SWIFT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
NAME: Gurneet Singh
TOPIC: 5 Volt power supply
MODULE: Z01SE

SUBMITTED TO:
Er. Kulveen singh

SUBMITTED BY:
Gurneet Singh

Index
Topic

Page No :-

Acknowledgement

Diagram

Circuit Diagram

Material used

4-8

Applications

Reference

10

Acknowledgement
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to Er. Kulveen singh
for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of
this project. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to time shall carry me a long
way in the journey of my life on which I am about to embark.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to Er. Kulveen singh, Swift
Institute of Engineering and Technology, which helped me in completing this task through
various stages.

I am obliged to staff members of Engineering Department, for the valuable information

provided by them in their respective fields. I am grateful for their cooperation during the period
of my assignment.

Yours obediently
Gurneet Singh

Diagram

Description.
7805 is a 5V fixed three terminal positive voltage regulator IC. The IC has features
such as safe operating area protection, thermal shut down, internal current limiting
which makes the IC very rugged. Output currents up to 1A can be drawn from the
IC provided that there is a proper heat sink. A 9V transformer steps down the main
voltage, 1A bridge rectifies it and capacitor C1 filters it and 7805 regulates it to
produce a steady 5Volt DC.

Circuit Diagram

Material used

Transformer
Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another
with little loss of power. Transformers work only with AC and
this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC.
Step-up transformers increase voltage, step-down transformers
reduce voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down
transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230V
in UK) to a safer low voltage.

Transformer
circuit symbol

The input coil is called the primary and the output coil is called
the secondary. There is no electrical connection between the two
coils, instead they are linked by an alternating magnetic field
created in the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two lines in
the middle of the circuit symbol represent the core.
Transformers waste very little power so the power out is (almost)
equal to the power in. Note that as voltage is stepped down
current is stepped up.
The ratio of the number of turns on each coil, called the turns
ratio, determines the ratio of the voltages. A step-down
transformer has a large number of turns on its primary (input)
coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, and a
small number of turns on its secondary (output) coil to give a low
output voltage.

Transformer

Diode

A diode is the simplest sort of semiconductor device. Broadly speaking, a semiconductor is a material
with a varying ability to conduct electrical current. Most semiconductors are made of a poor conductor
that has had impurities added to it. The process of adding impurities is called doping.

A diode consists of a section of N-type material bonded to a section of Ptype material, with electrodes on each end. This arrangement conducts electricity in only one direction.
When no voltage is applied to the diode, electrons from the N-type material fill holes from the P-type
material along the junction between the layers, forming a depletion zone. In a depletion zone, the
semiconductor material is returned to its original insulating state -- all of the holes are filled, so there are
no free electrons or empty spaces for electrons, and charge can't flow.

Regulator

Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages. They
are also rated by the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators are available, mainly
for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection from excessive current
('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection').
Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs have 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805
+5V 1A regulator shown on the right. They include a hole for attaching a heatsink if necessary.

Capacitor

Capacitor is a simple passive device. The capacitor is a component which has the ability or
"capacity" to store energy in the form of an electrical charge producing a potential difference (Static
Voltage) across its plates, much like a small rechargable battery. In its basic form, a capacitor consists of
two or more parallel conductive (metal) plates which are not connected or touching each other, but are
electrically separated either by air or by some form of insulating material such as paper, mica, ceramic or
plastic and which is commonly called the capacitors Dielectric.

The conductive metal plates of a capacitor can be either square, circular or rectangular, or they can be of a
cylindrical or spherical shape with the general shape, size and construction of a parallel plate capacitor
depending on its application and voltage rating.
When used in a direct current or DC circuit, a capacitor charges up to its supply voltage but blocks the
flow of current through it because the dielectric of a capacitor is non-conductive and basically an
insulator. However, when a capacitor is connected to an alternating current or AC circuit, the flow of the
current appears to pass straight through the capacitor with little or no resistance.

Applications
1.For Mobile Charger
2.Camera battery Charger
3.Flasher Lights
4.Siren Relays.

Reference

[1]http://www.trcelectronics.com/5-volt-power-supply.shtml
[2]http://www.circuitspecialists.com/24-volt-power-supply
[3]http://freecircuitdiagrams4u.blogspot.in/2010/01/5-volt-power-supply.html
[4]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity_by_country
[5]http://www.electronicsteacher.com/tutorial/building-a-5-volt-power-supply.php