THE REMOVAL OF

IN ELECTROPLATING WASTE WATER

Luh Laksmi Dharayanti Satria

15311010

Budi Khairunisa Solekha

15311021

Milna Kurniawati

15311027

Kaysha Floren Devinadiar

15311035

Disintegrated

ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY
Contributes massive quantity of

hexavalent chromium

to water body

Protein synthesis
Insulin synthesis
Fatty acid formation

toxic
mutagenic
teratogenic

Knowing the

doses

of FeSO4 and Ca(OH)2 that needed to remove Cr6+

Comparing the total need of FeSO4 and Ca(OH)2

Knowing the total sludge

Compare the total sludge

from stoichiometry and

experiment.

produced after the coagulation-flocculation

process

eperimental work.

produced by stoichiometric and by

METHODS

ION EXCHANGE
Cr ions exchanged by other ions in the resin

2
3

ADSORPTION
Cr ions adsorbed by adsorbent

(i.e. activated carbon)

PRECIPITION
Cr ions reacted with Ca(OH)2 and forming sediment

PROCEDURE BY PRECIPITATING

1.

Cr6+ waste water

H2SO4 until pH < 3

2.

Strongly acidic Cr6+

waste water

FeSO4.7H2O

3.

Cr3+ and Fe3+ in

waste water

Ca(OH)2

[STOICHIOMETRY]
Suppose,
Cr6+ in water will mostly be in the form of Cr2O72Cr2O72- + 14H+ + 6e- 2Cr3+ + 7H2O
Fe2+ Fe3+ + e-

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cr2O72- + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ 2Cr3+ + 6Fe3+ + 7H2O

1 mol Cr2O72- needs 6 mol Fe2+

1 mol Cr2O72- needs 6 mol 6Fe2+

How much Fe will be needed for 1 mol of Cr6+ ?
Fraction

Cr6+

So,
1 mol

Cr3+

Cr2 O2
7
2 52 104
=
= 0.4815 mol
216
216

needs =

6
0.4815

= 12.5 mol Fe2+.

1 mol Cr3+ needs 12.5 mol Fe2+.

We have,
100 ppm = 100 mg/L FeSO4 solution
For 1 L of waste,
there will be :
100
54

And it needs :

= 1.92 mmol

So,

24.04

Cr3+

56

100 /

1.92 x 12.5 = 24.04 mmol Fe2+

= 13.46 ml FeSO4.7H2O

In short,

We need 13.46 ml FeSO4.7H2O to treat 1 L waste

water

For reducing Cr6+ into Cr3+

Precipitated by adding Ca(OH)2

Cr3+

Fe3+

1.92 mmol

3OH-

3OH-

5.76 mmol

Cr(OH)3
1.92 mmol

Fe(OH)3

+
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------77.88 mmol
24.04 mmol

72.12 mmol

We have,
100 ppm = 100 mg/L FeSO4 solution

So, lime needed will be :

77.88 mmol x

74
100

= 53.9312 ml Ca(OH)2

24.04 mmol

From over all stoichiometry :

1 L Cr6+ waste water (100 ppm)

Needs 13.46 ml FeSO4.7H2O
For reducing Cr6+ into Cr3+

Needs 53.9312 ml Ca(OH)2

For precipitating Cr3+

[THEORETICAL PRACTICE]
[THEORETICAL
PRACTICE]
1 L Cr6+ waste
water (100 ppm)
Needs 16.03 ml FeSO4.7H2O
For reducing Cr6+ into Cr3+

Needs 9.48 ml Ca(OH)2

For precipitating Cr3+
Wisnjuprapto, 2013

6
1

variables for each version

50% FeSO4.7H2O + 50% Ca(OH)2

75% FeSO4.7H2O + 75% Ca(OH)2

100% FeSO4.7H2O + 1000% Ca(OH)2

125% FeSO4.7H2O + 125% Ca(OH)2

150% FeSO4.7H2O + 150% Ca(OH)2

250% FeSO4.7H2O + 250% Ca(OH)2

% dosage from optimum dose

[STOICHIOMETRY]
For Volume 1L

Variation

Dose (%)

For Volume 500 ml

FeSO4.7H2O

Ca(OH)2

FeSO4.7H2O

Ca(OH)2

50

6.73

26.9656

3.37

13.48

75

10.095

40.4484

5.05

20.22

100

13.46

53.9312

6.73

26.97

125

16.825

67.414

8.41

33.71

150

20.19

80.8968

10.10

40.45

250

33.65

134.828

16.83

67.41

[THEORETICAL PRACTICE]
Variatiom

Dose (%)

For Volume 1L

For Volume 500 ml

FeSO4.7H2O

Ca(OH)2

FeSO4.7H2O

Ca(OH)2

50

8.015

4.74

4.01

2.37

75

12.0225

7.11

6.01

3.56

100

16.03

9.48

8.02

4.74

125

20.0375

11.85

10.02

5.93

150

24.045

14.22

12.02

7.11

250

40.075

23.7

20.04

11.85

initial pH of wastewater

initial temperature

6.95
25.3oC

final pH of wastewater

final temperature

2.97
25.3oC

[STOICHIOMETRY]
Dose

Variation

Sediment

FeSO4.7H2O

Ca(OH)2

Empty Filter
Weight (gr)

Filter +
Sediment (gr)

Total Sediment
(gr)

3.365

13.4828

1.11972

1.3245

0.20478

5.0475

20.2242

2.32126

2.4261

0.10484

6.73

26.9656

1.1859

1.4328

0.2469

8.4125

33.707

1.169

1.4422

0.2732

10.095

40.4484

1.1547

1.5028

0.3481

16.825

67.414

1.1432

1.6523

0.5091

[THEORETICAL PRACTICE]
Dose

Total Sludge Produced

FeSO4.7H2O

Ca(OH)2

Empty Filter
Weight (gr)

Filter +
Sediment
(gr)

4.0075

2.37

1.1287

1.2675

0.1388

6.01125

3.555

1.1294

1.3086

0.1792

8.015

4.74

1.1865

1.4177

0.2312

10.01875

5.925

1.1419

1.3829

0.241

12.0225

7.11

1.1185

1.376

0.2575

20.0375

11.85

2.2772

3.1233

0.8461

Variation

Total Sediment
(gr)

Comparation Graph
of Sediment (gr) VS Variation

in Both Versions

0.9

0.8
Sediment (gr)

0.7
0.6

0.5
0.4

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

4
Variation

[STOICHIOMETRY]

[THEORETICAL PRACTICE]

1.

Cr6+ waste water

H2SO4 until pH < 3

Reduction by FeSO4 occurs best in
strongly acidic solution

2.

Strongly acidic Cr6+

waste water

FeSO4.7H2O
To reduce Cr6+ into Cr3+, because
Cr6+ cant be reacted with Ca(OH)2 to form
sediment

3.

Cr3+ and Fe3+ in

waste water

Na(OH)2
OH- will form ionic bond with Cr3+
and Fe3+

Fe(OH)3 and Ca(OH)3

These new complexes collide each

other, forming bigger complex,
weight more, forming bigger flock

AAS is needed for a further a do

Precipitated

Weight in to examine total sediment

performed

Negative pressure vacuum used to

separate sediment and liquid part

Theoretically,
In the need of 16.03 ml FeSO4.7H2O and9.48 ml Ca(OH)2

Will produce :
0,38 ppm Fe(OH)3 dari setiap 1ppm FeSO4.7H2O yang digunakan
1,84 ppm CaSO4 dari setiap 1ppm Ca(OH)2 yang digunakan
1,98 ppm Cr(OH)3 dari setiap kandungan 1 ppm Cr+6

Comparation Graph
of Sediment (gr) VS Variation
0.6

Sediment (gr)

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

theory

0.1
0
0

50

100

150
Dose (%)

200

250

300

Comparation Graph
of Sediment (gr) VS Variation
0.9

0.8
0.7
Sediment (gr)

0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

theory

0.1
0
0

Variation

Comparation Graph
of Sediment (gr) VS Variation
0.9

0.8
Sediment (gr)

0.7
0.6

0.5
0.4

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

4
Variation

For the theoritical one, the total doses of FeSO4 and Ca(OH)2 are: 20.0375 ml
and 11.85 ml (version B). For the stoichiometic one, the total doses of FeSO4 and
Ca(OH)2 are 16.825 ml and 67.414 (version A)

The theoritical one needs less coagulant and flocculant than the stoichiometric
one

For the theoritical one, the total sludge produced is 0.84610 gr (version B). For
the stoichiometic one, the total sludge produced is 0.5091 gr (version A)

The theoritical one produced more total sludge than the theoritical one

[Bellaria Ekaputri]
Kalau kurang waktu untuk jar test dan filtrasi dalam 1 hari, kenapa tidak
dikerjain sampai sekarang-sekarang, sampai h-beberapa sebelum presentasi
aja?
Tidak bisa, soalnya semakin lama hasil jartestnya dibiarkan, semakin bagus
karakteristik endapannya, perlakuan satu variabel dan yang lainnya jadi
berbeda, idealnya pengukuran endapan harus dilakukan di satu waktu.

[Kevin Barlian]
Maaf saya kurang memperhatikan, sebenarnya variabel percobaannya apa?
Variabel dosis koagulan, mulai dari 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, dan 250% dosis
optimal koagulan menurut perhitungan dan teori.

[Kakak S2]
Lain kali, analisis penyebab kesalahan praktikum tidak usah diisampaikan, itu
cukup sebagai analisis untuk kalian sendiri saja
Oke kak (y)

[Piyarat Kittiwat]
Thank you for the English presentation!

Youre welcome Palm :)