Electronic Biomedical monitoring system

Arpit, Aman gahoi, Neeraj prasher, Mohit garia

Under guidance of Mr. Chandika Mohan Babu
School of Electronics and Communication, lpu

Abstract:-Biomedical instruments refer to a

very broad class of devices and systems. A
biomedical instrument is an ECG machine to many
people. To others, its a chemical biosensor, and to
some its a medical imaging system. Current
estimates place the worldwide market for biomedical
instruments at over $200 billion. Biomedical
instruments are ubiquitous; they are significant to the
broader technology and biotechnology sectors; and,
finally, they are vital to many medical and scientific
fields. The main aim of this project is to make
biomedical devices wearable.
I.

Blood Pressure:-

Blood pressure (BP), sometimes referred to as arterial

blood pressure, is the pressure exerted by circulating
blood upon the walls of blood vessels, and is one of
the principal vital signs. When used without further
specification, "blood pressure" usually refers to the
arterial pressure of the systemic circulation, usually
measured at a person's upper arm. A persons blood
pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic
pressure over diastolic pressure and is measured in
millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normal resting
blood pressure for an adult is approximately 120/80
mm Hg.
Blood pressure varies depending on situation,
activity, and disease states, and is regulated by the
nervous and endocrine systems. Blood pressure that
is pathologically low is called hypotension, and
pressure that is pathologically high is hypertension.
Both have many causes and can range from mild to
severe, with both acute and chronic forms. Chronic
hypertension is a risk factor for many complications,
including peripheral vascular disease, heart attack,
and stroke. Hypertension is generally more common,
also due to the demands of modern lifestyles.
Hypertension and hypotension go often undetected
because of infrequent monitoring.
Blood pressure is measured with 2 numbers. An
example is shown below.

Blood pressure lower than or equal to

120/80 is ideal.
For people with diabetes or kidney disease,
blood pressure lower than 130/80 is good.
Lower than 120/80 is ideal.

II.

Heart rate:-

Heart rate, or heart pulse, is the speed of the heartbeat

measured by the number of heartbeats per unit of
time typically beats per minute (bpm). The heart
rate can vary according to the body's physical needs,
including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete
carbon dioxide. Activities that can provoke change
include physical exercise, sleep, anxiety, stress,
illness, ingesting, and drugs.

The normal resting adult human heart rate ranges

from 60100 bpm. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate,
defined as below 60 bpm. Tachycardia is a fast heart
rate, defined as above 100 bpm at rest. When the
heart is not beating in a regular pattern, this is
referred to as an arrhythmia. These abnormalities of
heart rate sometimes indicate disease.

temperature, a wide range of temperatures has been

found in healthy people.
The body temperature of a healthy person varies
during the day by about 0.5 C (0.9 F) with lower
temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures
in the late afternoon and evening, as the body's needs
and activities change. Other circumstances also affect
the body's temperature. The body temperature also
changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, or cold.

Fig.1 IR Sensor

Fig:-Body temperature sensing circuit.

i.
ii.
iii.
Fig.2 Circuit Diagram of Heart Rate
iv.
III.

Body Temperature:-

Normal human body temperature, also known as

normothermia, depends upon the place in the body at
which the measurement is made, the time of day, as
well as the activity level of the person. Different parts
of the body have different temperatures. Rectal and
vaginal measurements, or measurements taken
directly inside the body cavity, are typically slightly
higher than oral measurements, and oral
measurements are somewhat higher than skin
temperature. The commonly accepted average core
body temperature (taken internally) is 37.0 C (98.6
F). The typical oral (under the tongue) measurement
is slightly cooler, at 36.8 0.4 C (98.2 0.7 F),
and temperatures taken in other places (such as under
the arm or in the ear) produce different typical
numbers. Although some people think of these
averages as representing the normal or ideal

v.
vi.

IV.
References:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_eng
ineering.
http://www.ne.anl.gov/capabilities/sinde/hig
hlights/biomedical_apps.html.
http://www.webmd.com/heartdisease/features/5-heart-rate-mythsdebunked.
http://www.cnet.com/news/intels-basispeak-fitness-watch-now-streams-heart-rateto-other-apps-will-get-call-notifications.
http://www.gemcs.com/en/temperature.html.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&
arnumber=6717956&url=http%3A%2F%2F
ieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp
%3Farnumber%3D6717956.