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Copyright
2003 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the
prior written consent of Adaptec, Inc., 691 South Milpitas Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035.
Trademarks
Adaptec, Adaptec Storage Manager, HostRAID, and the Adaptec logo are
trademarks of Adaptec, Inc., which may be registered in some jurisdictions.
Windows 2000 and Windows XP are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the US
and other countries, used under license.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Changes
The material in this document is for information only and is subject to change
without notice. While reasonable efforts have been made in the preparation of this
document to assure its accuracy, Adaptec, Inc. assumes no liability resulting from
errors or omissions in this document, or from the use of the information contained
herein.
Adaptec reserves the right to make changes in the product design without
reservation and without notification to its users.
Disclaimer
IF THIS PRODUCT DIRECTS YOU TO COPY MATERIALS, YOU MUST HAVE
PERMISSION FROM THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OF THE MATERIALS TO AVOID
VIOLATING THE LAW WHICH COULD RESULT IN DAMAGES OR OTHER
REMEDIES.
ii
Before contacting Technical Support, you need your unique 12-digit TSID
number. The TSID number identifies your product and support status.
The TSID number is included on two white, bar-coded labels, like the example
below.
If you register by mail, affix one copy of the TSID label to the registration card,
which may be contained on the CD. Also affix a copy of the TSID label to the CD
jacket so that you dont lose it.
Support Options
For support via Email, submit your question to Adaptecs Technical Support
Specialists at ask.adaptec.com.
North America
iii
Europe
Japan
iv
AAR-1210SA
Tested to Comply
With FCC Standards
In addition, all equipment requiring U.L. listing has been found to comply with EMC
Directive 73/23/EEC as amended by 93/68/EEC in accordance with EN60950 with
amendments A1, A2, A3, A4, A11.
vi
Contents
1
Introduction
Read this First 1-1
System Requirements 1-2
Operating System Compatibility 1-2
Storage Requirements 1-2
Motherboard Compatibility 1-2
Device Compatibility 1-2
Kit Contents 1-3
Adaptec 1210SA Controller 1-3
About the Documentation 1-4
Installing the Adobe Acrobat Reader 1-4
Controller Features 1-5
Overview of the Installation Process 1-5
Storage Management Software Overview 1-6
Safety Information 1-7
Notes and Cautions 1-7
Electrostatic Discharge 1-7
2-3
vii
Contents
Contents
BIOS Utilities
What is ARC? A-1
Using the ACU A-2
Managing Arrays A-2
Creating Arrays A-4
Initializing Disk Drives A-6
Using SATASelect A-7
Starting and Exiting SATASelect A-7
Using the SATASelect Menus A-7
Using the CCU A-8
Using the SATA Configuration Utility A-9
Using the Disk Utilities A-10
B-2
B-2
Specifications
Glossary
ix
1
Introduction
In this Chapter...
1-1
System Requirements
1-2
Kit Contents
1-3
1-4
Controller Features
1-5
1-5
1-6
Safety Information
1-7
1-1
Introduction
System Requirements
The following system requirements are presented:
Motherboard compatibility.
Linux
Storage Requirements
Device drivers and storage management software require
approximately 20 MB of disk space.
Motherboard Compatibility
The controller can be installed in a universal PCI slot and requires a
motherboard and BIOS that:
Device Compatibility
The Adaptec 1210SA supports up to two Serial ATA hard drives
only, using two Serial ATA cables supplied in this kit.
1-2
Introduction
Kit Contents
Your Adaptec controller kit includes:
Installation CD
Low-profile bracket
Warranty card
1-3
Introduction
1-4
Introduction
Controller Features
The Adaptec 1210SA supports the following features:
PCI Local Bus Specification, Revision 2.2 with PCI clock speeds
up to 66 MHz.
1-5
Introduction
1-6
Introduction
Safety Information
To ensure you personal safety, as well as the safety of you equipment:
Keep your work area and the computer clean and clear of debris.
Electrostatic Discharge
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a natural by-product of human
activity. ESD is produced by materials that accumulate and retain
electrical charges which are transferred to people or other objects
upon contact.
Use an ESD wrist or ankle strap and ensure that it makes skin
contact. Connect the equipment end of the strap to an
unpainted metal surface on the chassis. If a wrist strap is not
available, ground yourself by touching the metal chassis before
handling the controller or any other part of the computer.
1-7
Introduction
1-8
2
Installing the Controller
In this Chapter...
Overview
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-3
Overview
To install the controller and drives, all you need is one or two of
each the following:
The cable ends are identical, so you dont need to worry about
which end to attach to the controller and which to the drive.
2-1
5 Install the controller in the PCI slot and secure the controller
bracket to the host system cabinet.
6 If you have not already installed your Serial ATA hard drives,
do so now.
7 Use the cables supplied with your kit to connect your controller
to the Serial ATA hard drives.
The connectors at each end of a cable are the identical; therefore,
it does not matter which end you connect to your controller or
hard drive. Also, the connectors are keyed so that they only fit
the connector in one direction. Do not try to force a cable on to
the controller or a drive. If the connector does not slide on
easily, try reversing it.
8 Close the computer cabinet and re-attach the power cord.
2-2
2-3
3
Installing the Driver
This chapter describes installing the driver and setting up the new
array for the drives attached to your controller. Before you get
started, you need to select from the following scenarios for
installing the controller driver on Windows or Linux systems:
3-1
3-2
8 Select the drives for the new array and press Insert.
Note: If your drives are shown in gray and cannot be used,
they probably need to be initialized. See Initializing Disk
Drives on page A-6 for details.
9 Press Enter when both drives for the new array are selected.
The Array Properties menu is displayed.
10 In the Array Properties menu, select an array type and press
Enter. The available selections are RAID 0 and RAID 1. Each of
these array types requires two drives. (For a description of these
array types, see Appendix B.)
Note: Once the array is created and its properties are
assigned, you cannot change the array properties using
the ACU. Instead, use Adaptec Storage Manager - Browser
Edition.
11 OptionalType in a label for the array and press Enter.
12 RAID 0 onlySelect the desired stripe size. Available stripe
sizes are 16, 32, and 64 KB (default).
Note: Adaptec recommends that you do not change the
default.
13 Select between the different creation methods for RAID 0 or
RAID 1. (For more details about the creation methods, see
Appendix A.)
RAID 0Select No Init (default), or Migrate
RAID 1Select Build (default), Clear, or Quick Init
14 When the array is finished building, insert the Windows setup
CD. Then, restart the system.
3-3
3-4
3-5
Caution: Do not turn off the computer during the build. If you
do, your drives may become unusable.
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
4
Installing Adaptec Storage
Manager Browser Edition
In this Chapter...
Overview
4-1
Supported Browsers
4-2
4-2
4-3
4-7
Overview
This chapter discusses the installation procedure for installing
Adaptec Storage Manager Browser Edition to enable remote and
local management of arrays. For instructions on using this
application, see Chapter 5.
4-1
Supported Browsers
To run Adaptec Storage Manager Browser Edition, your
computer must have a Web browser supporting JavaScript and
cookies only. The following versions are supported:
On Windows
Internet Explorer (IE) 5.0 or later
Netscape 7 or later
On Linux
Adaptec-supplied and installed version of Mozilla
Netscape 7 or later
When using Adaptec Storage Manager, you need to log on to your
system with administrator privileges.
4-2
4-3
4-4
JavaScript
Active Scripting
If you are using a proxy server to access the Internet, you must
bypass the proxy server to access the Adaptec Storage Manager
Web server. To verify whether you are using a proxy server:
1 From Internet Option window, click the Connections tab.
2 Click LAN Settings.
4-5
4-6
4-7
9 Click OK.
The Shell window you used to launch the installation indicates
that some daemons are being started.
The installation creates a shortcut to Adaptec Storage Manager
in the System tab. This shortcut launches Adaptec Storage
Manager using Mozilla.
Unless the controller driver was installed as part of this
installation, you do not need to restart your computer.
10 Remove the Adaptec installation CD.
Your computer must have a Web browser supporting JavaScript
and cookies. To use Adaptec Storage Manager, you need to log on
to your computer with root privileges.
4-8
5
Using Adaptec Storage Manager
Browser Edition
In this Chapter...
Overview
5-2
Architecture Overview
5-3
Logging In
5-4
5-6
5-6
The Basics
5-7
Creating an Array
5-11
Deleting Arrays
5-15
Modifying Arrays
5-15
5-16
Viewing Events
5-17
Getting Help
5-19
5-19
5-24
5-1
Overview
This chapter describes how to use Adaptec Storage Manager
Browser Edition to manage arrays. Once you are logged in, you
will find convenient online help to guide you through the details of
creating, configuring, and managing arrays.
Note: Your controller may not support all of the features
described. In most cases if a feature is not supported by your
controller the feature does not appear in the interface.
With Adaptec Storage Manager, you can:
5-2
Architecture Overview
Adaptec Storage Manager Browser Edition consists of the three
major components:
5-3
Logging In
To login:
1 Start Adaptec Storage Manager Browser Edition.
5-4
5-5
5-6
The Basics
An example of a typical Adaptec Storage Manager Browser
Edition screen is shown below.
5-7
Physical Devices
The Physical Devices view displays information about the drives
and enclosures attached to the Adaptec RAID controller. The
devices are shown organized by the channel or port that they are
connected to and shown in numerical order.
The display for each channel includes information on maximum
speed capability, the number of the channel on the controller, and
the number of devices found (excluding the SCSI controller).
Selecting a channel or device will turn the Events, Properties, and
Tasks buttons amber. This indicates that clicking any of these
buttons will display an additional window with information and
options specific to that device or channel.
At the top of the Physical Devices view, grouped to the right of
View, are three view selection buttons. These buttons select the
physical devices connected to this controller are displayed.
5-8
5-9
Logical Devices
As described earlier, when Adaptec Storage Manager loads, the
Logical Devices view is expanded and you can see the arrays
present on the controller.
At the top of this view are the following buttons: Create, Modify,
and Delete. Each button opens a wizard for the corresponding
function.
Modify allows you to:
Expand an array
5-10
The main area of the Logical Devices view is used to display the
arrays on this controller. It defaults to a condensed view of toplevel arrays.
Note: The Options button allows you to display second-level
arrays if your controller supports them.
In this condensed view, the RAID level of each device as well as
whether it is protected by a hot spare, is visible.
If a global hot spare exists, all arrays that the hot spare is large
enough to protect will show as protected.
In the expanded view, the icons for the arrays are arranged
vertically and alongside them are the capacity, name, and type of
array.
Selecting an array by clicking on it will highlight the following in
amber:
All the drives or segments that form the array in the Physical
Devices view.
Creating an Array
Before you create an array, make sure that you understand the
different types of arrays supported by your controller, as described
in Appendix B, and the type of arrays that are most appropriate for
your application.
Click Create to open the Create Array wizard. This wizard offers
the following options:
5-11
Advanced Options
Creating an array by clicking Advanced in the Create Array wizard
follows the same basic process as the previous instructions, but at
each step there may be additional options for you to use,
depending on the features supported by the controller.
The Advanced area of the Create Array wizard may offer the
following additional options:
5-12
The Advanced area of the Create Array wizard may offer the
following additional options:
5-13
ClearIn this case, the contents of all the drives are cleared.
The advantages of clearing an array are that the process is much
faster than building and when completed, the array operates at
maximum performance. The disadvantage is that the array is
not accessible until the clear completes.
5-14
Deleting Arrays
Note: Deleting an array destroys all the data on the array. Be
sure to back up any data before you proceed.
To delete an array:
1 Click the Delete button on the Logical Devices view.
2 In the Logical Devices view select the array(s) you wish to delete.
3 Click Finish. A warning appears, offering you the opportunity
to verify that you are deleting the correct array.
4 Click Yes if the warning is correct.
5 Windows 2000 only
a When you delete an array, an Unsafe Removal pop-up
appearsclick OK.
b Open the Device Manager and do a rescan to view your
change.
Modifying Arrays
On controllers that support this feature, Modify allows you to
make the following changes to existing arrays:
To modify an array:
1 Click Modify.
2 Select the array that you wish to modify.
3 Select the RAID level that you want to migrate the array to, or if
you want to expand the capacity of the existing array, select the
current RAID level.
4 If necessary, select the additional drive(s) required for capacity
expansion, or necessary to support the new RAID level.
Optionally, click Advanced to adjust the priority for the task.
5 Click Finish.
Popup Tool TipsAs you move the mouse cursor around the
screen, you may notice that if you position the cursor over a
device or button a popup tool tip appears. For buttons, the tips
contain helpful information about the function of the button,
although for devices they display additional information.
Tool tips are enabled by default and appear after a brief delay.
You can either disable the tool tips or have them pop up
immediately.
Viewing Events
The Events button allows you to view events and configure event
notification for all supported controllers in the system.
Event Viewer
The following information is available for each event:
Brief description
The Event Filter Threshold default is All which displays all levels
of event available to your controller.
A drop-down list is provided that lets you choose to view either
critical and warning level events only (Warning), or critical events
only (Critical).
At the bottom of the screen is a Clear Log button to clear the event log.
Event Notification
A notifier service is included, enabling controller events to be
added to the system event log. This service can display on-screen
popup alert messages as well as notify users, through e-mail, of
controller events. The default is Running.
Notifier Service Event Levels
Most Adaptec controllers support three event levels:
Critical
Warning
5-17
The port that SMTP mail server is configured to use. The default
is 25, which is the default for most SMTP mail server packages.
If you are unsure of the default for you server, ask your e-mail
administrator.
The SMTP e-mail address of all users that need to receive event
notifications.
5-18
Applying Changes
The Event Notification tab allows you to make changes. If you
have selected a modifiable field, select Apply or Cancel to save
your changes.
Getting Help
Click Help to open a screen with the following tabs: This
Application, Technical Support, and Sales.
Click This Application tab to view information about the name
and version of the application, as well as a link to the online help.
Click the Technical Support tab for the link to Adaptecs Technical
Support Web site.
Click the Sales tab to find telephone numbers and an e-mail
address for Adaptec Sales, as well as links to Adaptecs Online
Store and Product Information Web sites.
Controller Properties
To view or modify controller properties, select a controller and then
click Properties to display a dialog window with the following
tabs: Controller Info, Alarm, Battery, and Details.
5-19
Controller Info
Lists the following information about the selected controller:
Host busThe type and the number of the bus to which this
controller is connected.
Details
This window lists details of some components for this controller:
5-20
Capacity
The Capacity tab appears only for disk drives and when selected,
displays a summary view listing the reserved, used, available, and
total capacities of the drive.
The capacities are reported in both the number of 512-byte blocks
(shown in both decimal and hexadecimal values) and capacity in
Kilobytes, Megabytes, or Gigabytes.
Selecting the detailed option shows information for all segments on
the drive. In this view, the following information is displayed for
each segment:
Type indicates how the segment is used. The first and last segments
may be reserved. The controller may store the RAID signature at
either the beginning or end of the drive. The end of the drive is
where the capacity may be rounded down to the nearest 2 MB.
If this segment is a component of an array, type indicates the array
level the segment is used in. If the segment is not used in an array,
and is not a reserved area, it will be shown as available.
Detailed view defaults to displaying the numbers of the start and
end blocks of each segment in decimal values. A drop-down list is
provided to allow you to display these numbers in either
hexadecimal or capacity.
S.M.A.R.T.
For hard disk drives that support S.M.A.R.T. predictive failure
reporting, this additional tab will appear with the following
entries:
LED
This tab appears on hard disk drives, and has two buttons, Blink
LED and Unblink All.
Enclosure Properties
Selecting an enclosure and clicking Properties will open a screen
with the following tabs: General, Fans, PSU, Temperature,
Devices and Speaker.
5-22
General
The General tab includes the following information:
Logical Drive
The Logical Drive tab includes the following information:
Task Viewer
Displays details of current and scheduled tasks for the system or
the selected controller, channel, array or drive.
It is only possible to create tasks for arrays or drives. If you select
Tasks for a channel, controller, or the system, all relevant tasks are
displayed.
When Adaptec Storage Manager is installed, a scheduled task is
created to perform a weekly background consistency check of all
hot spares in the system. This task can be seen by clicking Tasks
when nothing is selected.
5-24
New Tasks
Allows you to create new tasks for an array or a drive. New Tasks
can either be run immediately, or scheduled to run at a later time.
Available tasks are Verify, Verify with Fix, and Clear. Each task is
described below.
Drive
Array
To create a task:
1 Select the array or drive you want the task to run on.
2 Click Tasks.
3 Select New Tasks.
4 Select the type of task from the drop-down list.
5 Select the priority for the task. The default is High.
6 If you want the task to start immediately, click OK. Or, if you
want to schedule the task for later, select Schedule.
If you select Schedule, additional options will appear that will
allow you to see the day of week and time you want the task to
start, as well as the time format. Once you have selected the
time and day, click OK.
5-25
A
BIOS Utilities
In this Chapter...
What is ARC?
A-1
A-2
Using SATASelect
A-7
A-8
A-9
A-10
What is ARC?
The Adaptec RAID Configuration (ARC) utility is an embedded
BIOS utility that includes:
A-1
BIOS Utilities
SATASelect utility
Disk utilities
Managing Arrays
Use the Manage Arrays option to view array properties and
members, and delete arrays. The following sections describe these
operations in greater detail.
Viewing Array Properties
To view the properties of an existing array:
1 At the BIOS prompt, press Ctrl+A.
2 From the ARC menu, select Array Configuration Utility (ACU).
3 From the ACU menu, select Manage Arrays.
4 From the List of Arrays dialog box, select the array you want to
view and press Enter.
The Array Properties dialog box appears, showing detailed
information on the array. The physical disks associated with the
array are displayed here.
5 Press Esc to return to the previous menu.
A-2
BIOS Utilities
Deleting Arrays
A-3
BIOS Utilities
Creating Arrays
Before creating arrays, make sure the disks for the array are
connected and installed in your system. Note that disks with no
usable space, or disks that are uninitialized are shown in gray and
cannot be used. See Initializing Disk Drives on page A-6.
To create an array:
1 Turn on your computer and press Ctrl+A when prompted to
access the ARC utility.
2 From the ARC menu, select Array Configuration Utility (ACU).
3 From the ACU menu, select Create Array.
4 Select the disks for the new array and press Insert. To deselect
any disk, highlight the disk and press Delete.
5 Press Enter when both disks for the new array are selected. The
Array Properties menu displays.
Assigning Array Properties
Note: Once the array is created and its properties are assigned,
you cannot change the array properties using the ACU.
Instead, use Adaptec Storage Manager - Browser Edition. (See
Chapter 5 for details.)
To assign properties to the new array:
1 In the Array Properties menu, select an array type and press
Enter. Note that only the available array types, RAID 0 and RAID
1, are displayed. Each of these types requires two drives. (For a
description of the supported array types, see Appendix B.)
2 Type in an optional label for the array and press Enter.
3 For RAID 0, select the desired stripe size. Available stripe sizes
are 16, 32, and 64 KB (default).
Note: Adaptec recommends that you do not change the
default.
A-4
BIOS Utilities
Create via
RAID 0
No Init
When appropriate
Creating a RAID 0 on new drives.
Creating a RAID 0 from one new drive and
one drive with data you wish to preserve.
RAID 0
Migrate
RAID 1
Build1
RAID 1
Clear
RAID 1
Quick
Init
1 If you select Migrate for RAID 0, or Build for RAID 1, you will be asked to select the
source drive. The contents of the source drive will be preserved. However, the data
on the new drive will be lost.
Notes:
A-5
BIOS Utilities
To initialize drives:
1 Turn on your computer and press Ctrl+A when prompted to
access the ARC utility.
2 From the ARC menu, select Array Configuration Utility (ACU).
3 Select Initialize Drives.
4 Use the up and down arrow keys to highlight the disk you wish
to initialize and press Insert.
5 Repeat Step 4 so that both drives to be initialized are selected.
6 Press Enter.
7 Read the warning message and ensure that you have selected
the correct disk drives to initialize. Type Y to continue.
A-6
BIOS Utilities
Using SATASelect
The SATASelect utility enables you to change device and controller
settings without opening the system chassis or handling the card.
A-7
BIOS Utilities
A-8
BIOS Utilities
A-9
BIOS Utilities
A-10
B
Supported RAID Types
RAID is an acronym for Redundant Array of Independent Disks.
The goal of RAID is to provide better performance and reliability
from combinations of disk drives than possible with the same total
storage space without RAID.
When creating RAIDs, select drives of equal capacity and
performance. Otherwise, the RAID tends to be limited in capacity
and performance to that of the smallest and slowest drive.
The Adaptec 1210SA supports up to two drives; therefore, only
RAID 0 and RAID 1 arrays are supported. These array types are
described below.
In addition to RAID capability, the Adaptec 1210SA supports a
simple volume configuration, which consists of a single drive that
is not part of an array. Such a drive is automatically configured as a
simple volume. The controller supports up to two simple volumes.
B-1
RAID 0
A RAID 0 is created by striping data across two or more disk drives.
This striping scheme creates no redundancy to protect the data.
However, because the drives share load equally, RAID 0 provides the
best read and write performance of any RAID type.
RAID-0
RAID 1
Data 0
Data 1
Data 0
Data 0
Data 2
Data 3
Data 1
Data 1
Data 4
Data 5
Data 2
Data 2
Data 6
Data 7
Data 3
Data 3
RAID 1
A RAID 1 array is created by copying, or mirroring, all data from one
drive onto a second drive. This mirroring provides redundancy,
ensuring that if one drive fails no data is lost. Redundancy also
means that only half of the total capacity is available.
RAID 1 offers no write performance advantage over a simple
volume configuration. However, because the drives share read load
equally, RAID 1 provides improved read performance.
B-2
C
Specifications
DC Power Requirements
Voltage
5 V 10%
50 mV peak-to-peak maximum
Current Requirements
Adaptec 1210SA
1 A maximum
Environmental Specifications
Ambient temperature
0 C to 50 C
Relative humidity
Altitude
up to 3,000 meters
C-1
Glossary
A
activity
See task.
ACU
Array Configuration Utility. An application used to create, configure,
and manage arrays from the controllers BIOS or MS-DOS.
array
A logical disk created from available space and made up of one or
more segments on one or more physical disks. Arrays are typically
used to provide data redundancy or enhanced I/O performance.
See also container, segment, volume, spanned volume, RAID 0, RAID 1.
Also known as a container.
array initialization
See initialize.
ATA
AT Bus Attachment. Standard parallel interface to IDE hard disks
typically used in desktop computers and some entry-level servers.
Serial ATA (SATA), is a successor to parallel ATA, which is
sometimes referred to as PATA.
available space/segment
Unused space on an initialized disk from which logical devices
(arrays) are created. When an array is deleted, the space that it used
is returned to the available space pool.
Glossary-1
Glossary
B
bad segment
Segment that is in an unknown state.
background consistency check
Option that forces the controller to constantly check all portions of
disks used by all arrays to see if the disks can return data from the
blocks. See also consistency check command.
bootable array
Array configured as the boot device.
build
Background initialization of a redundant array. The array is
accessible throughout. RAID 1 copies the contents of the primary
drive to a secondary drive. See also clear.
bus
See channel.
C
cache
Fast-access memory on the controller that serves as intermediate
storage for data that is read from, or written to, drives.
capacity
Total usable space available in megabytes or gigabytes.
channel
Any path, or bus, used for the transfer of data and the control of
information between storage devices and a RAID controller. For
Serial ATA channels, each channel has a single drive capacity.
chunk
See stripe.
Glossary-2
Glossary
clear
Foreground initialization of a fault-tolerant array. A clear operation
zeros all blocks of the array. The array is not accessible until the
clear task is complete.
concatenation
Joining of physical or logical drives in sequential order.
consistency check command
Command that reads all the blocks of a RAID 1 to determine if the
blocks are consistent. Any inconsistent blocks are fixed.
container
See array.
D
dead partition
See failed.
dedicated hot spare
Component that can take the place of a failed component only on
the fault-tolerant array to which it is explicitly assigned.
degraded
A redundant (for example, a RAID 1) array in which one or more
members have failed. The data is intact but redundancy has been
compromised. Any further failure would cause the array to fail and
result in data loss.
dirty data
Data that has been written to a cache but which has not been
flushed out to its final destination.
disk
Physical disk drive. Randomly accessible, re-writable data storage
device. Also called hard disk.
Glossary-3
Glossary
disk ID
Unique disk identifier that consists of the channel number, SATA
ID. For example, (channel:ID:LUN) 1:04:0. See also channel.
drive LED
Disk indicator LED that illuminates during read or write
operations.
E
event
Notification or alert from the system, indicating that a change has
occurred.
event log
File used to maintain information about prior controller activities
or errors.
event notification
Process for transmitting events.
F
failed
State of a non-redundant array that has suffered a single drive
failure, or a redundant array that has suffered multiple drive
failures. A failed array is inaccessible and data is lost.
failed segment
A segment that is no longer usable by an array because it is either
logically bad and therefore no longer needed, or physically
damaged.
fault-tolerant array
Refers to an array that can continue to function after a disk drive
failure without loss of data. Fault tolerant, or redundant arrays,
include RAID 1 arrays. See also Redundant.
Glossary-4
Glossary
foreign disk
Disk that has previously been initialized on another Adaptec RAID
controller. The RAID signature on the disk allows the RAID
controller to identify whether or not the disk was initialized on the
controller it is currently connected to.
H
hard disk drive
Basic unit of nonvolatile, nonremovable, magnetic storage media.
See also disk.
hot swap
To remove a component from a system and install a new
component while the power is on and the system is running.
I
impacted
An impacted array is one which has been created but for some
reason the initial build operation did not complete. All member
drives are present and operational, and all data written to the array
is protected. To optimize the array, run a Verify with Fix Task.
initialize
Process of preparing a disk for use by the controller. When a disk is
initialized, the controller records the RAID signature on the disk.
initialized array
An array that is ready for data reads and writes. Arrays can be
initialized by build or clear.
L
legacy disk
Disk that contained a valid partition table when connected to the
controller. The controller manages the disk as a legacy disk array
where there is a one-to-one logical-to-physical mapping of array to
disk.
Glossary-5
Glossary
logical device
Volume comprised of space from one or more physical drives and
presented to the operating system as if it were a single storage unit.
low-level format
Process performed by the drive firmware that completely cleans
any data off the hard disk.
M
migration
See reconfiguration.
mirrored array/mirroring
See RAID 1.
monitoring
Process of receiving, displaying, and logging system events.
O
offline array
Array that can no longer be accessed.
optimal
The state of an array when it is fully operational. For redundant
arrays, the entire array is protected.
P
partition
See segment.
phantom object
Object that represents a component that cannot be configured by
the controller management software; for example, a missing drive.
Glossary-6
Glossary
Q
quick init
An array initialized using the Quick Init option is available
immediately, with no on-going background controller activity. All
data written to an array that has been quick initialized is protected.
R
RAID
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (alternative definition
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks).
RAID 0
A single-level array consisting of two or more equal-sized segments
residing on different disks. RAID 0 distributes data evenly across
its respective drives in equal-sized sections called stripes. RAID 0
arrays are not redundant.
RAID 1
Single-level array consisting of two equal segments residing on
two different drives. Provides redundancy by storing identical
copies on two drives.
See also mirrored array/mirroring.
RAID signature
The area on each disk reserved for use by the RAID controller.
RAID volume
Concatenates two or more arrays of the same type.
rebuild
Background regeneration of redundant data on a RAID 1.
reconfiguration
Process of expanding an array or migrating an array from one
RAID type to another; changing the stripe size of a RAID 0, or
moving a logical devices segments to other disks.
Glossary-7
Glossary
redundant
The ability of an array to maintain operability when one or more
hardware failures occur. RAID 1 is redundant. In the event of a
drive failure, redundant arrays can be restored to normal operation
by replacing the failed drive and rebuilding the array.
rescan
Process of updating the current screen to show all currently
available resources.
S
segment
Reserved area on a physical disk that is a by-product of array
creation or fault-tolerant array operation. In other words, when the
software creates an array, it automatically converts space into
segments. A segment is always part of a logical device and cannot
be used by more than one logical device at a time.
Serial ATA (SATA)
A successor to ATA that uses a serial, instead of parallel, interface.
simple volume
A volume made up of disk space from a single disk. It can consist
of a single region on a disk or concatenated, multiple regions of the
same disk.
single-level array
Array created from one or more segments. See also volume, spanned
volume, RAID 0, RAID 1.
snapshot
Instantaneous read-only copy of an array at a precise point in time.
spanned volume
A simple volume that spans two or more drives.
Glossary-8
Glossary
stripe
Contiguous set of data distributed across all the disks in an array. A
striped array distributes data evenly across all members in equalsized sections called stripes.
stripe size
The amount of data in each section of a striped array.
striped array
See RAID 0.
T
task
An operation that occurs only on the RAID controller,
asynchronous to all other operations; for example, initializing a
disk or verifying an array. Some tasks can take an extended period
of time, particularly if the RAID controller is also performing
intensive data I/O while the task is running.
V
verify
Low-level check that a drive, logical device, or hot spare is good. In
a RAID 1, verify is a low-level check that contents of both members
segments are consistent and, optionally, corrects errors while
assuming that the master drive is correct. In a simple volume, verify
performs a low-level check that the whole drive can be read.
volume
See simple volume, spanned volume.
Glossary-9
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2003 Adaptec, Inc.
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are trademarks of Adaptec, Inc. which may be
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Part Number: 513587-06, Ver. AB JG 05/03