Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Frame (ITRF)
Zuheir Altamimi
Institut Gographique National France (altamimi@ensg.ign.fr)
GGOS
Global Geodetic Observing System
Combination of
VLBI
SLR
GNSS
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
DORIS
1
Geodesy
A fundamental discipline for Earth science
applications and satellite navigation
Is the only science that is capable to realize a truly
global terrestrial reference system
The progress accomplished since almost 30 years
is due to the international cooperation based on a
voluntary contribution for the scientific interest.
==> Creation of scientific services
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
Other applications
Navigation: Aviation, Terrestrial, Maritime
National geodetic systems
Cartography & Positioning
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
Relativity theory
Forces acting on the satellite
The atmosphere
Earth rotation
Solid Earth and ocean tides
Tectonic motion
P
Scale (unit of length): SI unit
k
Orientation:
Equatorial (Z axis is approximately
the direction of the Earth pole)
j
o
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
SLR/LLR
VLBI
GPS
DORIS
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
VLBI
ar
s
a
u
Q
ric De
lay
n 3C 273
o
i
ct Quasar
e
dir
e
v
a
W
nt
o
fr
r
S
pe
o
c
s
e
l
e
t
io 1
d
a
Earth surface
Basel
ine
r
B
R
pe
o
c
s
e
l
e
t
io 2
d
a
r r
B .S
+ (t )
g ( t ) =
c
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
Lunar
Satellite Laser Ranging
LLR
SLR
Moon
R
LL
pe
o
sc
e
l
e
e
v
i
ss
a
P
ite
l
l
te
a
S
Earth
SL R
pe
o
c
s
ele
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
10
GNSS
Satellite
Sa
O
lite
tel
t
rbi
GNSS Antenna
Earth
GNSS Measurements:
- Pseudorange
- Phase
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
11
DORIS
Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
12
GPS/IGS
SLR
DORIS
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
13
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
14
http://www.iag-aig.org/
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
15
Based on Co-location
sites
http://itrf.ensg.ign.fr
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
16
Co-location Site
Site where two or more space geodesy close instruments
(hundred meters) are operating
Surveyed in three dimensions, using classical or GPS geodesy
Differential coordinates (DX, DY, DZ) are available
DX(GPS,VLBI) = XVLBI - XGPS
GPS
SLR
VLBI
DORIS
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
17
Strenghts :
Contribution of Geodetic Techniques to the ITRF
Mix of techniques
is fundamental to
realize a frame that
is stable in origin,
scale, and with
sufficient coverage
Technique
Signal
Source
Obs. Type
VLBI
SLR
GPS
Microwave
Quasars
Time difference
Optical
Satellite
Two-way absolute
range
Microwave
Satellites
Range change
Celestial
Frame & UT1
Yes
No
No
No
Polar Motion
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Scale
Yes
Yes
No (but maybe in
the future!)
Yes
Geocenter
ITRF Origin
Geographic
Density
No
Yes
Future
Future
No
No
Yes
Yes
Real-time &
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
DORIS
ITRF access
Decadal
Stability
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
18
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
19
20
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
21
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
22
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
23
Conclusion
The ITRF
is the most optimal global RF available today
gathers the strenghs of space geodesy techniques
more precise and accurate than any individual RF
24
Backup slides
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
25
Z1
Rz
O1
Rx
O2
X2
RyY1
Y2
X1
X
X Tx D R z R y X
Y = Y + Ty + R z D R x Y
Z
Z R R D Z
y
x
2 1 Tz
1
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
26
Combination model
Output :
Station positions at a
reference epoch and linear
velocities
Earth Orientation
Parameters
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
27
Arequipa Earthquake
Fourth Meeting of the International Committee on GNSS, St. Petersburg, 14-18 Sept, 2009
28