1.

The egg of Fasciolopsis buski is said to be undistinguishable to the egg of what other
trematode?
a. Schistosoma japonicum
b. Fasciola hepatica
c. Paragonimus westermani
d. Echinostoma Ilocanum
2. Which of the following serves as a second intermediate host for Fasciolopsis buski?
a. Pila luzonica
b. Trapa bicornis
c. Melania juncea
d. Nasturtium officinale
3. All of the following are characteristics of Fasciolopsis buski, except:
a. Testes arranged in tandem in posterior half of body
b. Vitellaria situated throughout the lateral margin of the body
c. With cephalic cone
d. Elongated, oval in shape
4. What is the infective stage of Fasciolopsis buski?
a. Embryonated egg
b. Miracidium
c. Cercaria
d. Metacercaria
5. Which of the following can prevent the transmission of Fasciolopsis buski?
a. Avoid soaking aquatic plants in water
b. Not using pig or human feces as fertilizers in agriculture
c. Boiling and filtering of water
d. All of the above
6. Which of the following is 20 to 75 mm in length, 8 to 20 mm in width, and has
unbranched intestinal ceca?
a. Schistosoma japonicum
b. Artyfechinostomum malayanum
c. Paragonimus westermani
d. Fasciolopsis buski

7. Which of the following is not a reason for the worldwide distribution of heterophyid fluke
infection?
a. Heterophyid have adapted to snails belonging to various families
b. Freshwater, brackish water and salt water fish can serve as their second intermediate host
c. Reservoir hosts such as dogs, cats, birds, etc. are additional sources of this infection
d. Freshwater, brackish water, salt water and marine mammals can serve as their second
intermediate host
8. How do you distinguish Heterophyid from Clonorchis and Opisthorcis eggs?
a. Clonorchis and Opisthorcis eggs are ovoid while Heterophyid eggs are peanut shaped
b. A fully developed miracidium is present in Heterophyid eggs but not in Clonorchis and
Opisthorcis
c. presence of prominent shoulder at the operculum of Clonorchis and Opisthorcis eggs
d. It is easy to distinguish based on their size
9. Which of the following is not a control and prevention technique from infection with
Heterophyid flukes?
a. Encouraging people to eat pickled and smoked fish instead of raw fish
b. Educating people on the dangers of eating raw fish
c. Treating reservoir hosts of Heterophyid
d. Sanitary disposal of human feces by construction of toilets and their proper use
10. What is the treatment for Heterophyid infection?
a. Albendazole 25mg/kg, 3 doses for one day
b. Pyrantel Pamoate 25mg/kg, 3 doses for one day
c. Praziquantel 25mg/kg, 3 doses for one day
d. Bithionol 25mg/kg, 3 doses for one day
11. Which is not true regarding Heterophyid infection?
a. It can be acquired via ingestion of fish harbouring infective larva
b. Autoinfection is common
c. It is underdiagnosed in the Philippines
d. Heterophyid adult worm inhabits the small intestine of humans
12. Which is the infective stage of Heterophyid flukes?
a. Eggs
b. Metacercaria
c. Sporocyst
d. Both A and B

13. Which is not a reason for the low prevalence of Heterophyid infection in the Philippines?
a. It is misdiagnosed as peptic ulcer disease
b. light infection easily missed because of low number of eggs in the feces
c. Its second intermediate host is not common in a tropical area like the Philippines
d. Local health units have insufficient capacity to diagnose and treat this infection
14) What is the reservoir host of echinostomids?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Birds
Pigs
Sheep
Fish eating mammal

15) How are echinostomids transmitted?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Inhalation
Ingestion of improperly cooked fish
Ingestion of raw snail
Skin penetration

16) What are the first and second intermediate hosts of echinostomids?
a)
b)
c)
d)

Rats and leafy vegetables

Snails
snails and rats
fish and crab

17) What factor greatly contributes to the endemicity of the disease?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Eating habits of the population

Climate
Geography
Age and Gender

18) What diagnostic method can be used for Echinostomids?

a)
b)
c)
d)

serological testing
biopsy
endoscopy
Detection of characteristic eggs in the stool

19) What are the infective stage of echinostomids?

a)
b)
c)
d)

filariform
cercaria
metacercaria
encysted larva

20) What are echinostomids?

a)
b)
c)
d)

Blood nematodes
Intestinal flukes
Lung flukes
Intestinal cestodes