Chapter 25

ROMANTIC
-form of literature usually about a hero
VIRTUOSOS
1. Nicolo Pagannini on Violin
2. Franz Liszt on Piano
Fryderyk Chopin - poet of the Piano
Guiseppe de Verdi was on the Opera
Cara Wieck - pianist who was supposed to marry Robert Schumann
INNOVATIONS
THe Double-Escapement action by Sebatian Erard
Flute Factories by Theobald Boehm
Louis-Auguste Buffet made the clarinet
Adolphe Sax made a half-Brass/half-Woodwind instrument - The Saxophone

ROMANTICISM
there are "Characteristic Pieces" that were made
~pieces of Chopin, Brahms, etc.

HECTOR BERLIOZ
made the:
1. German Lied - Fusion of poetry and music
2. Ballad - narrative and dialogue music; there are stories in the song
FRANZ SCHUBERT
Made the "TROUT QUINTET" --- his most famous
Died from Syphilis because of his treatment from Mercury
"SONGCYCLES"
---Dichtlerliebe (A Poet's Love)
---Frauenlichbe und-Leben (Woman's Love and Life)
STEPHEN FOSTER
Leading American Composer
--- made "PARLOR SONGS"; also known as Ballads

----MUSIC FOR PIANO---MUZIO CLEMENTI

- he made "GRADUS AD PAUNASSUM" (Etudes)
ROBERT SCHUBERT
- made Six Moments Musicaux and 8 Impromtus

CARL CZERNY
-Student of Beethoven and Teacher of Liszt
FELIX MENDELSSOHN
- LIEDER OHNE WORTE (Songs without Words)
- He founded the "Leipzig Conservatory"
- Died at 33
ROBERT SCHUMANN
- Papillons
- Carnaval, Fantasiestucke
- Kinderscenenen
3 Personalities of Schumann
1. Raro - Wise Old Man
2. Eusebius - The Dreamer
3. Florestan - The Doer
FRYDERYK CHOPIN
-created the Etudes for playing in Performances and Concerts - "CONCERT ETUDES"
- Nocturnes (made by John Field)
- Scherzo --- the character piece of Chopin
FRANZ LISZT
- most astounding Piano Virtuoso
- his influence in music was Nicolo Paganini
LOUIS MOREAU GOTTSCHALK
- was the American King of Pianists
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ORCHESTRAS
London Philharmonic -1826
New York Philharmonic - 1842
Vienna Philharmonic - 1842
New Instuments
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

English Horn
Bass Clarinet
Contrabassoon
Tuba
Clarinet was added to the orchestra
Valves added to trumpets and tuba

CONDUCTORS
LOUIS SPOHR (Ganyan spelling niyan ah)
- introduced in using the Baton
- First used it in the London Philharmonic Orchestra
- Later adopted by Carl Maria von Weber

ROBERT SCHUBERT
- Created the famous "UNFINISHED SYMPHONY" --- contained 2 movements only
HECTOR BERLIOZ
- was a famous Literary Composer
- He was attracted and obssessed with the Irish actress HARRIET SMITHSON and thu
s composed the famous SYMPHONIE FANTASTIQUE
- Codified TREATISE ON INSTRUMENTATION AND ORCHESTRA
- Composed the Requiem and the Deum
- Composed the hardest piece for Viola "HAROLD IN ITALY"
FELIX MENDELSSOHN
- Revived J.S. Bach by conducting ST. MATTHEW PASSION in the Berlin Singakademie
- he was a Classical Romantique
Composed Overtures without an Opera. These are:
-

Herbrides
Mid Summer Night's Dream
Wedding March
Elijah

----Composed 3 Piano Concertos

-and his famous CONCERTO IN E MINOR
ROBERT SCHUMANN
- Spring Symphony
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