Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
MODULE: GENERAL
YEAR 2 2008/2009 5TH BATCH
1. Regarding mechanism of drug action
a. An agonist has affinity but no efficacy
b. Most drugs act through receptor mechanisms
c. When all receptors are occupied by full agonists, the addition of a
full agonist will reduce the effect of the agonist
d. The dose response curve of an agonist is sigmoid in shape
e. In clinical practice, the efficacy of a drug is more important than the
potency
2. Regarding pharmacokinetics
a. A loading dose is given in order to achieve a quick therapeutic
effect
b. Time to reach steady state is shortened if a loading dose is given
c. Bioavailability is influenced by protein binding of the drug
d. The plasma steady state level of a drug is reached after 4 to 5 half
lives when the dosing rate is constant
e. The rate of elimination of drugs following zero-order kinetics is
dependent on the blood level of the drug
3. Non-competitive antagonist
a. Shifts the log dose response curve to a parallel manner to the
right
b. Occupies the receptor irreversibly
c. Have affinity to the receptor
d. Haves efficacy
e. Block the receptor for a long time ( days or longer)
4. Regarding drug toxicity
a. Side effects are the effects other than the desired effect of the drug
b. Tolerance is a state of increased responsiveness to the effect of the
drug
c. Idiosyncrasy is a genetically determined abnormal response to a
drug
d. LD50 is the dose that kills 50% of the experimental animals
e. Margin of safety is a better measurement of drug safety than the
therapeutic index
5. Cytochrome P450 enzymes
a. Are present in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes
b. Are involved in Phase II metabolism
c. Are inducible enzymes
d. Are inhibited by many drugs
e. Exhibit genetic polymorphism
6. Drugs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
12.Bioavailability of a drug
a. Is a measure of availability of a drug from natural sources
b. Is a measure of stability of a drug to the plasma
c. Is a measure of the proportion of a drug appearing in the plasma
d. Is 100% after I/V administration
e. Depends on the plasma half-life of a drug
13.Regarding drug excretion
a. The kidney is the main organ of drug excretion
b. Bound drugs are excreted through the glomerulus
c. Active secretion of weak acid drugs by the proximal tubules occurs
by a different transport mechanism to that of weak basic drugs
d. Drugs which are unionized will be reabsorbed by the kidney tubules
e. The lung is an important organ for excretion of anaesthetic gasses
14.Regarding necrosis
a. It is a reversible cell injury
b. Liquefactive necrosis is seen in cerebral infarct
c. Fat necrosis is seen in trauma of the breast
d. The nuclear morphology remains unchanged
e. There is an influx of calcium into the cell
15.Regarding apoptosis
a. Cytoplasmic bleb formation is seen
b. It occurs in embryogenesis
c. p53 is a pro-apoptotic gene
d. There is total digestion of the DNA material
e. On light microscopy, preservation of the basic outline of the cell is
seen
16.The sequelae of acute inflammation includes
a. Resolution
b. Malignancy
c. Fibrosis
d. Progression to chronic inflammation
e. Abscess formation
17.Adaptive changes in cell growth and differentiation includes
a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Atrophy
d. Metaplasia
e. Neoplasia
d. Virus isolation
e. PCR
45.The following are true about fungi
a. Cryptococcus neoformans is a yeast
b. Molds can grow in anaerobic conditions
c. Conidia are spores that are derived from asexual reproduction
d. Sabarouds dextrose agar is the media for growth of Candida
albicans
e. Lactophenol blue preparation identifies fungi species based on
morphological structures
46.Factors to be considered during the prevention and control of parasitic
disease include
a. Modes of transmission
b. Personal hygiene
c. Drug resistance
d. Life-span of the parasite
e. Environment conditions
47.The following are true of host parasite relationship
a. Symbiosis is a successful host-parasite relationship
b. Obligatory parasite occasionally live on the host
c. The capability of a parasite to cause a disease is known as
pathogenesis
d. Acquired immunity is conferred by a host immune response to
previous parasitic infection
e. Parasitic infection gives rise to clinical manifestation
48.The following are true of protozoa
a. Most of them are pathogens
b. They are classified as prokaryotes
c. Transmission is through consumption of raw meat
d. One of the infective stages is oocyst
e. Their infections can be diagnosed by tissue biopsy
49.The following are true of helminths
a. All trematodes are hermaphrodites
b. Flukes are classified according to their habitat
c. Transmission of helminths occur through autoinfection
d. Brugia malayi is an important cestode in Malaysia
e. Taenia solium is more pathogenic than taenia saginata
50.The following are true of arthropods
a. They are bilaterally asymmetrical
b. They are invertebrate with joined appendages
c. They play a role in forensic investigation
d. Flies undergo hemimetabolous life cycle
e. Mosquitoes transmit plasmodium trough transovarial route
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