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Ventilation Rates

The building regulations require those habitable rooms and toilets are to be
vented by natural or mechanical means.

Natural Ventilation
A habitable room requires one or more ventilation openings, the total area of
which must not be less than 1/20 th. of the floor area of the room, and some
part of the opening must be more than 1.7 metres above floor level.
When ventilation is by mechanical means, one air change per hour must be
provided to habitable rooms and three air changes per hour to bathrooms and
kitchens.

Design Criteria
To design a ventilation system, the engineer has to meet two basic
requirements:
1.

2.
To change the air in the room sufficiently so that smells, fumes and
contaminants are removed.

Ventilation Rates in CIBSE guide


The following table gives Ventilation Rates for buildings.
Table 3.1 CIBSE Guide B2 (2001) Summary of recommendations
(Extract from Table)

Building sector

sbandry
halls

To supply fresh air for the occupants

Section
number
3.24.1
3.3

Recommendations
See Table 3.20
See Table 3.6

ing studios
es
nc. commercial kitchens)
ms
l residential buildings
rooms
ms
s (photographic)
oms
(inc. high-rise dwellings)
and warehouses
non-domestic) buildings
re
and health care buildings

ventilation
ies
, libraries and art

ms
nd educational buildings
retail premises
ntres (inc. swimming
rooms

3.4
3.5
3.24.2
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.24.3
3.24.4
3.24.5
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.24.6
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17

Depends on nature of exhibits

3.2
3.18
3.19
3.20

See Tables 3.2 and 3.3


Specific regulations apply, see section 3.18
See Table 3.18
5 - 8 litres/s per person

3.21

See Table 3.19

3.24.7

3.22

ation buildings (inc.

See section 3.4.3


6 -10ACH (but heat gain should be assessed)
4 - 6 ACH (but heat gain should be assessed)
30 - 40 ACH
See Tables 3.11 and 3.12
0.5 - 1 ACH
See Table 3.13
As for typically naturally ventilated buildings
6 - 10 ACH (but heat gain should be assessed)
As offices for ventilation (but heat gain should be assessed)
0.5 - 1 ACH
See 3.11.1 for regulatory requirements
4 - 6 ACH for office areas; up to 10ACH for meeting space.
30 - 50 litres/s/m2 for greenhouses (45 - 60 ACH)
See Table 3.15
10 - 15 ACH minimum for guest rooms with en-suite bathroo
Sufficient to minimise airborne contamination
6 - 15 ACH (allowance must be made for fume cupboards)

3.23

45 - 60 ACH
Building Regulations apply; opening windows of area 1/20th o
area or mechanical ventilation at 6 litres/s per WC or 3 ACH m
for non-domestic buildings; opening windows area 1/20th of
(1/30th in Scotland) or mechanical extract at 6 litres/s (3 ACH
Scotland) minimum for dwellings.
6 ACH for car parks (normal operation)
10 ACH (fire conditions)

The Table below gives Ventilation rates required to limit CO2 concentration
where level of activity is known.

Table 3.2 CIBSE Guide B2 (2001) Ventilation rates required to limit CO2
concentration for differing activity levels
Activity

Minimum ventilation requirement


Litres /s per person
0.5% CO2 limit
0.25% CO2 limit

Seated quietly

0.8

1.8

Light work

1.3 2.6

2.8 5.6

Moderate work

2.6 3.9

N/A

Heavy work

3.9 5.3

N/A

Very heavy work

5.3 6.4

N/A

The following table gives fresh air rates.


Table 3.3 CIBSE Guide B2 (2001) Recommended outdoor air supply rates for
sedentary occupants.
Level of Smoking

Outdoor air supply rate


(litre/s per person)

No smoking
Some smoking
Heavy smoking
Very heavy smoking

8
16
24
36

The table below is an extract from Table 3.6 and gives rates for Assembly Halls
and Auditoria
Design Requirements : Assembly halls and auditoria
Parameter

Design requirement

Fresh air ventilation


rates

To suit occupancy levels

Air change rate

3 4 air changes per hour for


displacement strategy

6 10 air changes per hour


for high level mechanical
strategy

Ventilation Calculations
The following formulae may be used:

1. For General Mechanical Ventilation


Ventilation rate (m3/h) =
(m3)

Air Change Rate (/h) x Room Volume

Air Change Rate (/h) comes from CIBSE Guide B2 Table 3.1
Ventilation rate (m3/s) =

Ventilation rate (m3/h) / 3600

2. For Calculating Fresh Air Ventilation Rates


Fresh Air Rate (m3/s)
=
number of occupants

Fresh Air rate per person (l/s/p)

Fresh Air rate per person (l/s/p) comes from CIBSE Guide B2 Table 3.3.

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