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S.24
Code No: A109210201/R09
May/June - 2012
Set-3
Solutions
MATHEMATICS-III
( Common to ICE, E.COMP.E, ETM, EIE, ECE, EEE )
Time: 3 Hours
Max. Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
---
1.
(a)
(b)
Show that the function u = e2xy sin(x2 y2) is harmonic, find the conjugate function v and express u + iv as
an analytic function of z. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.5)
i
2.
3.
4.
Expand
z(z 3 z + 2)
2
in the regions,
(a)
1 |z| 2
(b)
0 |z| 1
(c)
(a)
Show that x3 =
(b)
Express f(x) = 2x + 10x3 in terms of Legendre polynomials. [15] (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.1)
(a)
3
2
P3 (x) + P1 (x) . (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.2)
5
5
(ii) A circuit
(iii) Reachability of a vertex v from a vertex u
(iv) Connected graph
(v) Hamiltonian path. (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.1)
(b)
A graph which has an Eulerian circuit and Hamiltonian circuit which are distinct.
(ii) A graph which has neither Eulerian circuit nor Hamiltonian circuit. [10+5] (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.5)
5.
iz + 2
transforms the real axis in the z-plane into a circle in the w-plane. Find
4 z+ i
the centre and radius of the circle. (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.8)
(a)
(b)
Show that the transformation w(z + i)2 = 1 transforms the inside of the circle | z | = 1 on the exterior of the
parabola. [8+7] (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.3)
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S.25
z3
(a)
(b)
(z 1) 4 (z 2)(z 3)
7.
(a)
(b)
Evaluate
8.
x2
(1 + x 2 )3 dx . [8+7] (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.3)
2 z 2 z 2
dz and C : | z | = 2.5 described in +ve sense. Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.2.1)
z a
ez
dz where C : | 4z | = 1 taken in anti-clockwise sense. [15] Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.2.1)
z(z+ 1)
(a)
24
48 8
Show that J4(x) = 3 J1(x) + 1 2 J0(x). Unit-I, Topic No. 1.5.1)
x
x
x
(b)
Show that
x2
5 2
[15] Unit-I, Topic No. 1.3)
dx =
4 3
+
(1
x
)
128
0
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S.26
(a)
... (1)
u
= ux = e2xy.cos(x2 y2).2x + e2xy(2y)sin(x2 y2)
x
= 2xe2xycos(x2 y2) 2ye2xy sin(x2 y2)
d
Q (u.v ) = uv '+ u ' v
dx
2u
= uxx =
x 2
2xy
2
2
2
2
2xy
2y[e cos(x y ).(2x) + sin(x y )e (2y)]
= 2{x.[e2xy(sin(x2 y2) 2x + cos(x2 y2)e2xy(2y)] + e2xy cos(x2 y2)} 4xye2xycos(x2 y2)
+ 4y2 e2xy sin(x2 y2)
= 2[2x2e2xysin(x2 y2) 2xye2xy cos(x2 y2) + e2xy cos(x2 y2)] 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) +
4y2e2xy sin(x2 y2)
= 4x2e2xysin(x2 y2) 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) + 2e2xycos(x2 y2) 4xye2xycos(x2 y2) +
4y2e2xysin(x2 y2)
uxx = 2e2xy[cos(x2 y2) + 2y2 sin(x2 y2) 2x2sin(x2 y2) 4xycos(x2 y2)]
... (2)
Similarly,
u
= uy = e2xycos(x2 y2).(2y) + sin(x2 y2).e2xy(2x)
y
= 2ye2xycos(x2 y2) 2xe2xysin(x2 y2)
2u
= uyy = 2 y. (e 2 xy cos( x 2 y 2 )) + (1).e 2 xy cos( x 2 y 2 )
2
y
y
... (3)
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S.27
u
u idv u
i
+
=
x
y
x dx
= 2xe2xycos(x2 y2) 2ye2xysin(x2 y2) i[2ye2xy cos(x2 y2) 2xe2xy sin(x2 y2)]
Put x = z and y = 0, we get,
f '(z) = 2ze2z(0) cos(z2 (0)2) 2(0)e2z(0) sin(z2 (0)2) i[2(0)e2z(0) cos(z2 (0)2) 2ze2z(0) sin(z2 (0)2)]
= 2ze0.cos(z2) 0 i[0 2ze0sin(z2)]
= 2z.cos(z2) + 2zisin(z2)
= 2z[cos(z2) + isin(z2)]
2
f '(z)= 2z.eiz
Integrating on both sides of equation (4), we get,
f ' ( z ) = 2ze
f(z) = 2ze
iz 2
dz + C
iz 2
dz + C
... (4)
Put, iz2 = t
2zidz = dt 2zdz =
f (z)=
dt
i
2ze dz
t
=1
1
i
et
.dt
i
t
= . e dt + C
1 t
e +C
i
= iet + C
2
iz
= ie + C
(Q t = iz2)
iz
f(z) = ie + C
(b)
Answer :
S.28
tanhz= tanh(x + iy)
=
sinh 2 x
sin 2 y
+i
cosh 2 x + cos 2 y
cosh 2 x + cos 2 y
... (1)
Given that,
tanh x + i = + i
4
... (2)
sin 2 y
sinh 2 x
,=
and =
cosh
2 x + cos 2 y
4
cosh 2 x + cos 2 y
Substituting, y =
=
in , we get,
4
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x + cos 2
4
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x + cos
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x + 0
sinh 2 x
cosh 2 x
= tanh 2x
= tanh 2x
sin 2
4
cosh 2 x + cos 2
4
sin
cosh 2 x + cos
1
cosh 2 x + 0
1
cosh 2 x
= sech 2x
= sech 2x
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S.29
Given,
2 + 2
[ tanh2 x + sech2 x = 1]
=1
2 +
2 = 1
Hence proved.
Q2.
Expand
1
z(z 3z + 2)
2
(a)
1 | z | 2
(b)
0 | z | 1
(c)
|z| 2
in the regions.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q2
Answer :
Given that,
f(z) =
1
z ( z 3 z + 2)
2
Now,
z2 3z + 2 = z2 2z z + 2
= z(z 2) 1(z 2)
= (z 1)(z 2)
f(z) =
1
z ( z 1)( z 2)
1
A
B
C
+
= +
z ( z 1)( z 2) z z 1 z 2
1
A( z 1)( z 2) + Bz ( z 2) + Cz ( z 1)
=
z ( z 1)( z 2)
z ( z 1)( z 2)
... (1)
Taking L.C.M on R.H.S and equating the numerators on both sides, we get,
1 = A(z 1)(z 2) + Bz(z 2) + Cz(z 1)
... (2)
A=
1
2
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S.30
Put, z = 1 in equation (2), we get,
1 = 0 + B(1)(1 2) + 0
1 = B(1) B = 1
Put, z = 2 in equation (2), we get,
1 = 0 + 0 + C(2)(2 1)
1 = 2C C =
1
2
1
1
1
1
+
=
2 z z 1 2( z 2)
z ( z 1)( z 2)
(a)
... (3)
1| z | 2
|z|
1
<1
< 1 and
2
|z|
So, f(z) =
1
can be expressed as,
z ( z 1)( z 2)
f(z)=
1
1
1
+
1
2z
z
z 1 2 2 1
z
2
1 1 1
1
=
2z z z
1z
+ 1
42
1 1 1
1
2z z z
1 z
1
4 2
2
3
1 z z 2 z 3
1 1 1 1 1
1 + + + + ..... 1 + + + + .....
2z z z z z
4 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
1
1
z3
1 z z
+
+
+
.....
+
+
+ .....
=
2
3
4
2z z 4 z
8
z
z
42 4
z 2z
2z
1 1
1
1
z3
1z z
2 + 3 + 4 + ..... +
+ + .....
4 z
8
z
z
4 2 4
1 1 1
1
1
z3
1z z
2 + 3 + 4 + ..... +
+
+ .....
2z 4 z
8
z
z
4 2 4
1 1
1 1
2 z 4 n =1 z n +1 4
z
2
n =1
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S.31
0| z |1
|z|<1
|z|
<1
2
1
1
+
2 z (1 z )
1
z
2 21
2
1
z
+ (1 z ) 1 41
2z
2
2
3
1
z z z
+ (1 + z + z2 + z3 +.....) 4 1 + + + + .....
2 2 2
2z
zn
1
(zn ) 4
+
n
2 z n =0
n =0 2
1
z
+
(z n ) 4
=
2 z n =0
2
n =0
(c)
z2
z
2
>1
2
<1
z
So, f (z) =
1
1
+
2z
1(1 z )
1
2
2 z 1
z
1
1 2
+ (1 z ) 1 + 1
2z
2z z
2
3
1
1 2 2 2
2
3
+
(
1
+
+
+
+
.....)
+
1
+
+
z
z
z
+
+ .....
=
2z
2z
z z z
1
1 1 2 22 23
+ (1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + .....) + + 2 + 3 + 4 + .....
2z
2 z z
z
z
2n
1
1
+
(z n ) +
2 z n =0
2 n =0 z n +1
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S.32
Q3.
(a)
Show that x3 =
2
3
P3 (x) + P1 (x) .
5
5
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-II, Q5.
(b)
Answer :
For answer refer Dec.-11, Set-2, Q1(b).
Q4.
(a)
Figure (1)
The path from a-b is not a simple path since it consists of multiple path. On the otherhand, the path b-d is a simple
path.
(ii)
Circuit
A circuit refers to a closed walk in which no edge appears more than once.
e
f
b
g
c
d
Figure (2)
Example
The walk b-b in figure (2) with the edge {b, d} {d, c} {c, a} and {a, b} is called a b-b circuit because none of the edges
are repeated.
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S.33
Example
d
Figure (3)
Since there exist an edge from a b, it can be said that vertex b is reachable from vertex a.
(iv)
Connected Graph
For answer refer Unit-VIII, Q5(iii) and Figure 2(i).
(v)
Hamiltonian Path
Hamiltonian path is a path in a connected graph, which traverses every vertex of the graph. In Hamiltonian path,
starting and ending vertices are distinct.
Example
C
Figure (4)
A graph which has an Eulerian circuit and Hamiltonian circuit which are distinct.
(ii) A graph which has neither Eulerian circuit nor Hamiltonian circuit.
Answer :
Eulerian Circuit
In a connected graph G, if there is a circuit which contains all edges of G, then that circuit is called Euler circuit. A
Euler circuit is obtained only when the outer degree of the graph is equal to the in-degree of the graph.
Hamiltonian Circuit
Hamiltonian circuit is a cycle that contains each and every vertex of the given graph.
A Euler circuit is the one which traverses each exactly once and thus traverses each vertex at least once, on the
otherhand a hamiltonian cycle traverses each vertex exactly once.
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S.34
(i)
A graph which has an Eulerian circuit and Hamiltonian circuit which are distinct.
v2
e1
v1
e2
e3
v3
Figure (1)
In this graph, there is a circuit which satisfies the property of Eulerian circuit. In this graph, the closed walk, v1 e1,
v2 e2, v3 e3, v1 is a Euler circuit.
The graph has hamiltonian cycle. The cycle includes edges {(v1, v2), (v2, v3) (v3, v1)}.
(ii)
A graph which has neither Eulerian circuit nor Hamiltonian circuit.
v1
e1
v2
e3
e2
v4
v3
Figure (2)
The graph does not satisfy with the Eulerian circuit property. The closed walk cannot be achieved. Thus, the graph
has no Eulerian circuit.
The graph has no Hamiltonian cycle because the vertex, v2 is traversing twice.
Q5.
(a)
iz + 2
transforms the real axis in the z-plane into a circle
4z + i
in the w-plane. Find the centre and radius of the circle.
Answer :
Given that,
w=
iz + 2
4z + i
... (1)
4wz + wi = iz + 2
4wz iz = wi + 2
z(4w i) = wi + 2
z=
2 + wi
2 wi
and z =
4w + i
4w i
... (2)
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S.35
2 + wi
2 wi
=0
4w + i
4w i
(2 wi )(4w + i ) (2 + wi )(4 w i )
=0
(4w i )(4w + i )
( 2 wi )(4 w + i ) ( 2 + w i )( 4 w i ) = 0
8w + 2i 4i ww wi 2 (8w 2i + 4iww w i 2 ) = 0
8w + 2i 4i ww + w 8w + 2i 4iw w w = 0
8i w w + 7 w 7w + 4i = 0
8i w w 7 w + 7w 4i = 0
8i w w + 7(w w ) 4i = 0
8i (u2
8i (u2 + v2) + 14 iv 4i = 0
i2 v2)
... (3)
[Q w = u + iv, w = u iv]
+ 7 (u + iv u + iv) 4i = 0
... (4)
8i (u 2 + v 2 ) 14iv 4i
+
=0
8i
8i
8i
(u2 + v2) +
u2 + v 2 +
7
1
v
=0
4
2
7
1
v=
4
2
7
Adding on both sides, we get,
8
u2 + v2
7
+
v+
4
1 7
7
= +
2 8
8
u2 + (v)2 + 2v
1 49
7 7
+ = +
2 64
8 8
162
7
u2 + v + =
128
8
u2 +
7
v 8
81
64
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S.36
The required equation of a circle in the w-plane is,
2
9
7
u2 + v + =
8
8
9
7
From the above equation, the centre of the circle is 0,
and radius is
8
8
(b)
Show that the transformation w(z + i)2 = 1 transforms the inside of the circle | z | = 1 on the
exterior of the parabola.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q5(b) M[7]
Answer :
Unsolved.
Q6.
(a)
z3
(z 1) 4 (z 2)(z 3)
.
May/June-12, Set-3, Q6(a) M[8]
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-VI, Q1.
(b)
x2
(1 + x
2 3
dx .
Answer :
Consider the contour integral,
I=
f ( z)dz
x2
(1 + x 2 )3 dx =
f (z )dz
c
Where,
f (z) =
z2
(1 + z 2 )3
z2
( z i ) ( z + i )3
3
z = i i.e., a = i
The integral f (z) is analytic and the pole which lies inside the contour, c is z = i
Res f (z) =
z= a
1
d n 1
( z a) n f ( z )
Lt
(n 1)! z a dz n1
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S.37
Here, n = 3
Res f (z) =
z =i
d 31
1
Lt
( z i )3 f ( z )
(3 1)! z i dz 31
1
d2
z2
3
Lt
z
i
(
)
=
2! z i dz 2
( z i) 3 ( z + i) 3
d2
z2
1
Lt
2 z i dz 2 ( z + i )3
1
d ( z + i ) 3 2 z z 2 3( z + i ) 2 1
Lt
2 z i dz
( z + i) 6
1
d 2 z ( z + i ) 3 3z 2 ( z + i ) 2
Lt
=
2 z i dz
( z + i) 6
2
d
1
2 (2 z ( z + i ) 3 z )
Lt
z
i
+
(
)
=
2 z i dz
( z + i) 6
d 2 z ( z + i) 3 z 2
1
Lt
=
2 z i dz
( z + i )4
2 z i
( z + i )8
( z + i )4 (2 z + 2 z + 2i 6 z) (2 z( z + i) 3 z 2 )4( z + i)3
1
Lt
=
2 z i
( z + i )8
( z + i )( 2 z + 2i ) 4(2 z 2 + 2 zi 3 z 2 )
1
Lt ( z + i) 3
2 z i
( z + i )8
( z + i )(2 z + 2i ) 4(2 z 2 + 2 zi 3z 2 )
1
Lt
2 z i
( z + i) 5
2 z 2 + 2 zi 2 zi + 2i 2 8 z 2 8 zi + 12 z 2 )
1
Lt
2 z i
( z + i )5
2 z 2 8zi 2
1
Lt
2 z i ( z + i )5
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S.38
=
1 2i 2 8i 2 2
2 (i + i )5
1 2+8 2
2 (2i ) 5
1 4
2 32i
1
16i
[Q i5 = i]
1
x2
dx = 2i
2 3
16i
(1 + x )
x2
(1 + x
Q7.
(a)
2 3
dx =
2z 2 z 2
dz and C : | z | = 2.5 described in +ve sense.
z a
May/June-12, Set-3, Q7(a)
Answer :
Given function,
f (a) =
(i)
2z 2 z 2
dz
za
2z 2 z 2
is analytic inside c.
za
1
2i
z a dz
f ( z)
z a dz = 2i f(a)
f ( z)
2z 2 z 2
dz = 2i f(z)
za
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S.39
2z 2 z 2
dz = 2i(4) = 8i
za
f(2) = 8i
(ii)
f(3)
The point z = a = 3 lies outside the given circle C : | z | = 2.5
So, by Cauchys theorem,
f(3) =
(b)
2z 2 z 2
dz = 0
za
Evaluate
ez
dz where C : | 4z | = 1 taken in anti-clockwise sense.
z(z + 1)
May/June-12, Set-3, Q7(b)
Answer :
Given circle C: | 4z | = 1
|z|=
1
4
ez
dz =
z ( z + 1)
ez
dz
c z
ez
dz
c z +1
1
and a = 1 lies outside of C
4
ez
dz = 2if(0)
c z
Q f ( z ) = e z
0
f (0) = e = 1
= 2i.1
= 2i
ez
dz = 0
c z +1
and
Integral becomes,
ez
dz = 2i 0
c z ( z +1 )
= 2i
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S.40
Q8.
48 8
24
Show that J4(x) = 3 J1(x) + 1 2 J0(x).
x
x
x
(a)
Answer :
For answer refer Unit-I, Q81.
2
(b)
Show that
x2
5 2
dx =
4 3
128
(1 + x )
0
Answer :
Given that,
x2
(1 + x
4 3
dx
Let,
x = tan = tan1/2
x =0
=0
x =
=
1
1
1
dx
tan 2 sec2
=
d
2
1
dx =
dx =
1
tan 2 sec2 d
2
1
2
1
tan
x2
dx =
(1 + x 4 ) 3
sec2 d
(1 + (
tan
tan
))
4 3
1
1
sec2 d
2 tan
1 / 2
tan
tan 1/ 2 sec 2 d
=
2 0 (1 + tan 2 ) 3
1
=
2
1
=
2
1
=
2
1
=
2
/2
/2
/2
tan 2 sec 2
d
(sec 2 ) 3
Q sec2 tan 2 = 1
2
2
sec = 1 + tan
tan 2 sec 2
sec 6
tan 2 sec 2 6 d
/ 2
tan 2 sec 4 d
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S.41
/2
1
2
1
2
1
2
sin
cos 4 d
cos
/2
1
2
1
2
sin
1
2
cos
1
2
/ 2
sin 2 cos 2 d
... (1)
We know that,
/ 2
sin
2 m 1
x cos 2n1 x dx =
1
(m, n)
2
... (2)
1
2
2n 1 =
7
2
2m =
1
+1
2
2n =
7
+1
2
2m =
3
2
2n =
9
2
n=
9
4
m=
1
So,
2
/ 2
3
4
1
sin 2 cos 2 d =
1 1 3 9
,
2 2 4 4
1 3 9
,
4 4 4
3 9
1 4 4
=
4 3 9
4 + 4
m n
Q (m, n) =
(m + n)
3 9
1 4 4
=
4
12
4
3 9
1 4 4
=
4
(3)
... (3)
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S.42
We have,
(n + 1) = n(n)
9
5 5 5
So, = + 1 =
4
4 4 4
... (4)
1 1
5
1
= + 1 =
4
4 4 4
... (5)
3 5 1 1
1 4 4 4 4
=
4
(3)
5 1 3
1 16 4 4
=
4
(3 1)!
[Q n = (n 1) !]
1 3
1 5 4 4
=
4 16
2!
x2
(1 + x
0
4 3
1 5 2
4 16 2.1
5 2
128
dx =
5 2
128
1 3
Q 4 4 = 2
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