the phrenic nerve which is formed from the cranial nerves : C3,4,5 keeps the diaphram alive.

PTT vs. PT ... PTT has T on INside - PTT evaluates INtrinsic pathway
(i.e. P "T" T)
Fluroquinolones hurt the attachments to yo bones.

How about PT=physical training=EXercise=EXtrinsic pathway

PANCREATITIS

BAD SH*T
B black scorpion bite
A alcohol
D drug (sulfur,tetacys, azothioprin)
S stones
H hyperlipidemia
* idiopathic
T trauma
ENDOCARDITIS= FAME
F ever A nemia M urmur E ndocarditis

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most."
Describes the 12 Cranial Nerves. If the word begins in M = motor, S = sensory, B = both. (ie:
Cr1 = sensory, Cr2 = sensory..etc.).

The triad of signs/symptoms in normal pressure hydrocephalus.

"wet , wacky, wobbly"
Incontinence , Dementia , Ataxia

hot= il-1= fever

T= il2= t cell stimulation

Bone= il3 = bone marrow stimulation

stE= il4= igE stimulation
Ak= il5= igA stimulation

Reiter's Syndrome: Can't pee, Can't see, Can't climb a tree.

Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII

On
Old
Olympus
Towering
Tops
A
Finn
And
German
Viewed
Astounding
Hops
Some
Say
Marry
Money
But
My
Brother
Says
Big
Breasts
Matter
Most

Oh
Oh
Oh
To
Touch
And
Feel
A
Girl's
Vagina
And
Hymus
Sensory
Sensory
Motor
Motor
Both
Motor
Both
Sensory
Both
Both
Motor
Motor

You have I nose & II eyes

I - Olfactory n.; II - Optic n.

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Auditory
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Extraocular muscles
LR6 - SO4 - R3
LR6 Lateral Rectus
SO4 Superior Oblique
Remaining eyeball
R3
movers

VI abducens
IV trochlear
III oculomotor

Branches of the facial nerve

Ten Zombies Bought My Car
Two Zulus Buggered My Cat
Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric, Cervical
Spinal Nerves
C3-4-5 keep the phrenic nerve (or diaphragm) alive
C5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve
innervate serratus anterior)
C5-6-7 "mus...culo...cutaneous?" Eros Sanchez 1999
Innervation of the penis
S2,3,4 keeps the penis off the floor
Refers to the innervation of the penis by branches of the pudendal nerve
which is derived from spinal cord levels S2-4.
Point, Shoot, Score
Parasympathetic for erection, Sympathetic for ejaculation, Somatomotor
for . . .
Supraorbital fissure
Structures that pass through it:
Luscious French Tarts Sit Naked In Anticipation Of Sex
Lacrimal nerve, Frontal nerve, Trochlear nerve, Superior branch of
oculomotor nerve, Nasociliary nerve, Inferior branch of oculomotor
nerve, Abducent nerve, Ophthalmic veins, Sympathetic nerves
Points of exit for Trigeminal nerve

Standing Room Only:

V1 - Superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen Rotundum
V3 - foramen Ovale
Cranial bones
Old People From Texas Eat spiders
or
Pest of 6:
Occipital, Parietal, Frontal, Temporal, Ethnoid, Sphenoid
Brachial plexus
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers:
Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
Extensor Compartment of the Arm
Beer

Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Eating CReoLe
Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Eating CRaB
Brevis
Eating Dog
Extensor Digitorum
Eating Dog's Mother Extensor Digiti Minimi
Even Cathy's
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Underwear

Great vessels
ABC'S of the aortic arch:
Aortic arch, Brachiocephalic trunk, the left common Carotid, and
the left Subclavian artery
Thoracic duct
The duck is between two gooses:
duck = thoracic duct
2 gooses = azyGOUS vein and esophaGOUS
Order of structures in groin (from lateral to medial)

NAVEL
Nerve, Artery, Vein, Empty space, Lymphatics
Muscles inserting into humerus
A lady between two majors
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major
attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi
attaches to the floor of bicipital groove.
The "lati" is between two "majors"
Pectoral nerves
"Lateral is less, medial is more"
Lateral pectoral nerve goes through pectoralis major, while medial
pectoral nerve goes though both pectoralis major and minor.
Carpal bones
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate,
Hamate.
Gluteal Muscles
Rhmye Time: "Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Med &
Min...first abduct the femur, then rotate it in."
All other gluteal muscles are lateral rotators of the femur.
BONUS: Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Minimus, and
Gluteus Maximus are all innervated by the Inferior Gluteal Nerve.
Radial nerve
"BEST"
It innervates the Brachioradialis, Extensors, Supinator, Triceps.
Median nerve
"LOAF"
It innervates the Lateral 2 Lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor
pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis.
Brachial Plexus Lesions

"DR. CUMA"
D - wrist Drop (is caused by...)
R - Radial nerve lesion
C - Claw hand (is caused by...)
U - Ulnar nerve lesion
M - Median nerve (lesion causes...)
A - Ape hand
Medial Malleolus
From Anterior to Posterior: "Tall Damsels Are Never Very
Happy"
Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum longus, posterior
tibial Artery, tibialNerve, saphenous Vein, flexor Hallucis longus tendon
Spleen
1,3,5,7,9,11
It measures 1x3x5 inches, weighs 7 ounces and lies between ribs 9-11.

Histology
Blood Constituents
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas:
Neutrophils, Leukocytes, Monocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils
Epidermis
Brent Spiner Gained Lieutenant Commander
or
Grandpa Shagged Grandmas Love Child:
Basale/Germinativum, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum
Collagen Types

Bone - Bone is collagen type I

Cartwolage - Cartilage is collagen type II

Embryology

Under construction . . . get it?

Biochemistry
Glycolysis
Goodness Lateral Rectus
Gracious Superior Oblique
Father
Fructose-6-P
Franklin Fructose-1,6-diP
Did
Dihydroxyacetone-P
Go
Glyceraldehyde-P
By
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
Picking 3-phosphoglycerate
Pumkins 2-phosphoglycerate
PrEPare Phosphoenolpyruvate [PEP]
Pies
Pyruvate

Citric Acid Cycle

Oh
Oxaloacetate
Citric
Citrate
Acid
Aconitate
Is
Isocitrate
Of
Oxalosuccinate
course
A
Alpha-ketoglutarate
SiLly
Succinyl-CoA
STupid Succinate
Funny Fumarate
Molecule Malate

Dicarboxylic acids (alpha, omega) from C2-C10

Oh My, Such Good Apple Pie, Sweet As Sugar:
oxalic, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic,
sebacic
Phosphate

In the Phasted (fasted) State, Phosphorylate:

Phosphorylation cascade active when blood glucose low.
Molecular Genetics
EXons EXpressed, INtrons IN the trash:
DNA expression into mature mRNA
Pyrimidines are "CUT" from purines.
Pyrimidines are Cytosine, Uracil, Thiamine and are one ring structures.
Purines are double ring structures.
Cell Cycle
Go Sally Go! Make Children!
G1, S, G2, M, C
Growth phase 1, DNA Synthesis (replication), Growth phase 2, Mitosis,
Cytokinesis.
Causes of Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Maggie May Does Not Smoke
Mutations, Migration, genetic Drift, Non-random mating, Selection.
Mitosis
People Meet And Talk, or
PMAT
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
Meiosis
PMAT x2
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I,
Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II,
(Note: 4 haploid daughter cells instead of 2 diploid daughter cells)

Pharmacology
Beta Adrenergic Receptor Distribution

One heart, two lungs

heart is primarily beta-1; airway is beta-2
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone
Sara Hates Men On Drugs
Serotonin, Histamine, Muscarinic agents, Opioids, Dopamine
Spinal Anesthesia
Little Boys Prefer Toys
Lidocaine, Bupivicaine, Procaine, Tetracaine

Physiology
Adrenal Cortex
"Go Find Rex, Make Good Sex"
Glomerulosa, Fasiculata, Reticulata
Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids, Sex hormones
Anterior Pituitary
FLAGTOP
F: Follicle Stimulating Hormone
L: Lutinizing Hormone
A: ACTH
G: Growth Hormone
T: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
O: MSH
P: Prolactin
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Parasympathetic: rest and digest
Erythropoiesis
"Profitable Businesses Pollute Our Rural Environment"
Proerythroblast, Basophilic, Polychromatophilic, Orthochromatic,
Reticulocyte, Erythroblast

Fat-soluble Vitamins
ADEK
Vitamins A,D,E, and K
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
Think of an exercising muscle for a rightward shift:
Exercising muscle is:
hot,
acidic (lactic acid),
hypercarbic,
and has increased 2,3-DPG.
It benefits from oxygen unloading from red blood cells
"Few T Bones Eaten At Arbys Need Seasoning Nowadays"
IL 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12
1 - Fever
2 - T cell stimulation
3 - Bone marrow stimulation
4 - IgE production
5 - IgA production
6 - Acute-phase reactant production
8 - Neutrophil attraction
10 - Stimulates Th2
12 - NK cell activation

I Fibrinogen
II Prothrombin
III Tissue factor
IV Calcium
V Proaccelerin, Labile factor
VI Unassigned Old name of Factor Va
VII Stable factor, proconvertin
VIII Antihemophilic factor A
IX Antihemophilic factor B or Christmas factor
X Stuart-Prower factor
XI Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
XII Hageman factor
XIII Fibrin-stabilizing factor
Mnemonics:
"Fresher's Party Tonight, Come Let's Sing And Call Seniors, Please Have Fun"
"Foolish People Try Climbing Long Slopes After Christmas, Some People Have Fallen"

"Fit Pants, Tight Collars, Loose American Shirts Are Cool Says Pretty Heroine Farah"
My favorite mnemonic is the pretty heroine one.. I drew it too :P
Sunglasses = Cool ;)
Here is how you draw the coagulation cascade:

Intrinsic pathway is activated by subendothelial collagen.

Extrinsic pathway is activated by tissue thromboplastin.
Another mnemonic:
1972 WEPT
1972: Factors 10, 9, 7 & 2
W: Warfarin
E: Extrinsic
PT: Prothrombin Time
Factors X, IX, VII, II are Vitamin K dependent.
Warfarin acts on extrinsic pathway, prothrombin time used to check it.
If you know this, the other one is the other one.
Heparin acts on intrinsic pathway, partial thromboplastin time is used to check it.

Here is one for hemophilia.

Remember in hemophilia, bleeding time is normal, PTT is increased.
That's all! ^_^
Hope you remember :)
May you always stay awesome <3 p="">

Citric acid cycle compounds

"Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?":
Oxaloacetate
Citrate
Isocitrate
Ketoglutarate
Succinyl coA
Succinate
Fumarate
Malate

G protein type for respective receptors

"KISS and KICK till you're SICK of SEX" (QISS and QIQ till you're SIQ of SQS):
This gives the G-protein type (Gq, Gi, or Gs) for all the receptors. Receptors are in
alphabetical order:
alpha1=Q
alpha2=I
beta1=S
beta3=S
M1=Q
M2=I
M3=Q
D1=S
D2=I
H1=Q
H2=S
V1=Q
V2=S

AIRBORNE(private room, negative pressure, DOOR CLOSED, N-95)

My - Measles( Rubeola)
Chicken - Chicken pox
Hez - Herpes zoster (shingles)
TB - Tuberculosis
DROPLET - Just remember SPIDERMAN (private room or with pt with same infection, 3ft
between infected person and visitors/patients, DOOR CAN BE OPEN, mask with transport)
Sepsis
Scarlet fever
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Pertussis
Parvovirus B19
Pneumonia
Influenza
Diptheria (pharyngeal)
Epiglottidis
Rubella
Mumps
Meningitis
Mycoplasma
Adenovirus
CONTACT - Remember MRS. WEE
Multiresistant drug organisms (MRSA, etc)
Respiratory infections (except those listed previously)
Skin infections
Wound infections

Enteric infections (C. Diff., etc)

Eye infections (conjunctivitis)

SKIN INFECTIONS - Remember VCHIPS

Varicella
Cutaneous diptheria
Herpes simplex
Impetigo
Pediculosis (lice)
Scabies

Dunno how helpful this will be to others, but I simply could NOT just randomly memorize
the schedule (or I refused to), so I came up w/ this mnemonic a few min ago... I just wrote
this off memory, so I think it works
1) The mnemonic is to memorize them in the order I found logical (following a pattern, and
simply adding to the pattern as you go along).
2) The first two H's are in alphabetical order, in case you forget the order.
3) The double "M's" in the last word are to remind you of "MMR"
HHating PeDs Immunization/Vaccination MmeHMorizing (lol)
Hep B:....... 0, 2, 6
HiB: ......... 2, 4, 6, 12 - 15
Pneumo: ... 2, 4, 6, 12 - 15
DTaP:....... 2, 4, 6, 15 - 18, 4 - 6 yrs, Td X 10 yrs
IPV: ........ 2, 4, 6,............ 4 - 6 yrs
Varicella:.............. 12 - 15
MMR: .................. 12 - 15, 4 - 6 yrs
Hep A: ..... 2 yrs
Mening: ... 11 - 12 yrs (or school)

Or

First, make a chart with four columns. Label them BIRTH, 2mo, 4mo, and 6mo. In each
column, you will have 1 vaccination, 6 vaccinations, 5, and 6 respectively. (I just remember
1,6,5,6).
The only vaccine at birth is HEP B. At two months, you get Hep B, IPV, Dtap, Pneumo, Rota,

and Hib (6 vaccines). 4 months, you get all of them except Hep B (5 vaccines). 6 months
you get all of them, just remember Hep B and IPV can range anywhere from 6-18 months
(6 vaccines at 6 months, plus remembering the ranges for Hep B and IPV...this is why I
write them first!)
Hopefully that made sense.
Now I remember the letters H,P,M,D (I remember this by saying Hewlett Packard, M.D. (as
in doctor) haha.
Hib 12-15 months
Pneumo 12-18 mo
MMR 12-18 mo
Dtap 15-18 mo
I remember the numbers by saying that the first three have 12's on the right side, last
three have 18's on the left side, and 15s in the corners.
Now for 4-6years I remember DIM (as in Dtap, IPV, and MMR).

Or

My favorite one

Here is how I remember Immunizations for NCLEX

Birth Hep B
2 Months DR Harry HIP
DTAP
Rotavirus
Hep B
Hib
Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV)
Pneumoccoccal
4 Months DR HIP
Dtap
Rotavirus
Hib
IPV

Pneumoccoccal
6 Months DR Harry HIP
Dtap
Rotavirus
Hep B
Hib
IPV
Pneumococcal
12-15 Months Hewlett V, Packard MD
Hib
Varicella
Pneumococcal
MMR
Dtap
4-6 yrs. old I Did My Vaccinations
IPV
Dtap
MMR
Varicella
7-18 yrs. old Don't Have MoNey
Dtap
HPV
Meningicoccal

X-linked Recessive disorders:

Bob's Father Has GOLD Wagon
B- brutton's agammaglobulinemia
F - fabry's
H - hunter's/ hemophilia A and B
G - G6PD deficiency
O - ocular albinism
L - lesch-nyhan

Or
Butch's Father Had a beautiful GOLD Watch
B- brutton's agammaglobulinemia
F - fabry's
H - hunter's/ hemophilia A and B
G - G6PD deficiency
O - ocular albinism
L - lesch-nyhan
D - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
W- wiskott-aldrich
D - duchenne's muscular dystrophy
W- wiskott-aldrich

Autosomal Dominant, I use the mnemonic:

"MOCHA STAND"
M. (Marfans & MEN)
O. (Osler-Weber-Rendu)
C. (Cholesterolemia)
H. (Huntington & von-Hippel-lindau)
A. (ADPKD & Achondroplasia)
S. (Spherocytosis)
T. (Tuberous Sclerosis)
A. (Adenosis polyposis)
N. (NF 1 and 2)
D. (myotonic Dystrophies)
Or
Autosomal dominant
MARFAHN
Marfan syndrome
Acute intermittent prophetic
Retinoblastoma
Familial hypercholesterolemia,familial adenomatous polyposis
Adpkd
Huntington disease,hereditary spherocytosis
Neurofibromatosis type 1
All you need to remember are x linked disease which are few,rest are
Most likely AR as said already

Autosomal recessive

a---- albinism ,alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

b-----beta thalassemia
c-----cystic fibrosis,CGD,CAH
d-----deafness(SNHL),dubin johnson
e-----enzyme deficiencies(glycogen storage and lysosomal storage)
f------friedrich's ataxia, fanconi anemia
g-----G6PD,galactosemia
h------hemochromatosis
s----sickle cell disease
p----phenylketonuria
w-----wilson's

Where are the brains lobes and what activities

does each lobe control?
The Frontal Lobe is located just behind the skull of the forehead, and it governs our ability to reason,
make judgments, organize information and control some motor/muscle functions.
The Parietal Lobe is near the back and top of the head. Its involved with visual attention, sensation (touch
and pressure) and integration of senses.
The Occipital Lobe is located at the back of the skull and controls vision.
The Temporal Lobes are located on each side of the head above the ears. They control hearing and are
related to smell, taste and short-term memory (especially visual and verbal).

Micro:
1.Urease + organisms"PUNCH":
Proteus,Ureaplasma,Nocardia,Cryptococci,Helicobacter
2.Oxidase + organisms"Pretty Vibrant Cut Necklaces":
Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Campylobacter
Neiserria
3.Bacteria with Capsules"Some Killers have pretty nice Big capsules"
Strep Pneumonia,Salmonella
Klebsiella
Hemophilus influenza

Psuedomonas,Pasturella
Neiserria
Bacteroides
Cryptococcus
4.Dimorphic Fungi
"Hello Brother,Cya Sister"
Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidiodes
Sporothrix
5.Bacteria with IGA proteases:
"HSN"(remember hsn.com!)
Hemophilus
Strep pneumonia
Neiserria
6.Immunization:
a.Killed Vaccines:
"RIP always"
Rabies
Influenza
Polio(salk)
A hepatitis
b.Live/attenuated vaccines:
"Mr.V.Z Mapsy"
Measles
Rubella
Varicella Zoster
Mumps
Adenovirus
Polio(sabin)
Yellow fever
7.DNA viruses:
" Amma has Pox, Papa has Parvo!"
Adeno
Herpes
Pox
Papova
Hepadna
Parvo

8.RNA viruses:
Positive sense:
"Call Pico & Flavi to come rightaway"
Calci
Picarno
Flavi
Toga
Corona
Retro
Negative sense:
"Pain results from our bunions always"
Paramyxo
rabies
filo
orthomyxo
bunya
arena
Miscellenous:
Hypersensitivity rxns:
"ACID":
Anaphylaxis
Cytotoxic
Immune complexes
Delayed Hypersensitivity
Biochem:
Essential Amino Acids:
"Pvt. TIM HALL"
Phenylalanine
Valine
Theronine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Arginine
Leucine
Lysine
Co-factors for PDH and Alpha Ketoglutarate:
"Tender Loving care for Nancy"
TPP
Lipoic acid
Coenxyme A
FAD
NAD

1. Lingual nerve course

*the lingual n. took a curve around the HYOGLOSSUS, "Well I'll be f***ed!"
said Wharthon duct; "The bastard's gone and crossed us!"
2. Scalp layers are : S - S-kin
C - C-onnective tissue
A - A-poneurosis
L - L-oose areolar tissue
P - P-ericranium
3. Sperme path is SEVEN-UP : S - Seminiferous
E - Epididymis
V - Vas deferans
E - Ejaculatory duct
N - nothing
U - urethra
P - Penis
4. Bell's Palsy is BELL'S PALSY: B - Blink abnormal
E - Earache
L - Lacrimation
L - Loss of taste
S - Sudden onset
PALSY of VII n. muscles
5. Arm fracture-nerves affected- is ARM : A- Axillary - head of humerus
R - Radial - midshaft
M - Median - supracondulat
6. Post. Mediastinum has 4 BIRDS : Esopha-GOOSE
Va-GOOSE
Azy-GOOSE
Thoracic DUCK
7. Celiac trunk branches are Left Hand Side (LHS):L - left gastric a.
H - hepatic a.
S - splenic a.
8. For the Aortic ARCH major branches you have to know your ABC'S :
A - aorta gives rise to :
B - brachiocephalic
C - common carotid
S - subclavian
9. PTERYGOID muscles action :say LA-teral or ME-dial and check your jaw
LA-teral - your mouth OPEN
ME-dial - your mouth close
10. PICORNA virus is PICORNA : P - Positive sense

ICO - sahedral
RNA - virus
11. Obligate Anaerobes are ABC : A - actinomyces
B - bacteroides
C - clostridium
12. RODS versus CONES...........roDs - D-im light
C-ones.........C-olor
13. LH versus FSH.................L- eydig F
H S-perm
H
14. CAROTID SINUS versus CAROTID BODY :
carotid S-inu-S..................pre-SS-ure
carotid b-O2-dy.................O2
15. Carbon Monoxide : CO blocks CO
carbonmonoxide blocks C-ytochrome O-xidase

Thoracoacromial trunk: branches

"Cadavers Are Dead People":
Clavicular
Acromial
Deltoid
Pectoral
Cartilage derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch (mandibular)
"I'M A Super Sexy Guy" (or Girl):
IncusMalleus
Anterior ligament of malleus
Spine of sphenoid
Sphenomandibular ligament
Genial tubercle of mandible
External jugular vein: tributaries
PAST:
Posterior external jugular vein
Anterior jugular vein
Suprascapular vein
Transverse cervical vein
Tibia vs. fibula: sizes
The Fibula is thin like a Flute.
The Tibia is thick like a Tuba.

Lingula location
LingULa = Left Upper Lobe
Serratus Anterior: nerve vs. blood
LoNg thoracic: Nerve
LAteral thoracic: Artery

Posterior mediastinum: contents

DATES:
Descending aorta
Azygos and hemiazygous veins
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Sympathetic trunk/ganglia
Grey vs. white rami communicantes
WhIte = On the Way In to the sympathetic trunk
GrEy = Exiting the sympathetic trunk
Superior orbital fissure: structures passing through
"Live Free To See Absolutely No Insult":
Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Superior branch of oculomotor nerve
Abducent nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Inferior branch of oculomotor nerve
Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels
"Voice Of America":
In order from smallest to highest spinal number:
Vena cava: T8Oesophagus: T10Aorta: T12
External carotid artery branches
"So Long For Acting Old Parenting Means Stability":
Superior thyroid
Lingual
Facial
Ascending pharyngeal
Occiptal
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

branches of external carotid artey

"Some Anatomists Like Frog Others Prefer S and M"
Superior thyroid
Asending phayngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
post . auricular
sup. temporal
maxilary

branches of occipital artery

M. M. DAS
muscularigastric, stylohyoid, spenius, loggisimus capitis
meningeal
desending
auricular
sternomastoid

branches of subclavian artery

VICT
vertibral
intrenal thoracic
costocervical
thyrocervical

structures found in parotid gland

GRAPES,Food
G-GREATER AURICULAR NERVE
R-RETROMANDIBULAR VEIN
A-AURICULO TEMPORAL NERVE
P-PAROTID DUCT
E-EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY
S-SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY & VEIN
F-FACIAL NERVE{MOTOR BRANCHES}

Heres one of those things in pathology that will lead you to pull all your hair out: what is the difference
between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome?

Ugh. They both involve the kidney, they both are syndromes so theyre probably both constellations of
findings, and the names are maddeningly similar except for one stinking vowel. How can a person be
expected to memorize these things?
Lets start with the main features of each syndrome. Well pick four features for each, since its really hard
to remember more than four of anything.
Nephrotic syndrome:
1. Massive proteinuria
2. Hypoalbuminemia
3. Edema
4. Hyperlipidemia/hyperlipiduria (Reason is when low albumin liver produces lipids to compensate)
Nephritic syndrome:
1. Hematuria
2. Oliguria
3. Azotemia
4. Hypertension
How do you make these lists hang together in a way that you can remember?
First, lets take nephrotic syndrome. The thing to remember for this one is massive proteinuria. You
might do this by remembering that nephrotic and protein both have an o in them. The massive
proteinuria in these patients leads to hypoalbuminemia (they are peeing out albumin!), which results in
edema (the oncotic pressure in the blood goes down, and fluid leaks out of the vasculature into the
surrounding tissue). So right there, you have three of the four features, just by remembering one. The
cause of the last feature, hyperlipidemia/hyperlipiduria, is less well-understood, so youre just going to
have to memorize that one. As an aside, nephrotic syndrome is often more dangerous than nephritic
syndrome, so you might want to think of this syndrome as the oh sh*t syndrome (again nephrotic has
an o in it, nephritic does not). Crude, but if it works, who cares?
In nephritic syndrome, there is some proteinuria and edema, but its not nearly as severe as in nephrotic
syndrome. The thing with nephritic syndrome is that the lesions causing it all have increased cellularity
within the glomeruli, accompanied by a leukocytic infiltrate (hence the suffix -itic). The inflammation
injures capillary walls, permitting escape of red cells into urine. Hemodynamic changes cause a decreased
glomerular filtration rate (manifested clinically as oliguria and azotemia). The hypertension seen in
nephritic syndrome is probably a result of fluid retention and increased renin released from ischemic
kidneys.
If you really want to pare it down if you only have enough brain space to remember one feature for each
disorder remember that nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria (the o in
nephrotic), and nephritic syndrome is characterized by inflammation (the -itic in nephritic). Then at
least youll have a shot at remembering the other features.

Tay Sach's features

SACHS:
Spot in macula
Ashkenazic Jews
CNS degeneration
Hex A deficiency
Storage disease
Extra details with TAY:
Testing recommended
Autosomal recessive/ Amaurosis
Young death (<4 yrs)