ROSITSA GEORGIEVA

Analysing Organisation
Behaviour

Year
Programme Title
Unit Title
Unit No.
Name

2013/2014
Edexcel Pearson BTEC
Organisations and Behaviour
03
Rositsa Georgieva

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Task 1: Management and Leadership

1.1
Organisational structure of the company refers to the levels and division of management and
responsibility within the business,which can be presented like organisational charts.The
organisational structure of the company can take many forms because these are influenced by
many factors like its purpose,size,environment and culture.
In order to explain better the leadership of the company,I have picked two company like
Tesco who tend to have a hierarchical structure and an autocratic leadership and I have made a
comparison with Aldi who is a smaller company with a democratic leadership than Tesco.The two
of them represent an important part of UK groceries.
The autocratic leadership is defined by its standard rules. There are many rules,work is
defined by the functional department,there is a formal attitude between the employee and al the
work is analysed for business performance.On the other hand democratic leadership style it is less
formal,his structure is organic,less hierarchical and the employee can take decisions for the good
of the company.
Having an autocratic leadership style Tesco company can be very efficient, and they rely
heavily on economies of scale for their success.There is a pyramidal command structure,it is very
organized with high formality, where is a organized process for decisions,strict command and
control is present all the time.This type of structure means to be orderly,very efficient and fair.
Aldi democratic leadership create a good environment, communications are the key to the
success capturing opportunities, solve problems, and get results.Is a complex and dynamic
organizational form with a culture based on non-bureaucratic work.
1.2
Every management has an organization theory that has tried to provide managers with
theoretical frameworks that they can deploy to best achieve competitive advantage. Managers
have a role that usually entails their active intervention in their organizations in order to influence
the behaviour of subordinates so as to get things done in the manner they desire. (Fjellstrm ,
2005)
With the application of this theory the organization will have an efficient and effective
management,that will ensure organizational success by securing competitive advantage in the
changing social and economic circumstances.(PM Wright,1993)

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Managers have a role that usually entails their active intervention in their organizations in
order to influence the behavior of subordinates so as to get things done in the manner they desire.
The performance of managerial roles and the requirements of these roles can be played at
different times by the same manager and to different degrees depending on the level and function
of management.
Management definite certain task that the company must accomplish by following the 4 steps
of the management process:planning,organizing,control and directing,that are included in the
management function,that helps the company to achieve his objectives.
There have been several organizational theories suggested by the theorists and researchers of
organizational behavior. These theories are able to underpin the practices and principles of
management, leadership, and organizational culture. To know that how organizational theory
underpins the principles and practice of organizing and of management, its very necessary to
study each aspect. (John Seely Brown& Paul Duguid, Knowledge and Organization,A socialpractice perspective,2000)
This provides as much for the clear understandings of the companies arrangement, its
function, and then the properties are which will help to enhance the productivity of the business.
1.3
Both organizations use certain approaches to management:classical approaches and human
relations approaches.
The classical approaches follow by Tesco
The classical approaches doesnt take sufficient account of personality factors and for
creating an organization structure in which people can exercise only limited control over their
work environment.It involves creating large, complex systems having multiple goals.( M. W.
Waldron, J. Vsanthakumar,&S. Arulraj,)
They felt that management can get the work done from the workers by satisfying their social
and psychological needs.According to this

approaches employees can be motivated with

something else that financial gains.

Human relations approaches follow by Aldi
According to this approaches employees can be motivated with something else that financial
gains.They must fell an recognition from the managers,because they are human beings and they
must be treated like that not like some machines.Leaders must try to understand they and their
fillings because the company works not only through the formal relationship but also through
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informal relation.Therefore,leaders works to encouraging the formal and informal relations.They

give their employees the security of the job and a high degree of satisfaction .
The human relations approach neglected behavioral pattern of groups.He is greatly
influenced by what others with whom he is associated thinks or behaves. Thus it is the group that
sets the pattern of human behavior.(VG Kondalkar,2007)

Task 2:Structure and Culture

2.1
Tesco is a large organisation who tend o have a hierarchical structure in comparison with
Aldi who is a company that also supplies UK with food but who tend to have a functional
structure.
The tall structure has many levels between the employees who respond to the leader of the
team and then to the management of the company. In contrast with them Aldi can be structured in
certain ways in witch the company can operates and perform.
The two companies with tall structure have a chain of command because has a certain
number of levels,with a span of control who represents the number of employees who are
supervised by a person.On the other hand Aldi company's top management team typically
consists of several functional heads such as the chief financial officer.The company relies on
workers,who take responsibility in the decision-making process.
Tesco has a strict command and control in the structure of the company.Organisational charts
generally are presents in every department and decisions are taken through an organized
process.The leisure time,clearer definition of jobs responsibilities are the main characteristic.
Aldi has an organisational structure that provides a good and honest culture based on trust
and respect for his employees. The work is pleasurable because the atmosphere between the
employees is a positive one,greater the fact that employees participate in the decision-making
process. They have a strong working team where everyone is rewarded for their merits and
efforts.

2.2

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The culture is conceived as a building block in organizational design a subsystem, welldemarcated from other parts of the company,which includes beliefs,norms,behavioral styles of
employees and values.(Alvesson &Berg, 1992).
Tesco company develops certain roles and responsibilities to his employees in different
levels.By doing this,it shows how the ability of the employees are rewarded,and their potential to
develop a career.
Organizational structure and culture are linked with performance because employees are
aware that upper management is cognizant of individual performance. This could affect
productivity in a positive way and inspire participation among co workers.(Chamberlain,2005)
The managers of the company created a good environment for his employees leading them to
have positive ideas.They are encourage to take charge of different task and between the
employees are right vibes that makes the work to be more pleasurable.
Tesco company has an opened and honest culture,the relation of the employees is based on
respect and mutual trust.The culture of the company plays an important roles in order to
understand the performance of the business.We can understand the strategy of the company if the
organizations culture is analyzed.(Watson,2002)
By having a strong culture if their employees are responsive to the structure they can have an
effectively change in his culture.In Tesco if employees are highly committed to a work-team
structure and their teams desire to shift the culture to focus on new products or services, they
might follow the team. They will have to adjust to new ways that the company will organize itself
and position itself in the market to be successful(Audra Bianca, Demand Media)

2.3
There are certain factors that influence the individual behaviour in Tesco company:
Personality-there are person who like the leadership used by the company where the manager
tell them what to do next but there are others that like the ideas move freely amongst the group
and are discussed openly
Environment is directly influenced by the organization-environments with democratic leader
offer creative solutions, and it produces an atmosphere of cooperation and team spirit.Employees
that follow bureaucratic leadership style worry less about completing business functions to the
best possible outcome and more about avoiding punishment from leader.

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Beliefs are not easy to change-people of Tesco who like the bureaucratic style of the
company,where they have certain roles and responsibilities find a bit difficult to work with
another leadership style.

Task 3:Using Theories of Motivation

3.1
An organization is an open system which has to interact with environment and is solely
dependent on it. Any change in environment makes it necessary for the organization to
incorporate change in the internal systems, sub-systems and processes. This change has a chain
reaction on the other internal elements of organization.
Once the organizations adapt to the external change, the mangers have to take appropriate steps
as far as internal systems are concerned. Change of process, modification to human behaviour,
training and development of work force based on new technology and adopting new polices,
which are beneficial to the organization.
The period of change in Tesco requires maintaining workforce morale.The motivation in this
period is difficult and leaders must create a good social environment to satisfy the social needs of
the employees.The leadership announces the desired change all of a sudden. This type of process
of change may result in whole hearted acceptance of change or the group may resist the change
totally. What is expected in leadership change cycle is organizational change, group level change,
knowledge change and through this cycle, to implement individual behaviour change.
On the other hand the change may not be of a permanent nature.Leaderhip change is ideal
when the employees are achievement oriented having task relevance and willing to accept
responsibilities. It has deeper and longer lasting impact. Autocratic change cycle has fast speed
and revolutionary in nature. It is sustainable where people are not willing and certain amount of
force is required.

3.2
In workplace,managers inspired their work from different theories so they can rich
performance in the business.Two of them can be Maslow and his hierarchy of needs and
Adams Equity Theory.

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Maslow beliefs that people can be motivated by a set a motivation systems which arent related
to rewards or unconscious desires.He thought that employees are motivated to achieve
certain needs. The earliest version of Maslows needs include five motivational needs
divided in basic needs and growth needs.
Equity Theory proposes that a person's motivation is based on what he or she considers to be
fair when compared to others (Redmond, 2010). As noted by Gogia (2010), when applied to the
workplace, Equity Theory focuses on an employee's work-compensation relationship or
exchange relationship as well as that employee's attempt to minimize any sense of unfairness
that might result. Because Equity Theory deals with social relationships and fairness/unfairness,
it is also known as The Social Comparisons Theory or Inequity Theory (Gogia, 2010).

3.3
It is essential to increase overall efficiency of human beings to improve performance of an
organization. Motivation perhaps is a single most important factor of the study of organizational
behaviour that concerns each and every executive today.
Managers must create situations where in a person/employee is stimulated to undertake
activities,that may motivate him to achieve higher goals.To achieve higher goals a person should
work so that the restlessness is reduced and later removed. This is possible when worker feels to
achieve something and divert all his energies towards achievement.
Motivation is an important tool that is often under-utilized by managers in today's workplace.
Managers use motivational theory to inspire their work and produce better results for the
company and lead the business more efficient.This is a continuous process. It is the responsibility
of a manager to create such environment that individual is motivated to achieve higher goals.
Motivation is therefore is a way in which individual strives to fulfill desires, urges and aspirations
that explains the individual behavior.

Task 4: Developing Teamwork

4.1
A work group is collection of two or more individuals, working for a common goal and are
interdependent.They interact significantly to achieve a group objective. For a manager it is
difficult to manage group because of varied nature, personality traits, attitude of individuals and
personal interest in the group job the group members display.

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In Tesco the groups are formal in contrast with Aldi that has informal groups,all that have a
great importance to the success of the company.
Formal group is designated work group defined by the organizational structure. It is collection
of employees who work together to contribute towards achievement of organizational objectives
Formal groups are formed based on the work and human resources required by skill,
knowledge and experience to achieve organizational task. In a manufacturing unit, the
organizational task is sub divided into groups and teams. Each group is composed of various
members based on the human resource requirement. The members of the group report to a
designated leader. They interact with each other on official level.
Informal groups are groups that are not formally organized in the work system to get the job
done but develop on their own randomly at workplaces because of common interest and mutual
liking of the group members. For example members of production department, body
manufacturing department, HR department members and few individual from finance dept may
form a friendship group. This development takes place because of the interaction they have with
each other during the official work. Members from within one group or members from different
departments or even an organization can form an informal group.

4.2
Factors that may promote the development of teamwork:
Patience is the most important factor that can promote the development of the teamwork because
there are task that are harder to accomplish and some employees have more skilled that
others.Working together as a team and having patience they will make a great job,and their
performance will be high.
Effective teamwork is facilitated by clear and open communication. All team members should
be on the same page with respect to targets, responsibilities and timelines. This cohesion is
facilitated by effective communication. When a challenge or conflict arises, effective teams will
engage and overcome it with effective communication, rather than avoiding the issues or
participating in gossip.(Chris Wolski, Demand Media)
Factors inhibiting teamwork success are:
The absence of trust:is an important factor that can inhibit teamwork when the team members are

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not open with one another creating a weakness within the group that can make him vulnerable
and impossible to built among the group a foundation of trust
A team works well when the members understand what they will be compensated for their
efforts. All Business notes it is best to come up with a compensation plan before assembling the
team. When people have their compensation expectations laid out before they sign an agreement
to join the team, compensation can be removed as an obstacle to effective teamwork. If all team
members feel they are being compensated fairly, that can help lead to maximum productivity.
( Arnold Anderson, Demand Media)

4.3
In the workplace technology become the central characteristic,employees fundamentally
changes the manner to interact.Beyond the standard office laptop organizations implement
information systems, custom software or specialized technology equipment to keep operations
running smoothly. Advancements in technology have the potential to decrease the time needed to
complete a task, or in some cases eliminate the need for a business process or job function.(Keri
E.Pearlson&Carol S.Saunders,1976)
Technology in Tesco helps the company to remain competitive in the evolving marketplace.The
employees can be connected all the time with the work desk without being there,cellular phones
allows them to reach the employees almost anywhere,e-mail gives the company a fast mod to
send paperwork to other one.In other words technologies helps the company to access a faster
communication,to increased efficiencies and employees have the ability to work away from the
office.

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REFERENCES
Gastil, J. (1994)A definition and illustration of democratic leadership. Human Relations 47,
954-971
J. B. Theories of Organizational Behaviour,Holt,Rinehart&Winston (1980), ch. 1.
Johnson, C. E.; Hackman, M. Z. (2003). Leadership, a communication perspective (4 ed.).
Waveland Press. p. 38
V.G.Kondalkar (2007) Organizational behaviour,p.99-100,145-149
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_54.htm#sthash.5HkuE2BX.dpuf
http://employment.blurtit.com/1944668/what-are-the-factors-which-influence-individual-behaviourat-work

www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm
Source://theencantador.blogspot.co.uk/2009/11/comparison-of-classical-approach-and.html
Source://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm
Source(s)://www.studymode.com/subjects/the-impact-of-technology-on-team-functioning-withina-given-organisation-page5.html

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