh ti cc im mia tng ng
theo s liu nhp. Sau khi chn tp s liu tng ng s
xut hin hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh 4 -. V tr ca gc tuyn
c xc nh theo H to gi nh v hng tuyn ti im
gc c xc nh theo Gc phng v. Nu mun xc nh v
tr ca gc tuyn theo h to UCS ca AutoCAD th
chn
. Nu nt
c nh du th cc im cao
trnh s c dn ti v tr cc im mia tng ng, nu khng
sau ny
cn dn cc im cao trnh ti cc im mia th
thc hin To im cao trnh t trc ngang.
Nu
chn
th cc yu t cong v
siu cao s c b tr theo tiu chun, nu khng nh du th
cc on cong s cha c b tr yu t cong v siu cao nu cn
thit th sau ny thc hin B tr ng cong v siu cao
b tr.

Hnh 4-. Nhp gc tuyn

4.4.6.Xc nh khong lch cc so vi tuyn
Trong qu trnh chnh li hng tuyn c th xy ra trng hp
tim cc cm ngoi hin trng khng nm trn ng tim
tuyn mi do
cn xc nh li khong lch ca tim cc so
vi tim tuyn bng cch thc hin Xc nh khong lch cc so
vi tuyn. Do dch chnh nn v tr trc ngang c s khng
vung gc vi tim mi na. Trong trng hp khong lch l nh
th khng cn phi xc nh li gi tr cc im mia ca trc
ngang, nu khng phi thc hin Xc nh li s liu mia. Trn
l m t khong lch cc so vi tuyn.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

52

Khong lch
cc

Chng 4..

Tim ng m i

Tim cc

Tim ng c

Hnh 4-. Khong lch cc so vi tuyn

4.4.7.Xc nh li s liu mia
Sau khi
pht sinh cc hoc chn cc nu c s thay
i v mt a hnh t nhin nh l b sung thm s liu o
th phi thc hin Xc nh li s liu mia bng cch chn t
cc u n cc cui trong khong cn xc nh li hoc l
chn
Hnh 4 - xc nh cc cc nm gia 2 im
m s ch trn tuyn.

Hnh 4-. Chn cc xc nh li s liu mia

4.4.8.Tu chn

Hnh 4-. Tu chn

Khi cn thay i b rng ni suy cc im mia sang hai
pha ca trc ngang hoc trng hp cc im mia trn trc
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

53

Chng 4..

ngang qu dy cn t ng loi bt theo mun hy chn menu

Tu chn. Khi xut hin hp thoi Hnh 4 - ri nhp vo cc
tng ng vi cc gi tr cn thit.
loi b bt im mia c nhp hai thng s khong
cch v chnh dc max.
4.4.9.Xo tuyn hoc cc
Vic chn cc xo tng t nh vic chn cc Xc
nh li s liu mia ngoi ra nu
c nh du
th c th xo ton b cc trn tuyn v ng tim tuyn.
cng c th tin hnh xo cc hoc tim tuyn bng cch
thc hin lnh ERASE ca AutoCAD.
4.4.10. Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia
Trong qu trnh thit k
c th vi chnh li s liu cc
im mia ca cc thuc tuyn hin thi bng cch thc hin
Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia. Sau khi thc hin lnh s xut
hin hp hi thoi nh Hnh 4 -. Tuy nhin lc ny s liu s c
ly ca tuyn hin thi trong bn v ln v sau khi hiu chnh
xong s cp nht li cho tuyn. Cng c th ghi li s liu hiu
chnh ra tp *.ntd nh trong phn nhp s liu trc dc - trc
ngang. Hnh 8-18

Hnh 4- .Chn cc xc nh li s liu mia

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

54

Chng 4..

4.4.11. Tra cu s liu cc

Chc nng ny cho php
xem kim tra s liu thit
k ti tng cc. Nh trn Hnh 4 c cc s liu t nhin, s
liu thit k v gi tr din tch ca ti tng cc. Da vo n
c th kim tra li s liu thit k.

Hnh 4-. S liu ti cc

4.4.12.

Xut bng to cc

Vi chc nng ny
s c bng to tim cc trong H to
gi nh hoc UCS ca AutoCAD nh Hnh 4 -.

Bng to cc

Hnh 4-. To cc
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

55

Chng 4..

4.5. V mt bng tuyn

4.5.1.Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v trc
ngang chun
S dng chc nng ny s c mt bng tuyn bao gm cc
ng mp ca di phn cch, mp ngoi phn xe chy, mp l
theo cc yu t cong v kch thc ca trc ngang chun. Nu
sau ny trong qu trnh thit k nu cn phi da vo mt
bng tuyn (nh l thit k on dng xe) th c th th hin
li vng bng cch thit k mt bng tuyn, cn thit
c
th s dng nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn nh
ngha. Sau ny khi thit k trc ngang
c th da vo mt
bng tuyn xc nh cc kch thc nh l b rng mt ng,
l ng hoc di phn cch.
Trong qu trnh v Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v
trc ngang chun
cn phi chn cc on tuyn ri rc. Nu
mun cho ton b tuyn th ti dng nhc Selest Objects:
chn All.
Kt qu c hnh v nh Hnh 4 -

on dng xe

Hnh 4-.Thit k li mt bng tuyn

4.5.2.Mt bng tuyn t trc ngang
Sau khi c trc ngang thit k
c th th hin li n
trn mt bng tuyn bng cch nh du vo nhng mc cn
thit trong hp hi thoi Hnh 4 -

Hnh 4-. Cc ng th hin mt bng

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

56

Chng 4..

4.5.3.in yu t cong
Chc nng ny dng in cc yu t cong ca cc on
cong trn tuyn nh l gc chuyn hng, bn knh, khong
phn.... Ca s hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh 4 -.

Hnh 4-. in yu t cong

4.5.4.in tn cc trn tuyn
c th in tn cc v mt bn hoc so le theo tim
tuyn v cch tuyn 1 khong no bng cch chn vo cc
mc ca hp hi thoi Hnh 4 - .

Hnh 4- . Chn kiu in tn cc

4.5.5.in cao cc
Khi
chn chc nng ny s xut hin hp hi thoi nh
Hnh 4 -. Cho php
in gi tr cao ti cc v chn vng
trn k hiu cc.
Lu : Vch on thng k hiu cc trn tuyn
khng c
xo m cho kch thc ca n nh li (xem phn Khai bo v thay
i tuyn thit k).

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

57

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. in cao cc

4.5.6. Xut bng cm cong
Chc nng ny cho php
lp c cc bng to cc
im trn on cong theo 2 phng php:

Hnh 4-. Chn kiu cm cong

Theo to vung gc
Theo to cc
Cc gi tr trong bng c xc nh t 2 u ca on
cong tin dn vo gia tuyn vi bc khong cch m nhp vo
trong
vi trng hp nu
khng cm theo
cc. Nu chn
th cc gi tr s ng vi tng cc trong
on cong m chn dng nhc Select Objects:.

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

58

Chng 4..
Bng cmcong
T LT Km:0+10.09
T i LT Km:0+197.99

Bng cm cong
T LT Km:0+10.09
T i LT Km:0+197.99

Cm vtrcc theo to vung gc

Cmtheo khong cch 10mtheo to cc

Hnh 4S liu cm cong theo 2 phng php ca cng 1 on

cong vi 2 phng n cm theo cc v khong cch.
Trn Hnh 4 - v d s liu cm cong ca cng 1 on cong
theo 2 phng php. Hnh 4 - l th hin cc gi tr trong bng
theo cc phng php cm cong.
x

x
Gc
2
Gc 1

y1

x2
x1

K C K C2
1

y2
y2
Khong cch c
m theo tuyn

T
C
m cong theo to
vung gc

Khong cch c
m theo tuyn

T
C
m cong theo to
cc

Hnh 4-. Cc phng php cm cong

4.5.7.Bng yu t cong
Chc nng ny cho php lp bng cc yu t cong ca cc
on cong trong tuyn nh trn Hnh 4 - .

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

59

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Bng yu t cong

4.5.8.Xut s liu cc on cong
Vi chc nng ny cn phi chn cc on cong v cho tn
tp xut ra. ng vi mi on cong s c cc thng s c xut ra
n sau:
L trnh u:0.010093
L trnh cui:0.197987
Gc chuyn hng: 15d48'5''
Bn knh:500.0000
Chiu di on chuyn tip:50.0000
To nh: X=183.3666 Y=63.4440
To im u: X=276.7388 Y=77.4307
To im cui: X=89.7142 Y=75.4116
4.5.9.Tra v in k hiu l trnh
Trc khi tra v in l trnh cn phi nhp khong chnh
lch gia l trnh mi so vi l trnh c (nu c) chn menu
bnh > Chnh l trnh c v mi Hnh 4 -.
Trong hp hi thoi nh trn Hnh 4 - cho php
in k
hiu l trnh theo l trnh ti tt c cc cc hoc ch ti cc
cc H hoc cc cc ND, TD, P, TC, NC trong on cong nm.

Hnh 4-. Nhp chnh l trnh

Cng c th in ti mt cc no chn theo cc
hoc theo khong cch cng dn chn K/C dn.
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

60

Chng 4..

l gi tr khong cch t du mi tn k
hiu l trnh ti tim tuyn.
chn in k hiu Km: th trc gi tr l trnh c thm k
hiu Km Vd: Km 2+300, nu khng s ch ghi gi tr l trnh
vd: 2+300
Mun l trnh xut hin trn mn hnh th
nh
du vo mc
.

Hnh 4-. .in l trnh

4.5.10. Tra l trnh
Chc nng ny cho php
tra cu l trnh ti bt c 1
im no trn tuyn. Nu im
ch khng nm trn
tuyn th l trnh l ti im chn ng vung gc t im
ch ti tuyn.
4.6. Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k
4.6.1.Dng phi cch

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

61

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Dng phi cnh tuyn ng thit k

Vi chc nng Phi cnh tuyn ng thit k c th dng
phi cnh b mt ca tuyn thit k m ct ngang ca n xc
nh theo mt ct chun hoc l ly t trc ngang.
Hnh 4 - Trong trng hp
nn nh du vo
to thm mt s cc trong on cong nm v
cong ng cho tuyn c trn.
Trong qu trnh dng phi cnh
c th to ng hnh
trnh ca hot cnh bng cch cho cao ca mt so vi mt
ng thit k v khong lch ca tim phn ng xe chy so vi
tim cc nhm mc ch dng hot cnh sau ny. ng thi s to
ng mp chn luy trn mt bng sau ny. Trc khi v li b
mt t nhin
cn phi nh ngha ng chn ta luy trn l
ng mp ( menu nh ngha ng ng mc hoc ng
mp - Hnh 4 - ) v l l thng nh cp trn.

Hnh 4-. nh ngha ng mp

Sau khi to xong ng mp tin hnh xy dng li m
hnh li b mt t nhin ri chn ng mp (bao kn) l l
thng. Hnh 4 -

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

62

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Dng phi cnh tuyn

4.6.2.V li b mt t nhin
Chc nng V li b mt t nhin nhm to li b mt
t nhin t tp hp im cao trnh c chn trong qu
trnh Xy dng m hnh li b mt. Kt qu c nh trn
Hnh 4 -Error: Reference source not foundNu trn tuyn
c phn o
c th khot b phn t nhin bng cch nh
ngha ng chn luy c to khi dng phi cnh l ng mp.
Sau khi Xy dng m hnh li b mt chn n l l thng,
bc tip theo
thc hin chc nng ny th s c b mt t
nhin nh .

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

63

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. Phi cnh tuyn

4.6.3.Hot cnh 3D
Nova-TDN s dng cng ngh OpenGL m t thc ti o
ca ton b khu vc thit k bao gm : b mt t nhin v ton
b con ng thit k v cc a vt 3 chiu khc cng nh to ra
s chuyn ng trn tuyn ng .

Hnh 4-. Phi cnh tuyn

Trn Hnh 4 - l hp thoi khi to hot cnh 3D, chn phm
phi chut vo dng M hnh sau chn Khi to > chn
ton b tuyn thit k v li t nhin. Lc Nova_TDN bt
u thc hin vic to mt 3D cho ton b li tam gic v mt
ng thit k. Sau khi to xong trn hp thoi hin ton b
tuyn trong bn phi hp thoi. C th s dng cc menu biu
tng th hin ton cnh tuyn thit k theo cc gc , hng nhn khc nhau..
4.6.4. Chy theo hnh trnh
Khi chn Bnh \ To hot cnh \ Chy theo hnh
trnh xut hin hp thoi Hnh 4 - trn ca s lnh xut hin
dng nhc chn ng 3DPOLYLINE chy theo hnh trnh.
Lc dng chut chn vo u ng 3D Polyline. Sau s
xut hin ca s trnh din, ca s cho hnh nh ng ging
nh
ang i dc theo tuyn ng. C th quan st ton b
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

64

Chng 4..

a hnh hai bn ng cng vi cc a vt c chn vo

xem Hnh 4 -.
Mun dng hoc tip tc chy hot cnh
dng bm phm
Space.
Mun tc dch chuyn nhanh hay chm dng cc phm
mi tn ln, xung trn bn phm.
Mun thm cc i tng a vt 3D nh cy, n, ... trn
tuyn th m th vin a vt ri chn i tng 3D vo tuyn
ri chn nt thm vo m hnh . khi to hot cnh trn tuyn s
c thm cc i tng 3D.

Hnh 4-. hp thoi tu chn

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

65

Chng 4..

Hnh 4-. hot cnh theo hnh trnh

Nu cn trnh duyt hot cnh 3D chn ghi Ra file AVI (*.avi)

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

66

Chng 4..

CHNG 1.......................................................................................................................GII THIU CHUNG

1
1.1...................................................................................................................... GII THIU CHNG TRNH
1

1.1.1.........................................................................................................................Nhp s liu thit k

1
1
2

1.1.2.......................................................................V mt bng hin trng v thit k bnh tuyn

1.1.3...........................................................................................................Thit k trc dc, trc ngang
1.1.4.................................................................................................Tnh ton v lp khi lng o p

1.1.5..................................V ng bnh v dng phi cnh mt ng cng cnh quan a hnh

2
1.2......................................................................................................... YU CU CU HNH V CI T
3

1.2.1................................................................................................................................Yu cu cu hnh
3

1.2.2...............................................................................................................................................Ci t
3
1.3........................................................................................................................... CC KHI NIM C BN
5

1.3.1...............................................................................................................................n v v v t l
5
5

1.3.2.............................................................................................................................................H to
1.3.3.............................................................................................................................Cc im t my

1.3.4....................................................................................................................................im cao trnh

6
1.4...................................................................................................................... CU TRC CHNG TRNH
6

1.4.1.................................................................................................................................Menu Nova -TDN

6
7
7
8
8

1.4.2....................................................................................................................................Menu a hnh
1.4.3.....................................................................................................................................Menu Bnh
1.4.4...........................................................................................................Menu Trc dc v Trc ngang
1.4.5.........................................................................................................................................Menu Ph tr
1.4.6.......................................................................................................................................Bng tn lnh

9
CHNG 2................................................................................................KHAI BO S LIU THIT K
13
2.1............................................................................................................ XY DNG BN V NGUYN SINH
13
2.2..................................................................................................................... KHAI BO MU BNG BIU
13
2.3......................................................................................................... KHAI BO TRC NGANG THIT K
14
2.4..................................................................................................................... KHAI BO CC LP O NG
15
2.5.......................................................................KHAI BO VT BN, VT HU C V B RNG NH CP
15
CHNG 3................................................................................................................................NHP S LIU
16
3.1....................................................................................................................... TH VIN VT A HNH
16
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

67

Chng 4..

3.2............................................................................................................................ H TO GI NH
17
3.2.1.............................................................................................................Khai bo H to gi nh
17
3.2.2................................................................................................................To li khng ch mt bng
18
3.3................................................................................................... NHP CC IM CAO TRNH T NHIN
18
3.3.1...........................................................................................................................nh ngha trm my
18
3.3.2...................................................................................................Chuyn i my ton c in t
19
3.3.3.............................................................................................To im cao trnh t s o ton c
20
3.3.4...............................................................................................................................To a hnh nh
22
3.3.5.......................................................................................................Nhp cc im cao trnh t tp
23
3.3.6......................................................................................................................To cc im cao trnh
23
3.3.7.......................................................................................................Hiu chnh cc im cao trnh
24
3.3.8.............................................................................Bt/Tt cc im cao trnh trong c s d liu
25
3.4........................................................................................................................ NHP NG NG MC
25
3.5................................................................................NH NGHA NG NG MC HOC NG MP
26
3.5.1..............................................................................................................nh ngha ng ng mc
26
3.5.2.......................................................................................................................nh ngha ng mp
26
3.6.................................................................................................................... NHP TUYN THEO TCVN
27
3.6.1.....................................................................................................................Nhp s liu theo TCVN
27
3.6.2....................................................................................................To im cao trnh t trc ngang
30
3.6.3.....................................................................................................................Chuyn i tp s liu
31
3.6.4........................................................................................................Xut cc im cao trnh ra tp
31
3.7......................................................................................................... XY DNG M HNH LI B MT
32
CHNG 4....................................................................................................V A HNH HIN TRNG
33
4.1....................................................................................................... IN V NI CC IM CAO TRNH
33
4.2............................................................................................................................. V NG NG MC
34
4.3.................................................................................................................... DNG PHI CNH A VT
35
4.4.................................................................................................................................. THIT K TUYN
37
4.4.1.............................................................................................Khai bo v thay i tuyn hin hnh
37
4.4.2...................................................................Vch tuyn v nh ngha cc ng mt bng tuyn
39
4.4.3..............................................................................................................B tr ng cong v siu cao
40
4.4.4...........................................................................................................................Pht sinh v chn cc
43
4.4.5............................................................................................................................V tuyn theo TCVN
44
Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

68

Chng 4..

4.4.6............................................................................................Xc nh khong lch cc so vi tuyn

44
4.4.7.....................................................................................................................Xc nh li s liu mia
45
4.4.8...............................................................................................................................................Tu chn
46
4.4.9............................................................................................................................Xo tuyn hoc cc
46
4.4.10...................................................................................................Hiu chnh s liu cc im mia
46
4.4.11.............................................................................................................................Tra cu s liu cc
47
4.4.12.........................................................................................................................Xut bng to cc
48
4.5........................................................................................................................... V MT BNG TUYN
48
4.5.1.................................................................Mt bng tuyn theo yu t cong v trc ngang chun
48
4.5.2..........................................................................................................Mt bng tuyn t trc ngang
49
4.5.3.................................................................................................................................in yu t cong
49
4.5.4........................................................................................................................in tn cc trn tuyn
49
4.5.5...................................................................................................................................in cao cc
50
4.5.6...........................................................................................................................Xut bng cm cong
50
4.5.7.................................................................................................................................Bng yu t cong
51
4.5.8.................................................................................................................Xut s liu cc on cong
52
4.5.9..............................................................................................................Tra v in k hiu l trnh
52
4.5.10........................................................................................................................................Tra l trnh
53
4.6....................................................................................................... PHI CNH TUYN NG THIT K
53
4.6.1....................................................................................................................................Dng phi cch
53
4.6.2..........................................................................................................................V li b mt t nhin
55
4.6.3........................................................................................................................................Hot cnh 3D
55
4.6.4...........................................................................................................................Chy theo hnh trnh
56

Nova-TDN

Hng dn s dng

69