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Democracy: Government by the people; that form of government in which the sovereign power resides in
the people as a whole, and is exercised either directly by them (as in the small republics of antiquity), or by
officers elected by them. In modern use often more vaguely denoting a social state in which all have equal
rights, without hereditary or arbitrary differences in rank or privilege. From the ancient Greek: demos:
people and kratos: rule (Oxford English Dictionary).
Republic: a state in which supreme power rests in the people, and their elected representatives or officers,
as opposed to being government by a king or similar ruler. From the Latin res: thing or affair and publica:
public. (Oxford English Dictionary).
Overview:
This is a course in empirical democratic theory. Its goals are threefold: first, to make students conversant in
some of the major controversies in normative democratic theory over the past 200 years; second, to train
students to understand how this theory has shaped empirical investigations in contemporary political
science; and third, to understand how the findings of empirical research, in turn, have contributed to
normative and empirical theory about democracy in political science.
Requirements:
This is a graduate seminar. Students are expected to attend class and participate in classroom discussion.
Students are expected to come to class prepared to discuss the material assigned for the day. They also are
expected to complete all assignments in a timely manner.
Grading:
Exam 1: 30%
Exam 2: 30%
Literature Review: 25%
Literature Review Presentation: 5%
Class Presentations and Contributions: 10%
Exams:
The goal of the exams is to get students to integrate the material considered in class. Exams will be take-
home, open-book exams comprised of questions given out in class. The Midterm will be due on March 13
at the beginning of class. The final will be due on May 1 at the beginning of the final exam period. Papers
that are late will be lowered by one whole grade per day. If you can not get a paper in on time due to
personal circumstances, contact Dr. Harpham immediately. There will be page limits to each question.
Students may not talk to any one else about the questions except the professor. Failure to answer the
questions by yourself will result in a grade of F. Questions will be handed out one week before the exam.
Literature Review:
Each student will write a 10-12 page literature review on a topic in empirical democratic theory approved
by the instructor. Papers topics must be selected by January 30 and be completed by April 10. Students are
encouraged to pursue topics that might help them research a dissertation topic or a conference paper. The
goal is to bring together the theoretical controversies and empirical findings in a particular area of research.
Literature reviews will be based upon a survey of relevant books and leading journals in political science
and political theory over the past 25 years. Ten minute presentations summarizing these reviews will be
delivered to the class in the final two class periods. Students must be able to justify why certain journals
were used and others were not. The literature review should:
Identify the major themes and issues on this topic raised in the journal literature over the
past 25 years.
Identify and summarize the major approaches and methods used to analyze the themes
and problems in the literature.
Explain what you believe are the key ideas and problems that will shape the literature in
this field in the future.
Provide a fully annotated bibliography at the end using APSR style with embedded
references.
Students will deliver a 10-minute presentation summarizing their literature review at the end of the
semester. Presentations will be graded based upon a student’s ability to (1) identify the key themes and
concerns found in the literature (2) and, clarity of expression. Students are encouraged to develop power
point presentations and handouts where appropriate.
Class Presentations:
Each student will be assigned at least 3 brief (5 minute) class presentations drawn from the readings in the
class. Some presentations may be group presentations. The goal of these presentations is to engage
critically the readings under discussion. Students should discuss their presentations with Dr. Harpham prior
to class.
Required Texts:
Dunn, John. Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1979/1993.
Critical Review
European Journal of Political Theory
History of Political Thought
Journal of Political Philosophy
Journal of Theoretical Politics
Political Theory
Review of Politics
Additional Reading:
Sen, Amartya "Democracy as a Universal Value." Journal of Democracy 10.3 (1999) 3-17.
Hardin, Russell. "Democracy." In Terence Ball, James Farr, and Russell Hardin eds. Political
Innovation and Conceptual Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Required Reading:
Additional reading
Foriers, Paul and Chaim Perelman, "Natural Law and Natural Rights." Dictionary of the
History of Ideas. www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm
Post, Gaines "Ancient Roman Ideas of Law." Dictionary of the History of Ideas .
www.etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anacV.htm
Required Reading:
Additional Reading:
Marini, Frank. "Popular Sovereignty but Representative Government: The Other
Rousseau." Midwest Journal of Political Science (Renamed American Journal of
Political Science) (Summer: 1967).
Putterman, Ethan. "Rousseau on Agenda Setting and Majority Rule." APSR. Vol. 97, no.
3 (August 2003): 459-469.
Required Reading:
Additional Reading:
Becker, Gary S. "Competition and Democracy." Journal of Law and Economics. 105,
108 (1958)..
Planematz, John. "Schumpeter and the Free Competition of Power." In Democracy and
Illusion. London: Longman, 1973. Pp. 95-129.
Required Reading:
§ Held: Chapter 1
Additional Reading:
§ Dahl, Robert A. Preface to Democratic Theory. New Haven: Yale University Press.
§ Dahl, Robert A., Ian Shapiro and Jose Antonio Cheibub eds., The Democracy
Sourcebook
§ Dahl, Ronbert A and Edward R. Tufte. Size and Democracy. Stanforde: Stanford
University Press, 1973.
§ May, J.D. "Defining Democracy: A Bid for Coherence and Consensus." In Political
Studies, March 1979
Required Reading:
Amy, Douglas J.. "What are Voting Systems and Why are They Important."
www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/why_are_voting_systems_imp
ortant.htm
Eulau, Heinz, John C. Wahlke, William Buchanan, and Leroy C. Ferguson, "The Role of
the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke."
American Political Science Review. VOl 53, No. 3 (September 1959): 742-56.
Additional Reading:
Bowler,Shaun, Todd Donovan, and David Brockington, Electoral Reform and Minority
Representation: Local Experiments with Alternative Elections
Gerring,John Strom C. Tacker, and Carola Moreno, Centripetal Democratic Governance:
A Theory and Global Inquiry." American Political Science Review. Vol. 99. No. 4
(November 2005): 567-581.
Rush, Mark E. and Richard L. Engstrom , Fair and Effective Representation? Debating
Electoral Reform and Minority Rights
Kukathas, Chandran. "Are There Any Cultural Rights?" Political Theory (February 1992)
Kymlicka, Will. "The Rights of Minority Cultures: Reply to Kukathas". Political Theory.
(November 1992).
Pitkin, Hannah. "Representation." In Terence Ball, James Farr, and Russell Hardin eds.
Political Innovation and Conceptual Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1989.
Pole, John R. Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American
Republic, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.
Rosenthal, Alan, Bardett A. Loomis, John R. Hibbing, and Karl T Kurtz, Republic on
Trial: The Case for Representative Government. CQ Press, 2002.
Required Reading:
US Constitution
Sheehan, Colleen. "Madison v. Hamilton: The Battle over Republicanism and the Role of
Public Opinion." APSR. Vol. 98, No. 3 (August 2004): 405-24.
Whittington, Keith E."Interpose Your Friendly Hand: Political Supports for the Exercise
of Judicial Review by the United States Supreme Court." American Political Science
Review. Vol. 99 No. 4 (November 2005): 583-96.
Wood, Gordon. "Democracy and the American Revolution." In John Dunn (ed.),
Democracy: The Unfinished Journey 508-1993. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Pp. 91-105.
Required Reading:
Special Assignments:
Abizadeh, Arash. "Does Liberal Democracy Presuppose a Cultural Nation?" APSR. Vo.
96, No. 3. (September 2002): 495-509.
Conover, Pamela Johnston, Donald D. Sterling, and Ivor Crew, "the Elusive Ideal of
Equal Citizenship: Political Theory and Political Psychology in the United States and
Great Britain." Journal of Politics. Vol. 66. No. 4 (November 2004): 1036-1068
Costa, Dora and Matthew E. Kahn. "Civic Engagement and Community Heterogeneity:
An Economist’s Perspective." Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 1 No, 1 (March 2003): 103-
11.
Freedman, Paul, Michael Franz, and Kenneth Goldstein, "Campaign Advertising and
Democratic Citizenship." AJPS. Vol. 48, No. 4 (October 2004): 723-41.
Gannett, Robert T. Jr. "Bowling Ninepins in Tocqueville’s Township." APSR. Vol. 97,
no. 1 (February 2003): 1-16.
Inglehart, Ronald. "How Solid is Mass Support for Democracy – And How Can We
Measure It?" PS. Vol. XXXVI. No. 1 (January 2003): 51-57.
Nasr, Vali."The Rise of Muslim Democracy" Journal of Democracy. Vo. 16. No. 2 (April
2005).
Verba, Sidney. "Would the Dream of Political Equality Turn Out to Be a Nightmare."
Perspectives on Politics. Vol. 1 No. 4 (December 2003): 663-79.
Additional Readings:
Nye, Joseph, Philip Zelikow and David King, eds, Why Americans Mistrust Government
(1997)
Putnam, Robert. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community
(2000)
Special Assignments:
Berry, Brian J.L., Euel Elliott, Edward J. Harpham, and Heja Kim. Rhythms of American
Politics. University Press of America, 1998.
Highton, Benjamin. "Voter Registration and Turnout in the United states." Perspectives
on Politics. Vol. 2 No. 3. (September 2004): 507-15.
Jones, David R. and Monika L. McDermott, "The Responsible Party Model in House and
Senate Elections." AJPS. Vol. 48. No. 1 (January 2004): 1-12.
McDonald, Michel P. and Samuel L. Potkin, "The Myth of the Vanishing Voter." APSR
vol. 95, No. 4. (December 2001): 963-74.
Meffert, Michael F.,Helmut Norpoth, and Anirudh V.S. Ruhil, "Realignment and
Macropartianship." APSR vo.l 95. no.4. (December 2001): 953-62.
Niemi, Richard and Paul Herrnson. "Beyond the Butterfly: The Complexity of U.S.
Ballots." Perspectives on Politics Vol. 1. No. 2 (June 2003): 317-26.
Symposium: Assessments of the 2004 Presidential Vote Forecasts." Vol. XXXVIII. No. 1
(January 2005): 23-40.
Symposium: Forecasting the 2004 Presidential Election." PS. Vol XXXVII. No, 4
(October 2004): 733-68.
Wlezian, Christopher. "On Forecasting the Presidential Vote." PS. Vol. XXXIV. No. 1
(March 2001): 25-31.
Required Readings:
Held: Chapter 4
Special Assignments:
Dahl., Robert A. Who Governs? New Haven: Yale University Press, 1960.
Gunnell, John G.. "The Real Revolution in Political Science." PS Vol XXXVII. No. 1
(January 2004): 47-50.
Key, V.O. Politics, Parties, and Pressure Groups. 5th edition. New York: Thomas
Crowell, 1942-67.
McConnell, Grant. Private Power and American Democracy. New York, Knopf, 1967.
Warren, Mark. "What Does Corruption Mean to Democracy?" AJPS Vol. 48, No. 2
(April 2004): 328-43.
Required Reading:
Additional Readings:
Barber, Benjamin J. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age. Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1984, 2003.
Bohman, James. "Deliberative Toleration." Political Theory. Vol. 31. No. 6 (December
2003): 757-79.
Mueller, John. Capitalism, Democracy and Ralph’s Pretty Good Grocery Store (1999)
Nino, C.S. The Constitution of Deliberative Democracy. New Haven: Yale University
Press, 1996.
Sanders, Lynn M. "Against Deliberation." Political Theory. Vol. l, 25. No 3 (June 1997):
347-76.
Warren, Mark. "What Can Democratic Participation Mean Today?" Political Theory.
Vol. 30. No. 5 (October 2002): 677-701.
Suggested Readings:
April 10: American Democracy and the Culture Wars and Class Presentations I
Required Reading:
Held; Chapter 9
Additional Reading:
Ansolabehere, Stephen, Jonathan Rodden, and James M. Snyder, Jr. "Purple America."
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (September
2005).www.iq.harvard.edu/NewsEvents/Seminars-WShops/PPBW/ansolabehere.pdf
Fleisher, Richard and Jon R. Bond. 2004. "The Shrinking Middle in the US Congress."
British Journal of Political Science. 34: 429-451.
April 17: Democratic Peace Theory and Class Presentations II
Required Reading:
Held: Chapter 10
Special Assignments:
Crescenzi, Mark J.C. and Andrew J. Enterline. "Ripples from the Waves: A Systemic
Time-Series Analysis of Democracy, Democratization, and Interstate War." Journal of
Peace Research (January 1999): 75-94.
Forum on the Democratic Peace. APSR. Vol. 99. No. 3 (August 2005): 453-72.
Huntington, Samuel P. "Democracy for the Long Haul" Journal of Democracy vol 7 no.
2 April 1996
Ray, James Lee. "Does Democracy Cause Peace?" Annual Review of Political Science 1
(1998): 27-46. www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ray.htm
Rosato, Sebastian. "The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory." APSR. Vol. 97, No.
4 (November 2003): 585-602.
Special Assignments:
Diamond, Larry and Marc F. Plattner, eds. Global Resurgence of Democracy. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Plattner, Marc "Globalization and Self Government." Journal of Democracy. (July 2002).
Plattner, Marc. "From Liberalism to Liberal Democracy." Vol. 10. No. 3 (July 1999):
121-34.
Plattner, Marc. "Liberalism and Democracy: Can’t Have One Without the Other."
Foreign Affairs. (March/April: 1998).
Shattuck, John and J. Brian Alwood, "defending Democracies: Why Democrats Trump
Autocrats." Foreign Affairs. (March/April 1998).
Zakaria, Fareed. "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy." Foreign Affairs.
(November/December 1997).
Additional Reading:
Esquith, Stephen L. "Toward a Democratic Rule of Law." Political Theory. Vol. 27, No.
3 (June 1999): 334-56.