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Since ancient times holistic healing, being practiced by Ayurveda Vaidyas was very close to
nature because naturally available herbs, minerals, metals and animal products are used in
the preparation of medicines. Milk, urine, horns, shells of many animals, feather of peacock,
are the common animal products which are in regular use. Among them the major
contributor is the cow. The milk and products made out of milk, urine, and cow-dung are
regularly used in preparation of medicines. Even though the indications and efficacy of
these products are time tested and explained in Ayurvedic classics, the modern medical
world needs research based proof to use them in therapeutics. Here is an effort to bring
some of such research based documentation to the perusal of medical fraternity.
Cow urine in Ayurveda
In Ayurveda, there are many medicines made from cow urine, milk, dung, ghee, curds. This
purifies, and clears all blocks in bodily channels (shroto-shodhaka). It enhances the
therapeutic actions of medicines taken along with it. It has been found to be very effective in
worm infestations, skin diseases, urticaria and allergic rashes, pain abdomen due to
indigestion, constipation, and ascitis, etc.
Cows urine is widely used in the Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals for enhancing the properties of
many drugs, by giving bhavana (repeated trituration). In shodhana (purification) of metals
used in therapeutics, cow urine was extensively used. Charaka, Sushruta and all other
ancient physicians have given prime importance to cows urine. In Ayurveda, the colour of
cow is also very important. Milk or urine of cow of particular has been mentioned for a
specific therapeutic use. Even though urine of many animals is used in preparing medicines,
cows urine has been found to be the best among all.
Research on Panchagavya
1. Chemical Composition of Cows Urine
Water 95%
Urea 2.5%
Minerals
Salts
2.5%
Hormones
Enzymes
Chemical Constituents of healthy cow urine

1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Urine volume
Specific gravity
pH
Urea nitrogen
Ammonia nitrogen
Total nitrogen
Allantoin
Calcium
Chloride
Coproporphyrin
Creatinine
Magnesium
Potassium
Sodium
Sulphate
Uric acid
17-45ml/kg/day
1.025-1.045
7.4-8.4
23-28ml/kg/day
1-1.7ml/kg/day
40.45ml/kg/day
20-60ml/kg/day
0.1-1.4ml/kg/day
0.1-1.1mmol/kg/day
5-14micogram/dl
15-20mg/kg/day
3.7mg/kg/day
0.08-0.15mmol/kg/day
0.2-1.1mmol/kg/day
3-5mg/kg/day
1-4mg/kg/day
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cow urine content
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Uroporphyrin
Leucocyte
Glucose
Protein
Haemoglobin
1.5-7.0mg/dl
<15micro It
Nil
Nil
Nil
In healthy cows urine protein, glucose and hemoglobin are not found.
1. Urea
antimicrobial Agent.
2. Uric acid
3. Nitrogen
4. Sulphur
5. Copper
6. Iron
7. Sodium
8. Potassium
9. Other Salts
10. Carbolic Acid
11. Ammonia
12. Sugar-Lactose
13. Vitamin A,B,C,D,E
14. Creatinine
15. Aurum hydroxide
(Swarna Kshar)
16. Enzyme-urokinase
blood
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
- Product of Protein metabolism. Strong

- Antimicrobial Activity helps to control infections.
- Diuretic, Stimulates Kidney.
- Purifies blood, increases intestinal peristalysis
- Controls fat deposition
- Production of RBC in blood.
- Purifies blood, checks hyperacidity.
- Appetizer, eliminates muscles Fatigue
- Antibacterial
- Antibacterial, prevents Gas Gangrenes
- helps to maintain Integrity of body tissue & blood.
- prevents thirst & Giddiness
- Prevent excessive thirst, infuse vigour and vitality
- Antibacterial
- Antibacterial, improves immunity, acts as antidote
- dissolves blood clot, improves heart disease,
circulation.
Colony Stimulating factor - Effective for cell division &
multiplication.
Erythropoietin stimulating factor - Production of RBCs.
Gonadotropin
- Promotes menstrual cycle, sperm production
Kallikrein
- Releases Kallidin which expands peripheral
veins and reduces blood pressure.
Allantoin
- Heals wounds & tumors
Anticancer substances - Prevents multiplication of carcinogenic cells
Phenols
- Bactericidal, antifungal.
Enzymes
Lactate-Dehydrogenase
Alkaline Phosphotase
Acid Phosphotase
Amylase
Vit-c
Vit-B1
Vit-B2
Protein
Uric Acid
Creatinine
Lactate
Phenol
Free volatile phenol
Compound volatile phenol
Aromatic hydroxy acid
Calcium
21.780 unit |lt

110.110 KA Unit
456.620 XA unit
90.236 unit
216.408mg|lt
444.125 microgram|lt
0.6339mg|lt
0.1037gm|lt
135.028mg|lt
0.9970 g|lt
3.7830 milimole|lt
4.7580mg|100ml
0.7130mg|100ml
1.3420mg|100ml
2.7030mg|100ml
5.735 milimol|lt
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Phosphorous
0.4805milimol|lt
Indications of Goumootra
Indigestion
Worm infestations
Diarrhoea
Cough & cold
Acidity
Toxicity
Epilepsy
Liver Disorder
Tumors
Eyes / Ear Problems
Diabetes
Sexual Disorder
Weakness
Skin Diseases
Hypertension
Wounds, Ulcers
Urinary Disorder
Pain
Tuberculosis
Heart Diseases
Fever
Obesity
Actions of Cow urine

Cow urine has laxative, carminative and digestive properties. It expels the Ama
(improperly digested, /toxic). One of the synonyms of disease in Ayurveda is Amaya. It has
been observed in Ayurveda clinics, when Arka is given as adjuvant with other medicines, it
enhances the efficacy of the drug.
Study of anti-diabetic property of cow urine in rats

Diabetes is a major public health problem. It is ranked fifth among the leading
causes of death. The study of anti-diabetic property of cow urine in Streptozotocin
induced diabetic rats was carried out in the present investigation
The present study was planned to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of urine from
Hallikar breed of cow, to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of cow urine.
Diabetes was induced in rats by intra-peritonial administration of Streptozotocin at
the dose rate of 45 mg/kg and 96 h after administration of Streptozotocin, the rats
with serum glucose concentrations above 200 mg/dl were taken for the study and
the effect of cow urine at 3 different doses viz., 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 ml/150 g
respectively were evaluated against this model in terms of estimation of certain
biomarkers of diabetes induced patho-biochemical complications and histopathological examination. The results obtained after treating the experimentally
induced diabetes in rats with cow urine by oral gavages are summarized.
The determination of body weights revealed a significant (P<0.001) and
consistent reduction in weight gain in the diabetic control group. Body weights of
the group treated with cow urine showed significant increase (P< 0.001) in the
body weight as compared to normal control. But compared with standard drug
Glibenclamide (group III), the treatment group (IV, V and VI) showed significantly
lower body weight (P<0.001) on Day 28.
The estimation of blood glucose in all the groups, except normal control (Group I)
revealed a significant increase (P<0.001) in blood glucose concentrations 96 h
after Streptozotocin administration (Day 1). Cow urine treatment groups (group
IV, V and VI) showed significant decrease (P< 0.01 or P<0.001) in serum glucose
concentration and the decline started from the Day 7 itself.
After induction of diabetes, a significant increase (P<0.001) in serum cholesterol
concentration was observed cholesterol concentration of the group treated with
cow urine showed significant decrease (P<0.001) as compared to diabetic
control. Administration of Glibenclamide showed significant reduction (P<0.01 or
P<0.001) in the cholesterol.
But compared with standard drug, Glibenclamide (group III) the treatment group,
(IV, V and VI) showed significant increase (P<0.05 or P<0.01 or P< 0.001) in total
cholesterol concentration on Day 28.
There was a significant increase (P<0.001) in serum triglycerides concentration in
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diabetic animals over control group. Administration of Glibenclamide reduced

triglycerides concentrations over diabetic control group. In the cow urine treated
group concentrations were decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.001)
throughout the duration of study.
The BUN concentrations of Glibenclamide treated group and cow urine treated
group revealed a significant decrease (P<0.001) at the end of experiment. But
compared with group III, the treatment group VI showed significant increase
(P<0.01) in blood urea nitrogen concentration on Day 28.
The creatinine concentrations of cow urine treated groups showed a significant
decrease (P<0.05 or P<0.001) when compared to the diabetic control. Compared
with Glibenclamide (group III) the treatment group (IV, V and VI) showed
significant increase (P<0.001) in serum creatinine concentration on Day 28.
Cow urine treatment groups (group IV, V and VI) showed significant increase
(P<0.001) in serum insulin concentration. Administration of Glibenclamide
increased serum insulin concentrations over diabetic control group. Compared
with standard drug Glibenclamide (group III) the treatment group (IV, V and VI)
showed significant decrease (P<0.001) in serum insulin concentration on Day 28.
The clinical examination of rats following induction of diabetes revealed the
dullness, depression and general loss of concentration in the diabetic controls.
The groups treated with cow urine and Glibenclamide showed greater
improvement.
The histopathology of the liver revealed severe congestion, hemorrhages,
swollen hepatocytes in the diabetic control group whereas in the treatment
groups there was a very mild congestion.
The histopathological examination of the pancreas showed a destruction of
-cells and necrosis in the diabetic control group. In the treatment groups there
was a regeneration of -cells.
The various parameters studied revealed that cow urine has the anti-diabetic
property but compared with standard oral hypoglycemic drug Glibenclamide, cow
urine has less effect. However, further research is needed to identify the active
component or molecule which was responsible for anti-diabetic property of cow
urine.
Research Papers
1) Cows Urine as an Antimicrobial Agent

Kumari Namrata Y. Mahurker, Dessertation for MSc Microbiology 2006,
Shri Shivaji Education Society/ Amravtis Science College, Nagpur.
- Gram Negative, Gram Positive bacteria, Fungi were significantly inhibited
by concentrated cows urine.
Some of the constituents of urine which is related for microcidal properties
Halogenated Phenol
2 Phenyl Phenol
Antiviral
Carbolic acid, Manganese
Aurum Oxide
--
Antifungal.
Antimicrobial,
Antibacterial, Pesticide
Antimicrobial, Antitoxic.
2. Antigenotoxic / Ameliorative effect of Ark in human polymorphonuclear

leukocytes.
Dr. Datta, S. Saravana Devi, K. Krishnamurthi, T.Chakravarthi, National
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Environmental Engineering Research, Institute , Nagpur.

The Arka and Redistilled arka is found to possess total antioxidant status of
around 2.6mmol contributed mainly by volatile fatty acids (1500mg|litre).
These fatty acids and other antioxidants might be responsible for the
observed ameliorative effect. The chromosomal aberration caused by
chemicals could be ameliorated by redistilled Ark (1,50,100ul)Antioxidant
status in distillates-0.8mmol.Redistillate-2.6mmol. (ammonicalnitrogen
15mg|litre.)
3) Effect of Cow Urine on Wounds.
A.K. Maheshwari, A.K.Gupta, AK Das, College of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, G.B.Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar.
263145.
Cow Urine is having antiseptic properties. The urine implicated Wounds
were found less infected and healing time is also less when compared to
antiseptic cream. Administration of fresh urine orally has added effect on
wound healing due to
immunological properties.
4. - Effect of cows urine on health.
Dr. Amita Gupta- College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandary .
Mathura.
Paper presented for MVSc in 2003.
5. -Effect of Malanad Gidda Cows Urine
BSc Microbiology Project Report 2005-2006, SRN Shetty memorial
College. Shimoga.
Malanad Gidda cows urine is having antifungal activity. The metabolites of
fungus during this process, is antimicrobial also. That is to say urine exerts
direct action on fungus and indirectly on bacterias also
6. - Effect of Arka in various diseases.
Chandrashekhar Kundle, Bharat chauragade, Ajith Rawal. Nagpur.
Paper presented in World Ayurveda Congress-2002. Physical and Chemical
composition of Urine and Arka and its effects on human beings is detailed.
7. - Prevention of Pathogenic Free Radicals through Cow Urine.
A.K. Singh, P.K. Singh, L.K. Singhal, D.K.Agarwal. College of Veterinary and
Animal Science Pantnagar. IVRI Izatnagar.
Free radicals are molecules, which have lost electron. These free radicals
attack the nearest stable molecule and steal the electron. This is a chain
reaction of destruction. They can attack enzymes, fat, proteins, etc and
causes DNA to mutate.
The Oxygen Free radicals (Reactive oxygen species) are produced due to Phagocytes, Mitochondria function, Inflammation,
- Heavy Exercise, Cigarettes, Smoking, Pollution, radiation, Chemicals,
Drugs, Altered Ozone level, Moulds, Burned Meat.
They cause mutation of cells. This in turn may predispose for
- Parkinsons Disease, Alzheimers Disease, Cancer,
- Sclerosis, Stroke, Stress, Fibrosis, Cataract, Macular
- Degeneration, Aging.
Cow urine prevents the free radicals formation.
8. - Study of skin of Indigenous cows, Cross Bred cows and
Exotic cows
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Dr. Govindayya , Deam.Veterinary college Shimoga. MVSc theses
- 1974.
The Sebaceous glands of Desi cows are bigger in size, shape and are in larger
number.
So that they produce more sebum.
9. - Effect of Arka on chromosomal aberration.
Dipanwita Datta. Submitted for MSc in Environment Science Indira Gandhi
Academy of Environmental Education Research. Jiwji univercity . Gwaliar.
(U.P)
The Arka could protect mitomyncin C induced chromosomal aberration. The
Arka has Volatile acids about 39mg/ltrs. These Volatile Acids are Antioxidants,
which show the ameliorating effect on DNA and protect DNA damage.
10. - Stage IV Oropharyngeal Carcinoma undergoes complete
Regression due to Amrutasara cow urine therapy.
Dr Satyashanker Varamudi .Kasaragod
11. - Anti Cancer properties of cow Urine (gou-mootra):
K Darma ,R S Chauhan, L Singhal. IVRI Izatnagar.
The cow Urine Therapy has shown potent Anti Cancer properties. The
following properties are responsible for Anti Cancer property of Gou-mootra
DNA repairing potential

Cow urine efficiently repairs the damaged DNA. Damage of DNA by
chemicals is the major cause for Cancer. This property reduces the spread
of malignant cancers and helps fighting tumor.
Apoptosis inhibition
Lymphocytes undergo suicidal tendency due to chemicals.
Lymphocytes are major cells, which fight against cancer cells. Cow urine
reduces apoptosis of Lymphocytes.
Antioxidant Property
The volatile fatty acids show antioxidant properties which controls damage in
DNA.
Antimicrobial Activity
Many viruses are causing cancer. These microbes are killed by cow urine.
Bioenhancing Property
Bio-enhancers are substances which promote and augment the bioactivity or
bio-availabilty or uptake of drugs. This will reduce the dosage & duration of
antibiotic therepy and anticancer drugs like Taxol. Taxol is used in MCF-7
(breast cancer cells)
Free radical scavenger
The free radicals cause cell damage thereby inducing tumour cell growth or
causes aging. Cow urine scavenges free radicals.
Immuno-modulating activity
Cow Urine has vital potential to enhance the activity of macrophages.
Lymphocytes (both T & B cells) humoral cellular immunity, cytokines
(Interleukin 1 & 2)
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12. Increase of Immunity through Cows Urine

(Various Parameters)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
B cell blastogenesis
T cell blastogenesis
Serum IgG level
Serum IgM level
Serum IgA level
Macrophage function
DTH reaction
Interlukin 1 level
Interlukin 2 level
-59.5%
-64.0%
-19.8%
-19.0%
-0.53%
-104.0%
-126.0%
-30.9%
-11.0%
On the basis of chemical fingerprinting of Urine of different animals like

Indigenous, cross bred, exotic, buffaloe, it is shown that Indigenous cows
urine is highly effective whereas it is almost nil in cross bred, exotic cows
and buffaloes. The special constituent in Desicows urine is Rasayan
Tatwa which is responsible for immune system and bioenhancer property.
13. Method of distinguishing Human & Bovine Milk samples based on
soluble Phosphate content->
Sangeeta Mehta, C.S.Nautiyal
Sahiwal cows milk is closer to human mothers milk because of its
significantly lower soluble phosphate level when compared to H.F or
Buffaloe.
14. Evaluation of Sedative and anticonvulsant activity of Unmada Nashak
Ghrita.
Girish S. Achilya, Sudhir Wadekar, A.K. Dorle. Nagpur University. Nagpur.
Paper presented in 9/10/2003.
Unmada Nashak Ghrita is a Ayurvedic formulation containing Ferula
narthex, Gardenia gummifera, Ellataria cardamom, Bacopa monneri, Cows
ghee(76%) Unmada Nashak Ghrita has CNS depressant and
anticonvulsant activity.
15. Effect of cow urine fertilizer on quality of grass growth.
Aoyagi Noojiro et- at Gumma Ken Nogyo, Skikenjo Hokokku 1974.
The application of Urine resulted in a marked increase of grass growth and
this did not affect soil quality.
16. The Urine of Sacred cows.
G. Paul Moore. 7.2.2006. Suny Upstate Medical University Otolaryngology
& Communication Science. Syracuse. New York.I recall doing research about 25 years ago. I came across a recipe / potion
that had reportedly been used in India many years before, for the
treatment of Laryngitis. Among other ingredients it contained the urine of
sacred cows. This seems to be quite potent ingredient that, to this day, is
used for medicinal purposes in the treatment of anything from stomach
ailment to cancer. It can be mixed with herbs or taken straight. And I also
learned that it is imported from India for use as a bio-pesticide. A good
friend of mine said, Everything old is new again.
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17. Bioactivities of Cow Urine and Arka in agriculture.

Central Institute of Medical & Aromatic Plants. Lucknow 226015.
Addition of cows urine in composting pits led to production of superior
quality vermin-compost with higher concentrations of major macro and
micro nutrients. Such Vermi-compost was found to be superior in terms of
useful microflora (fungi, bacteria, actinomycosis).
18. Development of Cow Urine based disinfectant 13.11.2005
S.A.Mandavgane, A.K.Rambhal, N.K.Mude. Priyadrshini Institute of
Engineering Technology Nagpur-440019
Herbal disinfectant
Cow urine
25ml
Neem extract
37.5ml
Tulsi extract
37.5ml
Ritha extract
20ml
Pine oil
10ml
This product is added to 1 liter of water. This can be used on any surface
like walls, floors, tiles, bathrooms, and toilets. The cow urine has natural
disinfectant and antiseptic qualities. The main constituent of cow urine that
shows disinfectant activity is carbolic acid, which is a mixture of Phenol and
Cresol.
19. -Cow Urine has Anti Leishmania effect
Sarman Singh, All India Institure of Medical Sciences- New Delhi.
Leishmaniasis(Kala azar) is a highly endemic disease in Indian Sub
continent. The cow urine shows strong growth inhibitory action where as
human urine found growth stimulator.
20. - Comparision of Mineral Profile in Urine of Cross bred, Sahiwal and
Non-descript cow
GS Parihar, MKS Rajput, AK Upadhyay, M.Kumar, College of veterinary
Animal Science. Pantnagar.
Concentration of some mineral like Zinc, Iron, Magnesium, Potassium, and
Calcium were compared in the urine. Non descript cows showed maximum
concentration of Zinc, Potassium, Calcium, but Iron is lowest. Cross-bred
cattle showed minimum concentration of Zinc, Potassium, Calcium, but Iron
is highest. Sahiwal cows showed average concentrations.
This is to say that the concentration of minerals in urine of different breeds
differs.
21. - Effect of Panchagavya on E. coli in procured Milk.
A.Subramaniam, MD CDCMPU. Pachapalayan, Coimbatore.
Panchagavya - Urine, Dung, Milk, Curds, Ghee and Sugarcane juice, Tender
coconut water and Bananas mixed and kept for 21days.The result throws
more light on the mechanic of selective destruction of E.coli in procured milk.
22. - Conjugated Lineolic acid anti cancer compound in milk.

Dale Bauman. Professor of Animal Science.Cornell Reasearch Farm
Dryden.
Conjugated Lineolic acid suppresses carcinogens and inhibits colon|
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prostate | ovary | breast cancers and leukemia. CLA even in extremely low
concentrations (0.05/=) in milk inhibits carcinogens.
23. - Effect of Cow Urine on Biochemical Parameters of white leghorn
layers.
Nidhi Garg, Ashok Kumar, R.S.Chauhan, College of Veterinary & Animal
Sciences. Pantnagar. IVRI Izatnagar.
Cow Urine was given to the treated group at 1ml per bird.
Serum Protein
Serum Glucose
Serum Calcium
Serum cholesterol
14.71% increase
37.81% increase
28.85% increase
30.26% increase
24. - Effect of cow urine an Lymphocyte Proliferation in developing stages

of chicks.
P.Kumar, G.K. Singh, R.S.Chauhan, P.P.Singh,
College of Veterinary and Animal Sceince. Pantnagar, IVRI Izatnagar.
Distilled cow urine at 10ml|litre of drinking water was given to the chicks
from age 0 to 28 days. T-cell and B-cell blastogenesis assay was
performed.
Lymphocyte proliferation assay shows that there is T and B cells become
functional with increasing efficacy from day of hatch.
25. - Effect of cow Urine on the Production & quality Traits of Eggs.
Nidhi Garg, A.Kumar, R.S. Chauhan, L.K. Signhal, M.Lohani. IVRI
Izatnagar.
There is significant increase in egg production egg weight, shape index,
albumin length, albumin index, yolk index, and shell thick-ness, shell
weight. This can be used as feed additive to get good quality eggs.
26. - Cows urine concoction:A Traditional Herbal preparation commonly administered to convulsing
children in Yoruba speaking people of Nigeria.
Paper presented in
University of Ife Ife. Nigeria.
27. - A study of the effect of Ashta Mangal Ghrit on Intelligence.
C V Gore. A K Dorle, Department of Psychology. Nagpur Univercity.
Govigyan Anusandham Kendra Nagpur.
4 gms of Ashtamangal Ghrit was given every day for 4 months to the
students. Academic performance and Intelligence test was performed. The
result showed favorable effect on the intelligence of students.
PATENTS
1. June 22,2002
6410059
Pharmaceutical composition containing cow urine distillate and Antibiotics.
Khanuja et al. CSIR.
2. May 24, 2005
6896907
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Use of bioactive factor from cow urine distillate as bio-enhancer of

anti-infective,anticancer agents. et al. CSIR.
3. Nov.13-2003
Chandrashekhar Nautiyal et.al
0211119 AI 2003
Synergistic bio-inoculants composition comprising Bacterial Strains in Milk of

Sahiwal cow and method of producing said composition.
4. Dec. 9 2004
Chandrashekhar Nautiyal et.al.
0248738 AI 2004
Synergistic fermented plant growth promoting bio-control composition

produced from cows urine, neem, and garlic.
28. Agnihotra effect on air borne microorganisms.
Archana, Divya, Shalini,Suma.
BSc Microbiology Project Report. SRN Shetty memorial college Shimoga
- The use of cow dung cake and cows pure ghee releases Formaldehyde,
Ethylene oxide, Propylene Oxide, B-propiolactone, acetylene. These
gases are eco-friendly and they purifies air.
There was 100% reduction in fungal count and 94% reduction in bacterial
count. The Agnihotra ash can be used in seed treatment, soil treatment
and human medicines also.
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Incredible Indian Cow
India since ancient time is known for dairying. Farmers maintained cows for their
agricultural purpose like ploughing, transportation manure and pest repellents.
After Independence, Indian Government took a wrong project by introducing
foreign breeds with the intention to increase milk yield. In the course of time we
may have achieved self sufficiency in milk production, but in the process, we lost
the quality and purity of milk. With this the importance of Indigenous cattle breeds
started losing ground. Economy of modern dairying is totally on milk, which is not
at all suggested for poor farmers. This policy wont stand for a long period. Cow
based agriculture and economy is the permanent one. To achieve this,
Indigenous cows are the only answer.
The present mania of promoting exotic breed should be stopped and we should
look back what has happened to our agriculture.
Every farmer, Goushala, should think twice and should save our Goumatha from
extinction.
In this view some of salient features of Indigenous cows are discussed here.
Maintenance:
Indigenous cows (Bos indicus) can be maintained very easily any where even
under the tree. Some of the small breeds require almost zero budgets. Malenadu
Gidda, Vechur, Kasaragod, Baragur etc breeds can be maintained with kitchen
waste. They go out for grazing in the day and only milking cows comes to the
shed. Locally available food / veterinary aid, low cost shed etc are provided to
these cattles.
For exotic breeds, we require modern facilities, almost a hospital atmosphere. A
poor farmer cannot provide a high-tech living to the cows. Since these are
developed only for milk and meat, they lost their many natural characters like
bellowing, affectionate etc.
Skin:Skin is the major organ which helps in thermo regulation, water balance and
protection. Indian climatic condition is so diverse that exotic breeds cannot adjust
to these variations.
Some of the special characters of Indigenous cows
Skin area per cow is more hump, dewlap, long ears, loose skin helps to
increase the skin area. This helps in more sweating and better
Thermo-regulation.
Sebaceous Glands are more in number, bigger in size and shape.
This facilitates for increased sweat quantity.
These glands secrete oily liquid which coats on the skin and gives a
different smell. This oil secretion protects the body from rain and
ectoparasites.
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Muscular layer under the skin is so special that it twitches locally when a
fly bites. Due to this twitching the fly runs away.
Small hairs keep skin clean and shiny.
These are the reasons why the Indigenous bullocks can work in soaring
sun or cows grazing in rainy forest areas with ease.
But in Bos taurus, the skin is having less sebaceous gland, more hairs, and
are developed in cold condition. Bullocks are lethargic.
Tail: The length of tail and switches are long. The first bone in the series of
tailbone is rudimentary so that it facilitates the tail to turn all around and can keep
away the flies. The long tail can reach to far extent of the body. In India the flies
are more when compared to European countries. To protect from these flies, this
anatomical specialty is helpful.
Hooves: The hooves are hard, small and placed closely. This makes the bullocks
to work in the field with ease. The soft hooves of Exotic cows are always prone
for fungal infections.
Chromosomes: The total number of chromosomes in Bos indicus and Bos
taurus are same. The difference between the Y sex chromosome is significant. In
Bos indicus it is acrocentric and in Bos taurus it is Metacentric. The mixing of
these breed causes mismatching in Y chromosomes. This phenomenon is
mainly seen in 2nd or 3rd generation. This mismatching is reflected by infertility in
cows. This is the reason behind the major fertility problems in cross breed cows.
Disease Resistance: Unparallel disease resistance ability of Indigenous cows
makes them easily maintainable and results in low input, low cost dairying. All the
foreign countries imported these cows mainly for this purpose. Since the diseases
are less, medicines required are less so that the cow milk is always of higher
medical value. For the general diseases the locally available medicines and
technology is more than sufficient. Since this power is by inheritance, the value
doesnt alter much, whether it is stall-fed or let out for grazing.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR): The activity inside the body cells is gauged as
Basal Metabolic Rate
In Bos indicus, BMR is very low. That is why low quality food in minimum quantity
will make the cow carrying on. When good food is available the body condition
comes to normal. If the cows go down in a draught condition, this can retrieve by
good food.
In Bos taurus, the BMR is high. Best quality food in optimum quantity should be
supplied throughout the life. When this is broken, the body condition goes down
and never comes to normal. Milk yield and fertility goes down permanently.
Working ability: Indigenous bullocks have strong long bones, strong
musculature. They possess good heat adopt ability and water holding capacity.
They can work for long hours for ploughing in the field and can pull the cart for
long distances, without food and water. The hump gives extra support so that the
cross bars of bullock cart does not slips back. Bulls are prized more than the
cows. Most of the Indigenous cows are maintained mainly for working purpose.
The male calves are given full milk ration
Bos taurus bullocks cannot work in summer, and are lethargic. They are not
suitable for agricultural or transportation purpose. In general the cross breed male
calves are always facing to slaughter house.
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Milk yield: In India, we have very good milking cows which are giving more than
15-20litres per day. Gir, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Rathi, Sindhi are the champion milk
breeds. By systematic maintenance and breeding policy, many breeds can be
upgraded in milk yield property. Everyone should be cautious regarding quality of
milk rather than quantity.
Comparison between 1 litre of good, medicinally valued creamy milk

of Indigenous cow to the 10 litres of white watery milk of exotic cow
is left to you!
If the prime importance was given to Indigenous milk breeds during white
revolution era, the picture would have been different.
According to true cow based economy, dung and urine are the major source of
economy; next comes bullock energy followed by the milk. But due to over
importance to milk in these days, the Indigenous breeds are facing extinction.
Panchagavya :Milk, curds, ghee urine, dung when mixed is called Panchagavya.
All mixed or some times alone are the best naturally available medicine. This
increases resistant power, rejuvenates the cells, can control cancer, and reduce
dosage of antibiotics. This can cure many diseases. This is very good pest
repellent also. Cow provides manure and makes the soil rich with fertile. Dung
can resist harmful radiations. This contains earth friendly microbes, which is
essential for agriculture. In Ayurveda most medicines are made from
Panchagavya.
All these medicinal properties are seen only in Indigenous cows.
Do you know about A1 and A2 milk?

This is the latest modern scientific research topic, on cow's milk. It has been brought out in
to open by New Zealand researchers. For a long time medical experts have been aware
of link of dairy milk with increasing incidence of Autism and Type-1 Diabetes in children.
New Zealand happens to be world's largest dairy milk exporting country. 40% of NZ foreign
trade depends on milk exports. Naturally the NZ Dairy Industry were very concerned about
possible repercussions as loss of milk exports, due to medical experts advising people to
stop consuming milk.
Fonterra the largest Dairy interest in NZ initiated a research project, and were shocked to
learn that their entire dairy milk supply was indeed a cause for concern.
It was found that a chemical substance designated as Beta Caso Morphine 7 (BCM7)
separates out during digestion of dairy milk. BCM7 being a member of morphine family was
found to be a very highly oxidizing agent, which caused brain damage in some children
leading to Autism, and Diabetes 1 . In case of adults with leaky guts BCM7 from dairy milk
has been associated with all the modern diseases such as Alzheimer, Cancer, Diabetes,
Heart trouble etc.
More research established that BCM7 is found only in milk designated as A1 milk. A1 milk is
produced by some cows of Bos taurus the European breeds or their cross bred cows. The
milk of Bos indicus the Indian African cows and some European breeds like Jersey,
Guernsey are designated as A2 milk and is found to be free of BCM7.
A2 milk is now being sold across the counter in NZ, Australia, Japan, and Korea and in
USA. This is safe and the only milk desirable for human consumption.
Now there is scientific evidence of the fact that the original cows which emerged on earth
came from India, the Bos Indicus- Indian breeds of cows. During the process of migration of
these cows to the colder regions about 8000 years ago, due to mutation the DNA of the
Indian Breeds of cows got changed in to European Breeds-
Bos taurus. Bos taurus has a damaged DNA, which results in A1 milk
causing health problems in society.
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New Zealand farmers have stopped Cross Breeding of A2 milk producing

cows with A1 milk producing European breeds of cows.
A very detailed account of this subject can be found on the internet and in
the recently published book' The Devil in the Milk' by Prof. Keith Woodford,
published by Craig Potten of New Zealand.
A group of very eminent Indian scientists have volunteered to take up
research work in India which will ultimately be able to stop indiscriminate
cross breeding of Indian cows, and promote the pure milk of the Indian
breeds of cows.
Posted by - at 9:29 PM
4 comments:
preethi pheronis January 4, 2014 at 9:46 PM
it useful
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mrityunjay bhardwaj February 11, 2014 at 2:59 AM

9 1 1=> 1
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Sanjaykumar Vasoya May 12, 2014 at 6:18 AM

www.agribioworld.blogspot.com
9 1 1=> 1
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Mahindra choudhary August 9, 2014 at 11:45 AM

gomata ki jai..................................................................
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