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RN28191EN20GLA0
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
Objectives
After this module the participants should be able to:
Label a diagram of the elements and interfaces
used within the BSS
Describe the functions of the BSS elements
Describe RG20 transport features
RN28191EN20GLA0
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
GSM subsystems
OSS
PSTN
PSPDN
BSS
NSS
Mobile Station
PLMN
CSPDN
ISDN
PSTN
PSPDN
PLMN
CSPDN
ISDN
Control flow
User data flow
RN28191EN20GLA0
The GSM network is functionally divided into four elements. Base Station Subsystem
(BSS) is one of the main functional elements of the GSM network. The other elements
in the GSM network are the network switching subsystem (NSS), GPRS core network
to SGSN and network service and management subsystem (provided by NetAct).
The main function of the BSS is to connect the mobile subscriber's mobile station (MS)
to the GSM network and provide connections to the mobile switching centre (MSC), and
to GPRS core network, serving GPRS support node (SGSN). The BSS also takes care
of the mobility management of the cellular network including, for example, handover
management and various measurements.
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
GSM subsystems
NSS
Network Switching Subsystem
Switching
Mobility Management
Connection
BSS
Base Station Subsystem
Radio Resource Management
Radio Link Management
OSS
RN28191EN20GLA0
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
Circuit-switched/Packet-switched services
PCN
Internet
OSS
SCN
PSTN
BSS
Mobile Station
PLMN
SCN
PCN
Control flow
User data flow
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The Switching Core Network (SCN) comprises network elements that implement CS
services (e.g. voice calls), like Multimedia Gateway (MGW), Mobile switching centre
server (MSS).
Packet Core Network (PCN), on the other hand, supports PS data connections to
external networks (e.g. Internet).
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
BSS
BTS
MSC or
MGW/MSS
BSC
TCSM
BTS
MS
BTS
SGSN
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Transcoder, TCSM2
- considered as part of the BSC
- normally at the MSC site
- used for converting the bit rate of
traffic channels between 64 and 16
kbit/s
- speech activity detection
- framing and synchronisation of the
vocoder block
- interfaces to the MSC / BSC
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
BSS interfaces
SGSN
Gb
MSC
MGW
BSC
TCSM
Ater
BTS
Abis
MS
Um
AoIP
(TC in MGW)
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A interface
The interface between the mobile switching centre (MSC) or Multimedia Gateway
(MGW) and the base station controller (BSC) is implemented according to the GSM
specifications.
The Transcoder Submultiplexer (TCSM) is located normally at the MSC site, because
of the superior transmission savings possible with submultiplexing between the TCSM
and the BSC. A physical A interface used to consist of PCM lines or optical lines
between network elements. But with the introduction of the AoIP feature in RG20(BSS),
the A-interface between BSS and MGW can also be based on IP/Ethernet. There are
two scenarios for AoIP functionality:
1. AoIP Transcoder in BSS
The transcoder function is located in the BSS. The transcoder is the A over IP termination
point. The G.711/RTP/IP protocol is employed
The benefit for this configuration is that it utilizes existing transcoder capacity when
IP-connections in A-interface are used.
2. AoIP Transcoder in Core Network (MGW)
The transcoder function is located in the core network (that is, the 3G network architecture).
The BSC is the A over IP termination point. At the same time, the BSC
hides the mobility from the core network. The CODECx/RTP/IP protocol is
employed
RN28191EN20GLA0
BSS overview
BSS13
RG10
RG20
BSC
SMLC
Lb+
TCSM /
TRAU
BSC-BSC
MGW
MSC
HLR
BSC
Ater
BTS
Abis
Sigtran
O&M
NetActTM
Gb
SGSN
Integrated IP/ETH interfaces for Gb, BSC-BSC, LB+, Sigtran and O&M available today
Abis IP available today
Ater /Abis IP integrated for BSC3i and TCSM3i available today; external for legacy
Standardized AoIP with RG20
All interfaces are capable for IP/ETH connectivity with todays plans
Packet Abis coming on TOP offering additional advantages
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BSS overview
RG10EP
Legacy BSC
E1/T1
2G BTS
A-2200
E1/T1
A-1200
Packet Switched
Network
IP /
Ethernet
IP /
Ethernet
ETIP
BSC3i 1000/2000
Flexi BSC
Feature ID(s): BSS21481
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A-1200 and A-2200 supports Synchronous Ethernet, Timing Over Packet IEEE 15882008
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BSS overview
RG20
A over IP
Simplified Multipoint A configuration
Greater transport efficiency
The A-interface between BSS and MGW will be based on IP / Ethernet
Several scenarios are under discussion in 3GPP standardisation:
Transcoder in the BSS (G.711 / RTP / IP protocol)
Transcoder in MGW (CODECx / RTP / IP protocol)
Simplifies the system configuration in Multipoint A / Flexible A scenarios
Improved transport efficiency for the Transcoder in the MGW scenario through
standardising TrFO for GSM/EDGE
A over IP introduces new interface plug-in unit in the BSC and TCSM
ETP-A Exchange Terminal for Packet transport over A interface
ETP-A is responsible for IP processing and packet-PCM conversion for interfacing with
the BSC switching network
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When ETP-A is used for A over IP in stand alone TCSM3i, IP/Ethernet connection is needed between BSC and
TCSM3i for control functions
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Benefits for the Operator: The key benefit arises from the CAPEX / OPEX savings
that can be derived through employing IP networking. The flexibility of the solution is
also increased. Further, configuration is also simpler in Multipoint A type network
scenarios.
With Transcoder in the BSS, the existing transcoder capacity can be used along with
the new IP-connectivity at the A-interface.
With Transcoder in the Core Network, voice quality is enhanced since tandem coding
is no longer necessary and latency is also improved. A reduced transcoding capacity
is required in the BSS (realised in the Core Network).
Functional Description: There are two architecture options:
1. The Transcoder function is located in the BSS (that is, the standard GSM
architecture). The Transcoder is the A over IP termination point.
The G.711 / RTP / IP protocol is employed.
2. The Transcoder function is located in the Core Network (that is, the 3G
network architecture). The BSC is the A over IP termination point. At the
same time, the BSC hides the mobility from the Core Network.
The CODECx / RTP / IP protocol is employed.
For the Transcoding in BSS scenario, the ETP-A module is required for the TCSM3i,
which is managed from the BSC via Ethernet. For this configuration both A over TDM
and A over IP are supported within the same TCSM3i. The Abis interface may be
either Packet Abis (requiring both the ETS2 and ETP modules) or Legacy Abis.
When transcoding is performed within the Core Network, then the Abis interface
must be a Packet Abis type. Calls to Handsets on Packet Abis are routed on A over
IP directly to the Core Network transcoder. Calls to Handsets on a Legacy Abis are
routed via the TCSM3i to the Core Network (as normal). A handover between a
Packet Abis BTS and a Legacy Abis BTS is managed by the Core Network as an
Internal Handover.
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BSS overview
RG20
Packet Abis
TDM
IPoTDM
IPoTDM
BSC
Flexi EDGE
TCSM
TDM/ETS2+ETP
Ater
Packet Abis
Eth
IPoEth
IPoEth
Eth/ETP
TDM
TDM
PWE
PWE
AoIP
Eth/ETP-A
Flexi EDGE
Legacy Abis
TDM
TDM
TDM
(G.711)
TC in BSS
TDM
Flexi BSC
BSC3i 1000/2000
MGW
MGW 1)
TCSM3i
Packet / TDM conversion
Alternative interface
Note:
UltraSite, BTSplus, MetroSite support legacy Abis
Flexi EDGE supports both legacy Abis and Packet Abis
1) Support availability needs to be confirmed from MGW-supplier
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BSS overview
RG20
IPoTDM
IPoTDM
Flexi EDGE
BSC
TDM/ETS2+ETP
Packet Abis
Eth
IPoEth
IPoEth
TC
Eth/ETP
Eth/ETP-A
RG30
candidate
BSS101407
Flexi EDGE
Legacy Abis
TDM
AoIP
(CodecX )
TC in MGW
MGW
TDM
Any vendors
MGW
TDM
TDM
Flexi BSC
BSC3i 1000/2000
Note:
BTS must be connected via Packet Abis to BSC
BTS connected through legacy Abis to BSC is not supported until RG30. Prior
availability of Legacy Abis support with AoIP and TC in MGW following options exist:
Parallel use of AoIP (TC in MGW) for Packet Abis traffic and Ater/AoIP (TC in BSS) for legacy
Abis. Ater can utilize TDM or integrated IP/Ethernet (PWE3 CESoPSN).
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BSS overview
RG20
Packet Abis
IP
Packet Abis
IP
Ethernet
Ethernet
Packet Switched
Network
Eth
Eth
Flexi EDGE
13
BSC
RN28191EN20GLA0
Summary:
This fully integrated feature enables the transport of Abis information using native IP
over Packet Switched Networks (via Ethernet).
Benefits for the Operator:
The operator is able to employ Packet Switched Networks in order to provide the
transport backhaul for the Abis traffic, offering significant OPEX savings due to the
more cost effective physical media (Ethernet) and the simplified operation and
maintenance of the network that can then be derived. In addition to the physical
media benefit, Packet Abis also offers significant bandwidth savings in comparison
with traditional TDM- or PWE-based packet transport since it introduces a very
efficient and fully integrated Abis Optimization capability. The integrated Abis
Optimization also facilitates the introduction of high bandwidth features such as
EDGE Evolution and OSC without necessarily increasing the backhaul bandwidth
capacity requirement. Bandwidth can be shared by CS, PS and Signalling traffic.
There are no predefined limitations except the total available bandwidth provided by
the physical link.
Functional Description:
The Packet Abis solution removes the traditional TDM Abis structure, where the
static relationship between the Air and the Abis Interfaces is eliminated. Further, Abis
Optimization through the removal of silence and idle frames, multiplexing and
bandwidth sharing for the CS-Userplane; PS-Userplane; Control-Plane and
Management-Plane achieves significant bandwidth savings. If no data needs to be
sent then no capacity is occupied/utilised.
The Packet Abis U-Plane is transported over UDP/IP and the C-Plane/M-Plane is
transported over SCTP/IP. The physical interface supported is Ethernet.
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BSS overview
RG20
Bandwidth savings
Packet Abis
IP
MLPPP
Packet Abis
IP
MLPPP
E1/T1/SDH
E1/T1/FB
TDM
TDM Network
Flexi EDGE
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TDM
BSC
RN28191EN20GLA0
Summary:
This fully integrated feature enables the transport of Abis information using native IP over
Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) Networks.
Benefits for the Operator:
The operator can utilise the existing installed TDM Infrastructure, easing the introduction of
the Packet Abis solution.
Packet Abis over TDM offers significant bandwidth savings in comparison with traditional TDM
transport since it introduces a very efficient and fully integrated Abis Optimization capability.
Bandwidth can be shared by CS, PS and Signalling traffic as transmission resources are used
as pools. Pooling results as reduced number of TDM lines or reduced bandwidth with
Microwave radios/SDH transmission. Resource overbooking is possible: TRX number can
exceed transmission line nominal capacity. There are no predefined limitations except the
total available bandwidth provided by the physical links. The integrated Abis Optimization also
facilitates the introduction of high bandwidth features such as EDGE Evolution and OSC
without necessarily increasing the backhaul bandwidth capacity requirement.
Functional Description:
The Packet Abis solution removes the traditional TDM Abis structure, where the static
relationship between the Air and the Abis Interfaces is eliminated. Further, Abis Optimization
through the removal of silence and idle frames, multiplexing and bandwidth sharing for the
CS-Userplane; PS-Userplane; Control-Plane and Management-Plane achieves significant
bandwidth savings. That is, if no data needs to be sent then no capacity occupied/utilised.
The Packet Abis U-Plane is transported over UDP/IP/MLPPP and the C-Plane/M-Plane
transported over SCTP/IP/MLPPP. The physical interface supported is TDM.
Multiple E1 or T1 interfaces effectively provide virtual common bandwidth (larger pool) using
MLPPP. Packet Abis over TDM is supported by all existing Flexi EDGE BTS transport units,
including e.g. FIFA and FIYA/FIQA units. As Packet Abis over TDM allows to reduce
transmission capacity of individual BTS site this allows overbooking. Overbooking means
adding TRXs beyond transmission line nominal capacity.
Packet Abis IP/TDM Aggregation feature (BSS21539) allows to chain multiple BTS-sites and
perform transmission aggregation/optimization (=reduction) at every chained site. This unique
Multistage aggregation technique provides the most cost efficient TDM transmission option
on the market.
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BSS overview
BSS
15
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