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ME 582
TURBULANCE
Term Project
: 02/06/2014
Kinematic viscoisty:
The Changing parameters are the velocity and the angle of attack. When the attack angle is
4,8,12 and 16, the effect of velocity to flow structure around airfoil will examine. For this,
the velocity is chanced between 5m/s and 20m/s.
x
148
3108
3108
3108
148
-1850
148
y
1850
1850
0
-1850
-1850
0
0
z
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The following AB, BC, CD, DE, EG, GA, CG lines and AF, EF arcs created by line and arc
commands respectively.
Operating toolpad Geometry command button Edge command button Create
edge
The created edges are joined together to form faces. For this, the first face is formed by
joining the AB, BC, CG and GA. For the second face; ED, DC, CG and GE edges joined. For
the half circle face; GA, AF, FE and EG edges joined to form face.
Operating toolpad Geometry command button Face command button
Creating Mesh in Gambit;
In previous section, the faces defined. In here, the faces will mesh for desired solution. Before
meshing the faces, the point distribution should be defined to obtain desired mesh. The details
of point distribution are defined in the table below;
Edges
GA
BC
AB
CG
EG
Arrow direction
Upwards
Upwards
Left to right
Left to right
Downward
1.15(successive ratio)
1.15(successive ratio)
2.96(First length)
2.96(First length)
1.15(successive ratio)
Interval
45(count)
45(count)
60(count)
60(count)
45(count)
CD
DE
HI
HJ
IG
JG
AF
EF
Downward
Left to right
From H to I
From H to J
Left to right
Left to right
From A to F
From E to f
1.15(successive ratio)
2.96(First length)
2.96(Last length)
2.96(Last length)
1(successive ratio)
1(successive ratio)
2.96(First length)
2.96(First length)
45(count)
60(count)
40(count)
40(count)
2.96(size)
2.96(size)
75(count)
75(count)
Velocity inlet
Velocity inlet
Pressure outlet
Wall
respectively. Spalart Allmaras method is chosen for viscous model. The Spalart-
Allmaras model was designed for aerospace applications involving wall-bounded flows. For
operation condition atmospheric pressure settled as 84.2 kPa. In boundary condition setting,
the velocity entered as x and y components. To arrange the angle of attack, the velocity
components multiplied by sinus and cosines components of attack angle.
show the upper surface pressure. The pressure difference between the surfaces cause lift
forces. By increasing the attack angle the lower surface pressure is increased. The area
between the curves also shows this effect. However, when the angle of attack is 16, the
pressure on upper surface is chanced. The reason of that is the separation of flow from the
wall. The velocity and pressure chances inversely. If there is no velocity, the pressure will be
higher when it is compared with separation case.
=0
=4
=12
=8
=16
Figure1: Effect of attack angle to the flow structure around NACA0021 airfoil when the
velocity is 12m/s
In figure 3, the effect of velocity to pressure distribution along NACA0021 airfoil at 8 angle
of attack is examined. By increasing the velocity, the amplitude of the pressure difference
between lower and upper surfaces increases and it causes higher lift forces.
=0
=4
=8
=12
=16
V=2m/s
V=6m/s
V=4m/s
V=8m/s
V=10m/s
V=12m/s
V=14m/s
V=16m/s
Figure 3: Pressure distribution along NACA0021 airfoil in the case of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14
and 16m/s free stream velocity when the attack angle is 8.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the pressure difference causes lift force and it increases by
increasing the attack angle and velocity. However, the attack angle can increase up to stall
angle. Because the flow begins to separate from wall and it can cause sudden decrease in lift
coefficient.
References;
Wolfe P. W., Ochs S. S., Predicting Aerodynamic Characteristics of Typical Wind Turbine
Airfoils Using CFD, Sandia Report, SAND96-2345, USA, 1997.
Logsdon N., A Procedure for Numerically Analyzing Airfoils and Wing Sections, Thesis of
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Missouri, Columbia,
2006.
Weidner
S.,
Cornell
University
Learning
Modules,
https://confluence.cornell.edu/display/SIMULATION/FLUENT+Learning+Modules,
last
update may 2014.