Solar Electricity:

Photovoltaic (PV) modules make electricity from sunlight, and are marvelously simple, effective,
and durable. They sit in the sun and with no moving parts, can run appliances, charge batteries or
make energy for the utility grid.
A PV array is the energy collector of the solar generator and does so via the photovoltaic
effect. When sunlight hits a PV cells, then cells absorbs some of the photons and the photons
energy is transferred to an electron in the semiconductor material. With the energy from the
photon, the electron can escape its usual position in the semiconductor atom to become part of
the current in an electrical circuit.
To use the energy from the array we need other components, such as inverters, charge controllers
and batteries, which make up a solar-electric system. The components required are dependent on
the system type designed.

Why use solar Electricity:

When we consider the true cost of energy, we need to look not just the rate on the utility bill.
Conventional fuels have real social, environmental and economic impacts. There are annual and
cumulative costs that stem from all of the pollutants emitted from mining, processing, and
transporting fossil fuels that impact our public health and the environment. Electricity derived
from coal and natural gas will never be able to outweigh the energy and continual resources
required to produce it. PV system produce clean electricity for decades after achieving their
energy payback in fewer years.
The majority of PV system expenses are paid for at the time the system is installed. After that,
the energy is essentially free. In strictly economic terms, the rate of return for your PV system
depends on three thingssolar resource; electricity prices; and state policies or incentives. While
many utilities sell electricity at affordable rates, inflation as well as energy price history and
forecasts indicate price increases in our future, which will make RE systems payback even
quicker.

Solar Energy in Rural Areas:

The rural requirement for sustainable economic growth and an ever-increasing supply of energy
is perhaps most pronounced. The renewable energy technologies mature enough to meet the
demand.
Life without electricity might feel like an apocalyptic scenario in the developed world, but for
those living in rural areas it is a fact of everyday life.
Current development trends suggest that by 2030 almost 600 million people will still lack access
to electricity across rural. However, International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) believe
the continents renewable energy resources have the potential to support future national economic
growth and local development.

In detail the renewable energy is the options for rural electricity production. It looked at the
economic viability of decentralized off-grid renewable technologies against conventional grid
extension and transport costs of conventional fuel while taking both population density and
transport infrastructure into account. The transport infrastructure is immature, fossil fuels are
unsubsidized. Renewable energy technologies (RETs) offer opportunities to improve access to
energy for rural communities. However, to meet demand, investors will need to push energy
production to high levels of sustainability.

Future sustainability:
Characterized by low population densities with limited financial resources, most rural
communities face high grid connection costs. Remote rural renewable energy development often
requires mini-grids or standalone off-grid solutions supported by dedicated public policies, as the
set-up is unsuited to the large-scale power plants used in urban environments.
With demand focused more on household and agricultural use, these smaller-scale solutions offer
rural entrepreneurs and small power producers investment potential. But to ensure sustainability,
the infrastructure must overcome the barriers associated with remote locations, lack of public
awareness and limited affordability while offering long-term compatibility and potential
integration with the central grid.
The renewable energy system was unsustainable in terms of both social demand and stability of
supply. The conversion losses were determined to be a result of battery storage and conversion
from DC generation to AC distribution. Making up 70 per cent of the capital and running costs,
capital costs of lead acid DC storage and DC to AC conversion also led to high energy prices.
Renewable energy technologies do offer opportunity for private investors to develop remote rural
off-grid power supplies. Whilst sustainable development requires business models that support a
much broader outlook, beyond simple technology provision, RET systems seem set to increase
the electrification. With careful implementation, entrepreneurial suppliers can not only bring
power to the people but, by doing so, empower people themselves