Computer &

Internet
Literacy Course
(CILC)

Program Orientation
Your ability to function effectively in the
st
21 Century is directly linked to your
ability to increase your spot knowledge in
widely varied and unanticipated areas
quickly........If you dont have the skills to
find out, you will be left behind

UCLA video on information literacy titled

e-Literate

ICT Basics

Lesson 1.
ICT Basics

After completing this

lesson, you will be able to
understand what is
Information Technology
Data
Data Processing
Information
Computers

After completing this

lesson, you will be able to
understand and enumerate
Data Processing Methods
Three Stages of Computing
Types of computers
Data Processing Methods
Characteristics of Computers
Limitations of Computers
Computer System Components
Basic Hardware Components
Components of a CPU (Central Processing Unit)

After completing this

lesson, you will be able to
understand and enumerate
Types of Primary Memory
Types of Secondary Memory
Input Devices
Output devices
Input /Output Devices
Support Hardware
Software Categories
Generations of Computers

After completing this

lesson, you will be able to
understand and enumerate
System Softwares
Application Softwares
Peopleware
Common Types of Network
Network Devices

ICT Basics
ICT - is the convergence of computer technology and
communication technology.
Data is a collection of raw facts, numbers, letters,
and symbols
Data Processing is a series of activities that
transform data into information.
Information is a data that is made meaningful based
on the needs of the user

Computer
is an electronic device that
accepts data
stores & process data
output results

Types of Information
Operational
Management
Strategic

Data Processing Methods

Manual Data Processing
Mechanical Data Processing
Electromechanical Data Processing
Electronic Data Processing

Three Stages of Computing

Input
Process
Output

Different Types of Computers

Microcomputers (PC, laptop, Mac)
Minicomputers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Special purpose computers

Characteristics of Computer
Fast
Accurate
Diligent
Versatile
Has the power to remember
No IQ
No feeling

Limitations of Computers
Still subject to human direction and control
Generally cannot correct an inaccurate entry on their
own.
Subject to occasional breakdown

Computer System Components

Dataware
Hardware
Software and
Peopleware

Basic Hardware Components

Central Processing Unit
Primary Memory
Secondary Memory
Input/Output Device

Components of a CPU
Central Processing Unit
ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit)
Control Unit
Memory

Types of Primary Memory

Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only Memory (ROM)
PROM
EPROM
Cache Memory
Registers

Types of Secondary Memory

Hard Disk: 40GB, 80GB, 120GB, 160GB, 200GB, 250GB,
320, 400, 500GB, 750GB

Optical Disk [CD-R/CD-RW: 700MB, 650MB], [DVD: 4.7GB,

8.5GB] [MiniCD-R/Mini-CD-RW: 185MB] [MiniDV-R: 1.4GB]

Magnetic Tape [40GB, 80GB, 120GB, 1.6TB(compressed)]

Flash disk [64MB, 128MB, 250Mb, 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB,
8GB]

Floppy disk [1.44MB]

Input Devices
Keyboard [PS2, USB, Infrared]
Mouse [trackball, optical], [PS2, USB, Infrared]
Scanner
Microphone
CD-ROM Drive
DVD-ROM Drive
Camera

Processing Devices
Motherboard
Data bus
Expansion slot
Clock
Memory

Output Devices
Printer [Dotmatrix, Inkjet, Laser, Thermal]
Monitor [LCD, CRT, TFT], [14, 15, 17, 19, 21]
Speaker
Headphone

Input/Output Devices
Floppy disk drive
Hard disk drive
Network interface card (NIC)
CD-recorder
Tape drive
Flash drive
Headset

Support Hardware
Power supply
Surge suppressor
Uninterrupted power supply
Case

Software Categories
System Software
Application Software

Computer Generations
First Generation
1951-1958
Low-level/Symbolic Programming Language
Second Generation 1959-1964
High Level Programming Language
Third Generation
1965-1970
Extensive use of High Level Prog. Language
Fourth Generation 1971-Present
Availability of Sophisticated Programs
Fifth Generations
Artificial Intelligence and expert systems

Systems Software
Utility Programs
Operating System
Language Processors/ Translators including
compilers

Application Software
Word Processors
Electronic Spreadsheet
Database Management System
Multimedia, Desktop, and Image Editing Software
Entertainment Software
Anti-Virus Utilities
Engineering/Architectural Tools
Network and Communications Software

Peopleware
Project Manager
System Administrator
Network Administrator
Database Administrator
Computer Engineer
Network Engineer
Computer Programmer
Data Encoder
Data Validation Officer

Lesson 2.
Proper Handling of a Computer

After completing this

lesson
You will be able to know how to handle a computer
properly

Health Concerns
When you use the personal computer, you should
take precautions against eyestrain, wrist injury, and
pains in the head, shoulder, back, and neck. These
parts are easily affected when you use your computer
for a long time.

Proper Workstation
Design
Position in a well-ventilated room.
Use an adjustable workstation: ergonomic computer
chairs.
Place the monitor 16 to 24 inches away, at eye level
or slightly at a lower angle. Tilt the monitor or adjust
the light source. Adjust the brightness and contrast
settings.
Use extendable/retractable legs of the keyboard.
Mouse must be easily accessible by your dominant
hand.
Use a document holder to minimize
vertical head movements.

Good Posture
Sit up straight. Feet flat on the floor, use a footrest if
needed.
Position your lower arms parallel with the floor and
level to your keyboard, with elbows at your side.
Keep wrists straight
Do not lean into the monitor, but sit close enough to
the keyboard and the mouse to stay relaxed.

Good Working Habits

Tap on the keys/mouse buttons gently.
Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.
Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20 minutes, to
prevent fatigue.
Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods.
Take vision breaks
Do eye exercises.

Power Surges
Use an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR).
Unplug your system during lightning storms, even if it
is surge protected.
Avoid octopus connections.

Basic Troubleshooting
When you got into the trouble with your personal
computer:
Do not panic!
Create a boot/startup disk.
If the computer hangs or is acting weird:
Ctrl+Alt+Delete to bring up the Task List.
Do a manual reboot or shut down the computer and
turn it back after at least 10 seconds.
Avoid by not opening too many applications
simultaneously.

Basic Troubleshooting
If a hardware component is not functioning well or not
functioning at all:
Examine the power button, power cords, cables, and
connectors
Try rebooting so that the computer can detect the
hardware
If the mouse or the keyboard are not functioning well, it is
usually due to dust and dirt.
Non-system disk message: Check if a diskette is
inserted in the disk drive.

Basic Troubleshooting
If a the a drive has difficulty reading a storage device: ask
the lab technician to examine and clean the drive.
Safe mode: generally due to a corrupted operating
system, or bad sectors in the hard disk, or having a
noncompatible hardware connected. Use the system
utilities to fix the problem.
Printer not functioning properly: Use the Printer
Properties Maintenance tab
Scan for viruses.
Final Resort: Contact your vendor in case your unit is still
under warranty. If not, then contact the lab technician.

System Utilities
When you use the computer, you should remind
yourself of these things.
Error-checking and bad sectors
Defragmentation to increase the speed of access and
retrieval.
System Backup for easy restoration in the event of a
system crash or failure.
Disk Cleanup to free up space on the hard disk.

Regular File Backups

Back-ups make retrieval of files easy in case of
accidental file deletion, a system crash, or hardware
failure.
Use portable storage devices like CDs, flash drives,
and diskettes.
To take care of storage devices: Keep away from
heat, moisture, and magnetic fields like phones, and
speakers.

Mouse Operation

Parts of Keyboard

Typing Position of
Fingers

Typing Posture
Have your arms oriented so that you are able to keep
your index, middle and ring fingers on their home
keys, and have both pinky fingers reach the shift keys
without bending your wrist sideways.
Hands should be slightly lower than elbows (keeps
the blood flowing to the hands!).
Keep your wrist straight. Use natural, relaxed posture
for arms, hands, and fingers.
Position your monitor so that top of screen is about
eye level.

Typing Posture
Your keyboard and mouse should be at elbow height
so your upper arms fall relaxed at your sides.
Center your keyboard in front of you; your mouse
should be as close to it as possible.
Your chair should be set so your feet reach the floor
and your back is supported.
Depress keys and buttons and grip your mouse with a
light touch.
Sit up as straight as possible (within reason!).

Principles of Effective
Learning (Keyboarding)
No mistake. Always be sure and in control. Follow
the principle of 100% correct practice: to make a
mistake is to learn incorrect things, and to confuse
that which you already know.
Slower is faster. Speed comes from certainty. The
more you type things correctly, no matter how slow it
has to be, the more certain you will be, and the faster
you will become a proficient typist. Increase speed
only when you feel sure enough to do so.

Principles of Effective
Learning (Keyboarding)
Don't look at the keyboard! If you don't know where a
key is, look at the keyboard to find it, then look away and
type the key. Do not guess; always be sure.
Relax. No unnecessary or dysfunctional tension!
Hit the keys squarely in the center. If you find you
aren't consistently doing so, SLOW DOWN!!! It should
feel good to type!