ADAM 2.

Develop an SOP for monitoring well installation using hollow-stem auger

drilling methods. Include the hollow-stem auger drilling and lithologic logging
component, as well as a brief discussion of factors to consider when selecting a screen
interval.

Typical construction of shallow and deep monitoring wells (D.G, 2005).

The objective of this standard operating procedure (SOP) is to provide the methods to be
used for the installation and development of groundwater monitoring wells and to provide
standardized reporting formats for documentation of data. The purpose of a ground water
monitoring program is to learn enough about the pollution problems in order to design an
appropriate restoration program.
There are a large number of factors to be considered when designing a monitoring
program. An outline of relevant information to be evaluated is listed below.
1. Regional Hydrogeologic System: This involves identifying hydrogeologic units,
characterizing units with respect to hydraulic conductivity and type of media,
determining regional groundwater flow system, climate.
2. Characteristics of Waste and Potential Contaminants: Such as form (solid or
liquid), type (organic or inorganic), concentration, mobility and fate of
contaminants in the hydrogeologic system and the associated degree of hazard.
3. Site Characteristics: Such as geologic and geomorphic environment, recharge, soil
properties, fate of contaminants, depth to water of the unsaturated zone and
geometry, aquifer characteristics, flow directions, velocity, recharge and
discharge, background water quality, quantity of water, fate of contaminants of
the saturated zone.
Hollow stem auger uses continuous flight hollow stem auger with a bit on the bottom to
drill and maintain an open borehole. The continuous flight auger drives the drill cuttings
to the surface as drilling progresses. The walls of the auger minimize the amount of
unconsolidated materials entering into the space inside the casing. Intact soil samples are
collected by pounding a sampler ahead of the auger. Construct the monitoring wells to
be used for groundwater and/or soil gas monitoring within the hollow stem auger; and
Withdrawal/retract the augers as the well is complete.
During drilling, Lithologic Log geologic descriptions should be logged continuously
and directly from drilling returns. The lithologic log should be recorded by the Unified
Soil Classification System (ASTM, 2006) and must be used consistently for the site.
Particle name
Particle size
Clay
< 0.004 mm
Silt
0.004 0.06 mm
Sand (fine, medium, coarse) 0.06 2 mm
Gravel and pebbles
2 64 mm
Stones and boulders
> 64 mm
SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND DETERMINATION

Well screens and casing will typically be constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a type
of plastic, but may also be constructed of stainless steel or Teflon depending on
subsurface conditions or other project requirements. Well screens shall be permanently
joined to the well casing and shall be centered in the borehole The auger is removed
slightly ahead of backfilling as filter pack and grout are added. Careful recording of the
amount of each material used should always be recorded in the field logbook. Screen slot
type and size will be dependent on the sand pack material and the aquifer formation
material.
When an impermeable layer is drilled through, it is advised to seal/close again that whole
impermeable layer with bentonite chips that swell in the presents of water to create a seal.
Like wise, cement can be used as a substitute to be sure the layer is sealed properly.
Jack Optional---Monitoring wells are constructed of environmental quality threaded PVC
pipe, 52 millimetre ID Schedule 40, with a machine slotted 3.0 metres long or 1.0 to 1.5
metres long, 0.020 or 0.010 slot screen. A 3.0 metre screen would typically be used for
relatively shallow intervals. A 1.0 to 1.5 metre screen would typically be used for
relatively deeper intervals.
SOP- standard operating procedure
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2006. Standard Practices for
Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System). D
2487-06.
Developing Groundwater, Alan Mac Donald, Jeff Davies, Roger Calow, John Chilton,
ITDG publishing, United Kingdom, 2005