Você está na página 1de 6

AN EXACT SOLUTION FOR FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A

MODERATELY THICK ORTHOTROPIC ALL-EDGE CLAMPED


CYLINDRICAL PANEL
Zafer I. Sakka a*, Jamal A. Abdalla b, and H. R. H. Kabir c
a

Lab. Instructor, Civil Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, UAE


Email: zsakka@aus.ac.ae

Associate Professor and Chair of Civil Engineering Department, American University of Sharjah, UAE
Email: jabdalla@aus.ac.ae
c

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University, Kuwait


Email: kabir@civil.kuniv.edu.kw

Abstract
This paper presents an analytical solution to the free vibration response of moderately-thick orthotropic
cylindrical panels with all edge clamped boundary condition. The Sanders kinematic relations for moderately
thick cylindrical panels are utilized to develop the governing partial differential equations in conjunction with
the boundary conditions. A generalized Naviers with a boundary continuous double Fourier series expansion
is used as a solution methodology. A parametric study is presented with various thicknesses, dimensions and
radii of the shell panel. The convergence of the solution method is established numerically for various
parametric properties. The present results are compared to the results obtained from an established finite
element method using a four-node isoparametric shell element. The results thus presented should serve as
bench-mark solutions for future comparisons.
Keywords: Orthotropic cylindrical shells; free vibration response; moderately-thick; shear-flexible.
Nomenclature
x1, x2, x3

Cartesian coordinate system

thickness of shell

u1, u2, u3

displacement along x1, x2, x3 axes

u i (i = 1, 2, 3)

displacement of a point at the reference point

Ni (i=1, 2, 6)

in-plane (axial) stress resultants

Mi (i=1, 2, 6)

bending stress resultants

Qi (i =1, 2)

transverse shear stress resultants

m, n

number of terms

Aij (1,2,6; j =1, 2, 6)

in-plane rigidities

Greek Symbols

1, 2

rotations of the normal about x2 and x1 coordinate axes

i , i0 (i = 1,2, 6)

surface parallel, normal and shearing strain

4 , 5

transverse shear strain components along the x2 -x3 and x1 -x3 planes

i (i =1, 2, 6)

changes in the curvature and twist at reference surface

density of the material

Corresponding author. Tel: +971-6-5152960; fax: +971-6-5152979

Introduction
Composite materials with different degree of orthotropy have been used increasingly as structural members in
several industries including automobile, aerospace, marine and several other industries that require high
strength and high stiffness to weight ratio. The advent of these materials is due to their previously indicated
unique beneficial properties such as high strength-to-weight, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, high fatigue
resistance and high performance in maintaining structural integrity at extreme loads and temperatures. The
mechanical properties and therefore the free vibration characteristics of these laminated composites depends
to a great extend on the ratio of shear rigidities to in-plane moduli, the degree of orthotropy of each layer and
the sequence of laminae as presented by Khare [1]. In this study a cylindrical shell with one layer of
orthotropic material is investigated. The orthotropic material has two Youngs moduli, two Poissons ratios
and three shear moduli.
Several researchers have developed analytical and approximate solutions for dynamic equilibrium equations
for predicting the free vibration response of shell structures using several assumptions. A summary of such
solutions have been presented and investigated in details by Leissa [2]. Updated survey of recently developed
shell theories with several solution methodologies are given in Noor [3] and in Liew [4]. Similar and parallel
development also took place in developing approximate methods for solving shell problems such as the finite
element method and a large number of shell elements emerged as recently surveyed by Yang et. al [5].
The main objective of the work presented here after is to obtain an analytical solution to free vibration
response of orthotropic cylindrical shell panels with low shear rigidities and fixed edges. The low shear
rigidity material resembles the emerging composite materials that are widely in use these days in several
industries. As indicated, the shell formulation considered is based on Sanders kinematic relations, where the
effect of shear deformations and rotary inertias are accounted for. The inclusion of shear deformation into the
shell formulation accurately predicts the shell behavior for moderately thick shells as presented by several
researchers Bert and Kumar [6] and Reddy [7]. A recently developed analytical solution approach by Kabir
[8], Chaudhuri and Kabir [9] based on boundary continuous double Fourier series expansion is utilized. The
result of the analytical solution is then compared with a finite element solution that is based on four-node
isoparametric element developed by Bathe and Dvorkin [10]. This shell element uses reduced one-point
integration approach as well as non-isoparametric form of shape functions for transverse shear deformations.
The element is implemented in a commercially available finite element package, NISA [11].

Theoretical formulation

A typical cylindrical panel of thickness h and


radius R and length L is shown in Figure 1

u3
u2, E2

Reference axes (x1, x2, x3) are placed at middle


surface (h/2) of the shell thickness. Axes x1, x2

u1, E1

b
x2

x3

Middle surface

and x3 represent an orthogonal curvilinear


x1

coordinate system along longitudinal (axial),


radial and circumferential direction of the shell.

h
R

Axis x3 is perpendicular to the surface of the


panel, a and b represent the segment length
(circumferential length) and longitudinal length

Figure 1: An orthotropic cylindrical shell panel.

along x1 and x2 axes, respectively .


The displacement fields expressed in terms of reference surface (middle surface) displacements are:

u1 = (1 +

x3
)u1 + x31 , u2 = u 2 + x32 , and u3 = u 3
R

(1a-c)

The strain-displacement relations (kinematic relations) based on Sanders [12] shell theory are:

1 = 10 + x31 , 2 = 20 + x3 2 , 4 = 40 , 5 = 50 , 6 = 60 + x3 6

(2a-e)

The dynamic equilibrium equations for a cylindrical panel are:

N1,1 + N 6, 2 + Co M 6, 2 +

N
Q1
= C1 , N 6,1 + N 2, 2 Co M 6,1 = C2 , Q1,1 + Q2, 2 1 = C3 ,
R
R

M 1,1 + M 6, 2 Q1 = C4 , M 6,1 + M 2, 2 Q2 = C5

(3a-e)

Ci (i=1,2,3,4,5) are defined as follows:

C1 = ( P1 +

P
P
2 P2
)u1,tt + ( P2 + 3 )1,tt , C2 = P1u 2,tt + P22,tt , C3 = P1u3,tt , C4 = ( P2 + 3 )u1,tt + P31,tt ,
R
R
R

C5 = P2u 2,tt + P32,tt

(4a-e)

The in-plane stress, bending stress and shear stress resultants for orthotropic materials can be expressed in
terms of the displacements and their derivatives as follows:

N 1 = A 11 (u 1,1 +

u3
u
) + A 12 (u 2, 2 ) , N 2 = A 12 (u 1,1 + 3 ) + A 22 (u 2, 2 ) , N 6 = A 66 (u 2,1 + u 1, 2 ) ,
R
R

M 1 = D11 1,1 + D12 2, 2 , M 2 = D12 1,1 + D 22 2, 2 , M 6 = D 66 2,1 + 1, 2 C o (u 2,1 + u 1, 2 ) ,


2

Q 1 = k 12 A 44 (u 3, 2 + 2 ) , Q 2 = k 12 A 55 u 3,1 + 1 + 1
R

(5a-h)

The boundary conditions for the fixed edges are:


u1 = u2 = u3 = 1 = 2 = 0 at all edges

(6)

The geometric boundary conditions (equation 6) for a cylindrical panel are exactly satisfied by the following
set of displacement functions Green [13], Kabir [8] and Kabir et al. [14]:

u 1 = U mn sin ( m x 1 )sin ( n x 2 )e it , u 2 = Vmn sin ( m x 1 )sin ( n x 2 )e it ,


m =1 n =1

m =1 n =1

u 3 = Wmn sin ( m x 1 )sin ( n x 2 )e it , 1 = X mn sin ( m x 1 )sin ( n x 2 )e it ,


m =1 n =1

m =1 n =1

2 = Ymn sin ( m x 1 )sin ( n x 2 )e it

(7a-e)

m =1 n =1

where m = m/a and n = n/b .


The implementation of the above functions into the governing differential equations, and their subsequent
manipulation are shown in [15], hence not provided here.
Numerical results and discussion
Orthotropic cylindrical shell panels with square and rectangular plans and fixed edges are used with the
following material properties to present the analytical solution and compare it with the finite element solution.
The natural frequencies are normalized using equation 8 below and the material properties used are:E1 = 25000, E2 = 1000 , 12 = 0.25, 21 = 0.01 and G13 = G23 = 500, G12 = 200

Norm = a 2

E2

(8)

Numerical results are presented in Figure 2 to demonstrate the convergence of the normalized natural
frequencies for different parametric ratios. Figure 3 and Figure 4 present the mode shapes for cylindrical
shells with E1/E2 = 25, R/a = 10, and a/h = 10, for both b/a = 2 and b/a = 1, respectively. Mode shapes
obtained from finite element solution are found to be similar to those reported for the analytical ones, and
they were not presented here for the sake of brevity. Table 1 presents a comparison between the natural
frequencies obtained from the analytical solution and that obtained from the finite element analysis using
NISA program for orthotropic cylindrical panels with different parametric ratios.
a/h=10

a/h=20

60

120

Frequency

Frequency

100
40

20

80
60
40
20

10

a/h=30

Frequency

10

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

150
100
50
0

6
m=n

6
m=n

10

Figure 2: Convergence rate of frequencies (i, i=1-7) with E1/E2 = 25, b/a = 1, R/a = 5
4

Figure 3: Mode shape of u3(2,3) for an orthotropic shell panel with E1/E2 = 25, b/a = 2, R/a = 10, a/h = 10

Figure 4: Mode shape of u3(2,2) for an orthotropic shell panel with E1/E2 = 25, b/a = 1, R/a = 10, a/h = 10

Table 1: Comparison of frequencies (i, i=1-7) between analytical and FEM solution for panels with E1/E2 =
25, b/a=1, R/a=10, a/h=10
FEM (16x16
elements)
Frequency
Analytical (m=n=11)
Percentage Error
1
19.09493
14.35944
-24.80%
2
24.34422
21.08082
-13.41%
3
34.43062
25.21419
-26.77%
4
34.76941
30.09587
-13.44%
5
36.46738
33.38109
-8.46%
6
39.55994
38.50062
-2.68%
7
42.09301
38.62836
-8.23%

Conclusion
The free vibration response of shear-flexible moderately-thick orthotropic cylindrical shell panels, with fixed
edges boundary conditions, was studied using an analytical approach that is based on generalized Naviers
with a boundary continuous double Fourier series expansion. The results of the analytical approach are
compared with a well established four-node finite element model solution. The analytical results for various
parametric ratios were compared with the finite element results and the two results are very comparable.
This study it can be concluded that:

The convergence rate of a square cylindrical panel is faster than the rectangular ones with an aspect
ratio b/a = 2.

The natural frequency increases with increasing a/h ratio for orthotropic materials.

The deviation between the analytical solution and the FEM solution decreases for high frequencies.

References
1. Khare RK, Kant T and Garg AK. Free vibration of composite and sandwich laminates with a higher order
facet shell element, Composite Structures 2004; in press.
2. Leissa AW. Vibration of shells. NASA SP-288, 1973.
3. Noor AK. Bibliography of monographs and surveys on shells. ASME Applied Mechanics Review 1990;
43(9), 223-234.
4. Liew KM, Lim CW, and Kitipornchai S. Various theories for vibration of shallow shells: a review with
bibliography. ASME Applied Mechanics Reviews 1997; 50(8), 43144.
5. Yang HT, Saigal S, Masud A and Kapania R. A survey of recent shell finite elements, International
Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering 2000; 47(1-3), 101-127.
6. Bert CW and Kumar M. Vibration of cylindrical shells of bimodulus composite materials. Journal of
Sound and Vibration 1982; 81, 107-121.
7. Reddy JN. Exact solutions of moderately thick laminated shells. Journal of Engineering Mechanics 1984;
110(5), 794-809.
8. Kabir HRH. Boundary value problems of thin, moderately deep cross-ply laminated cylindrical shells.
Composite Structures 1991; 18, 297-310.
9. Chaudhuri RA and Kabir HRH. On analytical solutions to boundary-value problems of doubly curved,
moderately thick, orthotropic shells. International Journal of Engineering Science 1989; 2(11), 13251336.
10. Bathe KJ and Dvorkin EN. A four-node plate bending element based on Mindlin-Reissner plate theory
and mixed interpolation. International Journal of Numerical Methods 1985; 21:367-383.
11. NISA-II. Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation, Troy, MI, USA, 1990.
12. Sanders JL. An improved first-approximation theory for thin shells. NASA Tech. Report, NASA-TRR24,
1959.
13. Green AE. Double Fourier series and boundary value problems. Proceedings of Cambridge Philosophical
Society 1944; 40, 222-228.
14. Kabir HRH and Chaudhuri RA. A direct Fourier approach for the analysis of thin finite-dimensional
cylindrical panels. Computers and Structures 1993; 46(2), 279-287.
15. Zafer I. Sakka, Frequency Response Of Shear Flexible All-Edge Clamped Cylindrical Panels Made of
Isotropic and Orthotropic Materials. A thesis dissertation, Kuwait University, 1997.

Você também pode gostar