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Statics
Chapter 1 - 2
Lecturer: Tran Hoai Nam
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
REFERENCE MATERIALS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
GRADES
Homeworks:
(20%)
(55%)
Reading chapters
Summary of Course Outline
- Exam #1:
10/29/2013.
- Exam #2:
11/14/2013.
- Exam #3:
12/03/2013.
- Final Exam:.
Mark the exam dates on your calendar
ANY
QUESTION?
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
of forces.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Statics:
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
Idealization:
- Particle:
A particle has a mass but size that can be neglected.
- Rigid body:
A rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large
number of particles in which all the particles remain at fixed
distance from one another both before and after applying a load.
- Concentrated force:
Represents the effect of a loading which is assumed to act at a
point on a body.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
F=ma
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Engineering and Mechanics:
Units conversion: The U.S Customary Unit
and the Internatinonal System of Units:
Length:
1 inch = 25,4 mm
1 foot = 0,3048 m
1 mile = 5280 feet = 1609,344 m
Mass:
1 slug = 14,59 kg
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Engineering and Mechanics:
Example:
1. A man is riding a biycle at a speed
of 6 meters per second (m/s). How
Strategy:
One kilometer is 1000 meter and one hour is 60 minutes x
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1. Engineering and Mechanics:
Example:
2. The pressure exerted at point of the
the pressure in
Solution:
The pressure is:
3.106 N/m2= 3.106N/m2 x (1lb/4,448N) x (0,3m/1ft)2 = 62,700 lb/ft2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
separated by a distance r:
Gm1m2
F
,
2
r
1.1
constant.
Gm mE
W
,
2
r
1.2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
GmE
a
.
2
r
1.3
RE2
ag 2 .
r
1.4
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
RE2
W ma mg 2 .
r
1.5
W mg ,
1.6
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Solution:
14 oz = 14 oz (1lb/16oz).(4,448N/lb)
= 3,892N.
m = W/g = 3,982 (kg.m/s2)
/(9,81m/s2) = 0,397kg.
m = 0,397kg
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
RESUTS 1.2
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
vectors.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.1. Vector
Scalar
Vector
- Force, velocity
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.1. Vector
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
a) A displacement by the
vector U.
b) The displacement U
followed
by
the
displacement V.
c) The displacement U
and V are equivalent
to the dispalement W.
d) The final position of
the
book
doesnt
depend on the order
of the displacement.
U + V = W (2.1)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
The triangle and parallelogram rule:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
Product of a scalar and a vector:
The product of scalar (real number ) a and a vector U is a vector
written as aU:
- Its magnitude is |a|.|U|.
- The direction of aU is the same as the direction of U when a is
positive and is opposite to the direction of U when a is negative.
Notes:
=> (-1)U is written as U and is
called negative of the vector U.
=>
A vector U and some of
its scalar multiples
U
1
( )U
a
a
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
Product of a scalar and a vector:
The definition of vector addition and the product of a scalar and a
vector imply that:
a(bU) = (ab)U
(a + b)U = aU + bU
a(U + V) = aU + aV
Vector subtraction:
The difference of two vectors U and V
is obtained by adding U to the vector
(-1)V:
U V = U + (-1) V
a) Two vectors
U and V.
b) The vector
V and (-1)V
c) The sum of
U and (-1)V
is the vector
difference U
V.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
Unit vectors
A unit vector is simply a vector whose magnitude is 1. Any vector
U can be regraded as the product of its magnitude and a unit
vector that has same direction as U:
U
e
U
Since U and e
have the same
direction
the
vector U equals
the product of its
magnitude with e.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.2. Vector Addition:
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
2.1.3. Example:
1. Part of the roof of a sports stadium is to suppoted by the cable AB and
AC. The forces the cables exert on the pylon to which they are attached are
represented by the vectors FAB and FAC. the magnitudes of the forces are
|FAB|=100kN and |FAC|=60kN. Determine the magnitude and direction of
the sum of forces exerted on the pylon by cables.
Strategy:
- Using the parellelogram rule for adding the two forces and
measuring the magnitude and direction of their sum.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.1. Scalars and Vectors
RESULTS 2.1
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2. Components of a vector
2.2.1. Components in Two Dimensions
Definition:
U = Ux + Uy
U = Uxi + Uyj
(2.3)
|U| =
(2.4)
U x2 U y2
(a) Vector U
(b) The vector components Ux and Uy
(c) The vector components can be expressed in terms of i and j
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2 Components of a vector
2.2.1. Components in Two Dimensions
(2.5)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2 Components of a vector
2.2.1. Components in Two Dimensions
Position Vectors in Terms of Components
(2.6)
(a) Two points A and B and the position vector rAB from A to B.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2 Components of a vector
2.2.1. Components in Two Dimensions
Example :
1. The forces acting on the sailplane are
its weight W = -600j (lb), the drag D = 200i + 100j (lb) and the lift L.
a) If the sum of the forces on the sailplane
is zore, what are the compronents of L?
b) If
the
lift
determined
has
the
in
(a)
and
component
the
drag
the sailplane?
Solution:
a. W + D + L = 0 => L = -W D = 600j + 200i 100j = 500j + 200i.
b. L + 2D + W = 500j + 200i 400i + 200j 600j = 100j 200i.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2 Components of a vector
2.2.1. Components in Two Dimensions
2. The cable from point A to
point B exerts a 900N force on
the
top
of
transmission
the
television
tower
that
is
components
in
terms
using
of
the
Strategy:
Determine the components of the vector F in two ways:
- Determining the angle between F and the y axis and use trigonometry to
determine the components.
- Using the given slope of the cable AB and apply similar triangles to
determine the components of F.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2 Components of a vector
2.2.2. Components in Three Dimensions
Definition:
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.2 Components of a vector
2.2.2. Components in Three Dimensions
Definition:
The coordinate system shown is said to be right handed.
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
(2.8)
U U x2 U y2 U z2 2.9
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
(2.10)
The quantities cosx, cosy, cosz are called the direction cosines of U:
(2.11)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
(2.12)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
(2.10)
direction cosines.
Answer: cosx = - 0.535,cosy = 0.802, cosy = 0.267
to
obtain
the
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
Strategy:
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
RESULTS 2.2:
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
RESULTS 2.2:
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
RESULTS 2.2
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
RESULTS 2.2
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.3. Dot Products and Cross Products:
2.3.1. Dot Products
Definition:
The dot product of U and V:
U.V = |U|.|V|cos
(2.13)
dot product
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.14
U V
U V
2.15
Up = (eL .U)eL
(2.16)
(2.17)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
b)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
U x V = |U||V|sin e
(2.18),
UxV=-VxU
U x (V + W) = (U x V) + (U x W)
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
j k
U V U x U y U z 2.19
Vx Vy Vz
Mixed Triple Product:
In chapter 4, when we discuss the moment of a force about a
line, we will use an operation called the mixed triple product:
Ux Uy Uz
U .(V W ) Vx Vy Vz
Wx Wy Wz
2.20
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
Strategy:
- Use Eq (2.19) to determine U x V
- Due to prove U x V is perpendicular to U by showing that
(U x V).U = 0 (Use Eq (2.14)) .
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.3. Dot Products and Cross Products:
RESULTS 2.3
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.3. Dot Products and Cross Products:
RESULTS 2.3
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.3. Dot Products and Cross Products:
RESULTS 2.3
CHAPTER 2 VECTORS
2.3. Dot Products and Cross Products:
RESULTS 2.3