LAB # 03

OBJECTIVE:
TO USE A WATER OVER MERCURY U-TUBE MANOMETER
TO DETERMINE PRESSURE AND COMPARE READING OF MANOMETER.

APPARATUS:
U-TUBE MANOMETER & HYDROSTATIC BENCH

M.NAVEED ZAFAR -055

COMPONENTS:
1.universal hydrometer and hydrometer jars
2 falling sphere viscometers
3 free surface tubes
4 hook and point gauge
5 Mercury barometer (Mercury not supplied)
6 Bourdon gauge
7 u-tube manometers
8 deadweight pressure gauge calibrator and weights
9 hydrostatic pressure apparatus
10 Pascal's apparatus
11 parallel plate capillary apparatus
12 capillary tube apparatus
13 lever balance with displacement vessel, bucket and cylinder
14 metacentric height apparatus
15 measuring cylinder
16 thermometer
17 air pump+
18 600ml beaker
19 stop clock

THEORY

M.NAVEED ZAFAR -055

MANOMETER:
An instrument used to measure the pressure exerted by liquids and gases. Pressure is
exerted on one end of a U-shaped tube partially filled with liquid; the liquid is displaced
upwards on the other side of the tube by a distance proportional to the pressure difference
on each side of the tube.

TYPES OF MANOMETER
1 simple manometer
2 micro-manometer
3 differential manometer
4 inverted differential manometer
5.inclined manometer

Limitations :
In the U-tube manometer, the application of pressure causes the liquid in one leg to go
down while hat in the other leg goes up, so there is no fixed reference. This tends to make
the measurement of the height more difficult then it would be if one surface could be
maintained at some fixed level.

WORKING OF MANOMETER
It can be used for measuring moderate pressures of liquids. The setup of manometer
consists of a glass tube, inserted in the wall of a vessel or of a pipe. The tube extends
vertically upward to such a height that liquid can freely rise in it without overflowing.
The pressure at any point in the liquid is indicated by the height of the liquid in the
tube above that point.
Pressure at point A can be computed by measuring the height to which the liquid rises
in the glass tube. The pressure at point A is given by p = wh, where w is the specific
weight of the liquid

PROCEDURE:
Close valve v10 & open valve v9..
Ensure that the tube connecting the manometer and bourden gauge and the
respective limb of manometer are fully primed with water.
Level the deadweight pressure gauge callibrator.
Fill cylinder of deadweight calibrator with water and insert piston.
Open valve v6. Open vent valve to exhaust air from system. close vent valve.
M.NAVEED ZAFAR -055

Open valve v8. With piston only in calibrator , note levels of each manometer
limb. Note reading on bourdon gauge.Keep piston rotating to avoid sticking.
Load up piston with kg mass and note levels of each manometer limb. Note
reading on the bourden gauge.
Load up piston with 1 kg mass only and note levels of each manometer limb. Note
reading on the bourden gauge.
In the end , remove and dry piston and lightly coat with Vaseline . Drain cylinder.

calculations and observations

F=mg ; p=F/A NM^2 =P/10^5 bar

P=wh =h=p/w
Sr.
No

Applied
mass
(kg)

1
2
3
4

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0

Dead weight reading

Bourdon gauge
reading

bar
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8

M of
water
2.04
4.08
6.12
8.24

bar
0.25
0.4
0.6
0.85

M.NAVEED ZAFAR -055

M .of
water
2
4.3
6.03
8.1

Manometer
reading mmHg

129
203
210
235

bar
.172
.27
.28
.31