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A Case study on
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Presented to:
Mr. Nino J. Gonzales,RN, RM
Prepared by:
Cudal, Ma. Charisse Joy E.
De Mesa, Robertito
De Vera, Feme
De Vera, Judilyn
De Vera Ronalyn
Delos Santos, Jica Relene
Domantay, Grace
Fiesta, Ma. Elena
(BSN III-G)
I.Personal Data
Name: Mrs.A.C.L.
Age: 31 yrs.old
Address: Poblacion, Bugallon Pangasinan
Date of birth: November 30, 1978
Civil Status: Married
Sex: Female
Occupation: Housewife
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Date of admission: April 15, 2010
Time of Admission: 7:45 PM
Chief Complaint: Coughing out of blood
Initial Diagnosis: PTB with hemoptysis
Final Diagnosis: PTB with hemoptysis
Attending Physician: Dr. Emilio Sison
Educational Attainment:
High school graduate
II.Health History
Personal History:
Family History
(-) Smoker
(-) smoker
(-) Smoker
(-) Asthma
(-) Asthma
(-) Asthma
(-) HPN
(-) HPN
(-) HPN
(-) DM
(-) DM
(+) DM
Two months prior to admission, Mrs. A.C.L. suffered from persistent productive
coughing which later persists to coughing out of blood. On the 15th of April, she was
rushed to the hospital (Don Mariano Verzosa Memorial Hospital) with the chief
complaint of coughing out of blood. She also suffered from severe chest pain. Her vital
signs upon admission was:
BP: 90/70mmHg
RR: 45 breaths/min.
PR: 70bpm
Temp: 38.2oC
Area of Assessment
Findings
Interpretations
Head
(-) wounds
(+) dry hair
(+) normocephalic
normal
Skin
(-) jaundice
(+) moist skin
normal
Ears
(+) lumps/lesions
normal
Eyes
normal
Nose
(-) discharge
(-)lesions
normal
Mouth
Face
(-) edema
(-) rounded/moon face
(-) scars
Neck
Shoulder
Chest
Abdomen
Arms
normal
lymphadenopathy
(+) symmetry
normal
normal
normal
Legs
Bladder Elimination
Bowel Elimination
normal
Color
Yellow
Significance
Transparency
slightly turbid
Reaction
7-5
Albumin
(-)
Normal
Sugar
(-)
Normal
Specific gravity
1.005
Epithelial cells
few
Amorphous substance
few
Pus Cells
1-3
RBC
0-2
Normal
decreased
Hematology:
Test
Hemoglobin
WBC
Hematocrit
Normal Values
Findings
Significance
M: 140-170 g/L
F:120-150 g/L
100 g/L
Anemia
5-10 x 10 g/L
12.5 x 10 g/L
Infection
M: 40-50 vol. %
F:37-47 vol. %
.36
Hemodilution, Acute
massive blood loss
V. Pathogenecity
What is Pulmonary tuberculosis?
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious bacterial infection that mainly
involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs.
Causative Organism
Pulmonary TB is caused by M. tuberculosis which is a rod-shaped bacteria with a
waxy capsule. It is non-motile (requires external forces, such as coughing for
example, to move from place to place), does not form spores, and is aerobic.
Risk Factors
Old Age
Infants
Children
Alcoholism
Low Socio economic Status
Drug addicts
HIV positive
People with weakened immune systems
Severely malnourished
People with frequent contact to the infected individual
Symptoms:
Transmission
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is spread by small airborne droplets, called droplet
nuclei, generated by the coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing of a person with
pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis. These minuscule droplets can remain
airborne for minutes to hours after expectoration.
Stages of Tuberculosis:
Latent Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms can be enclosed, as previously
described, but are difficult to completely eliminate.Persons with latent
tuberculosis have no signs or symptoms of the disease, do not feel sick, and are not
infectious, however viable bacilli can persist in the necrotic material for years or
even a lifetime, and if the immune system later becomes compromised, as it does
in many critically ill patients, the disease can be reactivated.
Primary Disease
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis is often asymptomatic, so that the results
of diagnostic tests. are the only evidence of the disease.. Associated paratracheal
lymphadenopathy may occur because the bacilli spread from the lungs through the
lymphatic system. If the primary lesion enlarges, pleural effusion develops,
because the bacilli infiltrate the pleural space from an adjacent area. The effusion
may remain small and resolve spontaneously, or it may become large enough to
induce symptoms such as fever, pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea.
Diagnostic Tests:
Treatment:
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Steptomycin
Possible Complications:
Pulmonary TB can cause permanent lung damage if not treated early.
extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB spread to areas of the body outside of the lungs)
tuberculosis pneumonia (massive lobular or lobar pneumonia)
pleuritis (infection & inflammation of tissue covering the lungs.
Nursing Process:
In the practice of nursing, we have been vested with the opportunity to convey to
our patients the attitude, skills, and the knowledge that we assimilated from school. In
contemplating to this kind of disease, our knowledge and understanding relevant to it,
the medications, actions, and interventions to be made, became a vest. Thus, it assists us
to deliver proficient, apt, and most notably, a safe nursing care.
Nursing Research:
This case will serve as a deviation for researchers in the coming days to pursuit
better methods to care for patients. This may be used as a future foundation for clinical
conventions and presentations. This also lays a cornerstone of interpersonal and clinical
excellence of the students wherein they could fortify their knowledge about their
professional field.
Nursing Education:
This case has instituted a vast force on nursing education. Through this case study,
a vivid comprehension about the disease became material to us. Furthermore, we were
handed with the capability and appropriate management and nursing interventions asked
for such disease.