Huggins 1

Marcus Huggins
Instructor: Brenda Tindal
HONR 3700-H04
December 9th, 2014
Annotated Bibliography
Martin Berger, Seeing Through Race: A Reinterpertation of Civil Rights Photographs,
(Berkley: University of California Press, 2011), ISBN: 9780520268647 (RQ)
Seeing Through Race challenges the reader to understand the importance
of visual representation and photographs during the civil rights movement.
Images of police brutality against peaceful protestors in Birmingham provoked
white sympathy and shame. It was said that the events in Birmingham made
whites question their civil responsibilities as well as their morality. Berger also
describes his notion of perfecting victims and imperfect tactics. Children that
took action during the movement were considered, as perfect victims due to
their sense of innocence as well as the fact that children would be less
susceptible to white brutality. However, the strategy seemed imperfect due to
the fact that it put the children in danger.
Steven Lawson and Charles Payne, Debating the Civil Rights Movement, 1945-1968
(New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2nd edition, 1998) (RC)
Debating the Civil Rights Movement examines two opposing viewpoints
of the Civil Rights movement during the 1960s. Lawson focuses on the major
events or classical phase of the movement in his View from the Nation, while
Payne highlights the local and underrepresented perspective of the movement.

Huggins 2
Lawson describes that without national organizations and lawmakers constantly
pressuring the federal government, the local struggle would not have been enough
alone. Ultimately, Payne explains the importance of considering the larger
movement when describing the Civil Rights movement and implies that our
perception of the past will continue to shape the way we think about race today.
Renee Romano and Leigh Raiford, The Civil Rights Movement in American Memory
(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2006) (RQ)
The Civil Rights Movement in American Memory challenges the traditional
viewpoint of the Civil Rights movement and observes how people and events are
remembered in American history. It is divided into four sections:
Institutionalizing Memory, Visualizing Memory, Diverging Memory, and
Deploying Memory. Institutionalizing memory investigates how the historical
memory of the movement has been translated into public memory. Visualizing
Memory examines the importance of photography and how the civil rights
movement has been represented in the mass media. Diverging Memory examines
the role of gender in the Civil Rights Movement, and Deploying Memory
examines groups attempts to continue to connect with the movement.