Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
IN GRAVITY
Sudipta Sarkar
=c 3
Temp: T =
8 k BGM
Laws of BH mechanics
GRAVITY
4 k B c 3 M 2 k B A
Entropy: S =
= 2
G=
4l p
Laws of thermodynamics
THERMODYNAMICS
A. Yes.
T Jacobson ( Prl, 1995), T Padmanabhan (CQG, 2004)
One can obtain Einsteins field equations as thermodynamic
identity .
ds 2 = f (r )dt 2
T =T
r
r
t
t
1
dr 2 r 2 d 2
f (r )
and
T =T
On horizon ( r = a ) : f (a) = 0
TdS = dE + PdV
Questions:
1. Is this a special feature of Einstein Gravity ?
Lanczos-Lovelock Gravity:
Basic inputs:
1. General Covariance
2. Quasi linearity of field equations.
(D)
m
Field equation:
Gab + H ab = 8 Tab
Equations of motion are linear in 2nd derivative of metric
So, initial value problem is well defined.
Consider spherically symmetric solutions:
1
ds = f (r )dt + f (r )dr + r d
2
2
D2
Field equation:
2 (a )a 2
af (a ) ( D 3) + 2 ( D 5) =
r
D2
= ( D 3)( D 4)
r
Tr
(r ) =
8
AD 2 D 2 D 2 2 ( D 2) AD 2 a D 3
d
a 1 +
2 d
1 + 2 = PdV
2 4
16
a
D 4 a
TdS = dE + PdV
AD 2 D 2 D 2 2
S=
a 1 +
2
4
D4 a
Matches
Exactly!!
( D 2) AD 2 a D 3
E=
1 + 2
16
a
General Lovelock case:
Equations of motions are:
a
b(m)
ai
(D)
=
g
L
g
m
ib
g
g
t
t (m)
1
G =R R
2
t
t
t
t
S = 4 cm d D 2 x LDm12
m =1
k
( D 2)
D2
d 4 mcm Lm 1 d y
2 m =1
H
2m
k
1
D (2 m +1)
= PdV + d cm
AD 2 a
(D j)
j =2
m =1 16
S = 4 cm d
m =1
D2
x L
D 2
m 1
2m
1
E = cm
AD 2 a D (2 m +1) ( D j )
16
m =1
j =2
k
ds 2 =
+
sin 2
(dt a sin 2 d ) 2 +
(adt (r 2 + a 2 )d ) 2
2
2
dr 2 + 2 d 2
r = R = M + (M2 a2 Q2)1/2
The intrinsic geometry is not spherical.
Near horizon Field equation can be cast into:
TdS = dM WH dJ F dQ
This is also true for time dependent evolving horizons.
All these points to the fact that the thermodynamic
interpretation of the field equations are quite generic.
Summery:
1. The metric theory of gravity can be cast into a thermodynamic
interpretation at least in the presence of a space time horizon.
2. Such a interpretation is quite generic and holds true even for
a class of lagrangians namely Lovelock type which gives
quasi linear equations . But, one can show that, this is not
valid for a general f (R) type of Lagrangians. This suggest
a relation between equilibrium space time thermodynamics
and quasi linearity.
3. If these approaches has any grain of truth, gravity is an emergent
phenomenon of the underlying microstructure as the elasticity
of solids.
References:
Thermodynamic route to Field equations in Lanczos-Lovelock
Gravity.
Aseem Paranjape, Sudipta Sarkar, T. Padmanabhan
Phys. Rev. D, 74, 104015 (2006), [hep-th/0607240].