Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 01/2010

Health, Education, Social Protection
News & Notes 01/2010

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GTZ
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit)
10 January 2010
You can download back issues (2005 - 2010) of this newsletter at: http://hiv-prg.org/en/newsletters
Table of Contents:
BOOKS ................................................................................ 3
Nordic Health Care Systems: Recent Reforms and Current Policy Challenges..................... 3
Education For All Global Monitoring Report 2009................................................................... 3
Social Watch Report 2009....................................................................................................... 3
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 4

HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 4
Global Trends in AIDS Mortality .............................................................................................. 4
Priority Interventions: HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the health sector ............ 4
The fields of HIV and disability: past, present and future........................................................ 4
10 Reasons Why Criminalization of HIV Exposure or Transmission Harms Women ............. 5
Extra-marital sexual partnerships and male friendships in rural Malawi................................. 5
Changes in HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors in Sub-Saharan Africa .......................... 5
MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing Model for Asia and the Pacific ....................................... 6
Sexual & Reproductive Health ..................................................................................... 6
Integrating Youth Reproductive Health and Family Planning into HIV/AIDS Education......... 6
Community Involvement in Youth Reproductive Health and HIV Prevention ......................... 6
The Female Condom in Ghana............................................................................................... 6
Explaining Sexual Violence in Conflict Situations ................................................................... 7
Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................... 7
Fatal Flaws: Barriers to Maternal Health in Peru .................................................................... 7
Exploring the determinants of unsafe abortion: improving the evidence base in Mexico ....... 7
Housing for Disabled Children and their Families: An Information Resource......................... 8
Malaria.......................................................................................................................... 8
Determining and addressing obstacles to the effective use of long-lasting insecticide-
impregnated nets in rural Tanzania......................................................................................... 8
The impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission in Ziway area,
Central Ethiopia....................................................................................................................... 8
Tuberculosis ................................................................................................................. 8
Implications of the global financial crisis for the response to diseases of poverty within
overall health sector development: the case of tuberculosis .................................................. 8
TB Notes No. 4 - 2009............................................................................................................. 9
Other Infectious Diseases ............................................................................................ 9
The Lancet Series: Neglected Tropical Diseases ................................................................... 9
Human African trypanosomiasis ............................................................................................. 9
How much is not enough? A community randomized trial of a Water and Health Education
programme for Trachoma and Ocular C. trachomatis infection in Niger .............................. 10
Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 10
The bacterial challenge: time to react ................................................................................... 10
The Health Impact Fund: incentives for improving access to medicines .............................. 10
Social Security............................................................................................................ 11
Child Poverty: A Role for Cash Transfers? ........................................................................... 11
Using targeted vouchers and health equity funds to improve access to skilled birth
attendants for poor women: a case study in three rural health districts in Cambodia .......... 11
Strengthening Social Security for Vulnerable Groups........................................................... 11
HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 1

Human Resources...................................................................................................... 12
10 best resources on...health workers in developing countries ............................................ 12
Educating leaders in hospital management: a new model in Sub-Saharan Africa ............... 12
Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 12
The European Health Report 2009: Health and Health Systems ......................................... 12
Comparative Effectiveness and Health Care Spending - Implications for Reform ............... 13
Addressing financial sustainability in health systems ........................................................... 13
Translating research into policy: lessons learned from eclampsia treatment and malaria
control in three southern African countries............................................................................ 13
SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP) ................................... 13
Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 14
Re-Inventing Health Care Training in the Developing World: The Case for Satellite
Applications in Rural Environments ......................................................................................14
Education ................................................................................................................... 14
Global Report on Adult Learning and Education................................................................... 14
Child-Led School Health Education Programs...................................................................... 14
Financing Education in Kenya: Expenditures, Outcomes and the Role of International Aid 15
Transparency in education in Eastern Europe ...................................................................... 15
Focus on Education: Good Practice in Cost Sharing and Financing in Higher Education ... 15
Preventing Violence in Schools............................................................................................. 15
Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 16
Global Voices: Rebutting the tobacco industry, winning smokefree air 2009 Status Report 16
“Where Darkness Knows No Limits” ..................................................................................... 16
Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 16
Learning to Speak MDGs: A Guide to the Millennium Development Goals.......................... 16
Development Assistance............................................................................................ 17
EU Blue Book 2008: European Union Development Cooperation Activities in Nicaragua ... 17
Thailand Official Development Assistance (ODA) Report 2007-2008 .................................. 17
An Appeal to Aid Specialists ................................................................................................. 17
From Development to Human Development: Tool for Applying the Human Development
Perspective............................................................................................................................ 18
Financing for Development and Women Rights: A Critical Review ...................................... 18
Development without Conflict: The Business Case for Community Consent ....................... 18
Others......................................................................................................................... 19
The Global Health System: Actors, Norms, and Expectations in Transition......................... 19
Global Health Justice ............................................................................................................ 19
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 19

Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT) ................................................................... 19
The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - Vol. 1, No. 1 (2010)
............................................................................................................................................... 20
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 20

The Africa4All Project............................................................................................................ 20
2010: The Year of the Lung .................................................................................................. 20
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 20
Reproductive Health Services and HIV/AIDS: New Evidence and Strategy......................... 20
CARTOON ......................................................................... 21
Travel experience.................................................................................................................. 21
TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 21

Is it okay to run more than one antivirus programme at the same time?.............................. 21
Windows XP to Windows 7 Upgrade Problems .................................................................... 22

BOOKS
Nordic Health Care Systems: Recent Reforms and Current Policy Chal-
lenges
Edited by Jon Magnussen, Karsten Vrangbaek and Richard B. Saltman

Published by Open University Press, 448 pp. September 2009; ISBN:
9780335238132, Price: £ 29.99
Download Chapter 1 - The Nordic model of health care (17 pp. 101 kB):
http://www.mcgraw-hill.co.uk/openup/chapters/9780335238132.pdf
This new comparative study, which also assesses the influence of the European Union
on the Nordic health systems, highlights how the Nordic countries have retained the
principles of universalism and equity while promoting the benefits of patient choice.
These insights will be a welcome addition for health sector policy-makers and for stu-
dents of health policy, not just in the Nordic countries but across Europe.
***
Education For All Global Monitoring Report 2009

Overcoming inequality: why governance matters
by Rashid Ahmed, Samer Al-Samarrai, Nadir Altinok et al.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), 2008
479 pp. 9.3 MB:

http://www.unesco.org/education/gmr2009/press/EFA_GMR_complet.pdf
Deep-rooted inequalities persist in education, condemning millions of children in the

world to diminished opportunity and even to poverty. Despite the effort made by some of
the planet’s poorest countries to improve access to education, inequalities are still en-
trenched around the globe. At the same time, international aid for education is in danger
of decreasing due to the current financial crisis, the report warns.
***
Social Watch Report 2009

Making finances work: People first
Edited by Roberto Bissio and Amir Hamed

Instituto del Tercer Mundo, 2009
215 pp. 5.8 MB:

http://www.socialwatch.org/sites/default/files/Social-Watch-Report-2009.pdf
Social investment is the key to a just and effective solution to the current economic cri-
sis, says citizens’ alternative report. Robust social investment programs should be en-
acted in order to effectively stimulate the global economy and mitigate the impacts of the
financial crisis on workers, women and the poor. The report includes dozens of in-depth
reports from grassroots civil society organizations, which prove that the poorest coun-
tries played no part in causing the crisis, yet they are experiencing its worst effects.

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
HIV - AIDS - STI
Global Trends in AIDS Mortality
by John Bongaarts, François Pelletier, and Patrick Gerland

Poverty, Gender, and Youth Working Paper No. 16; Population Council,
2009
25 pp. 401 kB:

http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/globalTrends_aids1262069921.pdf
This paper reviews the evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and provides estimates of
past trends and future projections of AIDS mortality indicators, including numbers of
AIDS deaths, the proportion of all deaths that are due to AIDS, and life expectancy. De-
spite the rapid spread of this new disease during the 1980s and 1990s, the epidemic
has reached a major turning point in recent years as the rate of new infections peaked
and began a decline.
***
Priority Interventions: HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the

health sector
World Health Organization HIV/AIDS Department, Version 1.2 – April

2009; ISBN 978 92 4 159696 1
134 pp. 1.3 kB:

http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/priority_interventions_web.pdf
The publication defines the essential interventions the health sector

should deliver, and provides key references and links to web-based resources. WHO
launched an initial version of the document in August 2008, at the global AIDS confer-
ence in Mexico City. This updated report, published online and as a CD-ROM, will be
further adapted as recommendations evolve. It offers WHO’s best attempt to assemble
and package normative advice for the health sector on the essential response to
HIV/AIDS.
***
The fields of HIV and disability: past, present and future
by Jill Hanass-Hancock and Stephanie A Nixon

Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009, 12:28 (9 November 2009
14 pp. 403kB:
http://www.jiasociety.org/content/pdf/1758-2652-12-28.pdf
This article provides an historic overview of the fields of disability and HIV. The first field
involves people living with HIV and their experiences of disability, disablement and re-
habilitation brought on by the disease and its treatments. The second involves people
with disabilities and their experiences of vulnerability to and life with HIV.
***

10 Reasons Why Criminalization of HIV Exposure or Transmission Harms
Women
by Johanna Kehler, Michaela Clayton and Tyler Crone

ATHENA Network, 2009
10 pp. 498 kB:

http://www.athenanetwork.org/docs/10_Reasons_Why_Criminalis
ation_Harms_Women_Smaller_file.pdf
This publication clearly illustrates how criminalizing HIV exposure or transmission – far
from providing justice for women – endangers and further oppresses women. This
document, with 21 original endorsing organizations from around the world, affirms the
protection and advancement of women’s rights as key for effective HIV and AIDS re-
sponses, and opposes laws that criminalize HIV exposure or transmission.
***
Extra-marital sexual partnerships and male friendships in rural Malawi
by Shelley Clark
Demographic Research, Vol. 22, pp. 1-28; 5 January 2010
30 pp. 592 kB:

http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol22/1/22-1.pdf
Extra-marital sexual partnerships (EMSPs) are a major route of HIV/AIDS transmission

in sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, the authors investigate the roles of two types of
male friendships - best friends and friends with whom they talk about AIDS - in deter-
mining whether men have EMSPs. They find that men’s current extra-marital sexual be-
haviour is most closely correlated with their best friends’, but that the behaviours of both
types of friends are associated with men’s subsequent EMSPs. These findings suggest
that men’s friendships could be used to help combat the AIDS epidemic.
***
Changes in HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors in Sub-Saharan Africa
by Vinod Mishra, Praween Agrawal, Soumya Alva et al.

ICF Macro USA, September 2009
133 pp. 6.3 MB:

http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/CR24/CR24.pdf
The study provides strategic information on key HIV-related indicators for program man-
agers and policymakers to monitor and evaluate prevention programs and to design
new strategies. The report summarizes levels and recent changes in 69 indicators of
HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of women and men age 15-49 in 23
countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study suggests the need for HIV prevention, treat-
ment, and care policies and programs to be gender and context specific.
***

MDG-Consistent HIV/AIDS Costing Model for Asia and the Pacific
User Manual for an Excel-based worksheet tool
UNDP HIV/AIDS Practice Team, Regional Centre Colombo
39 pp. 1.1 MB:

http://www2.undprcc.lk/resource_centre/pub_pdfs/P1100.pdf
The aim of costing the HIV/AIDS response is to determine the total cost. This means all
interventions and services have a cost, even if they are provided free or even if it is en-
visage that individuals will bear that cost as an out-of-pocket expense. Both capital and
recurrent costs need to be included in total cost estimation. The total cost needs to be
considered when determining and calculating country specific unit costs. Once the re-
sponse is costed, financing options can then be discussed.
Sexual & Reproductive Health
Integrating Youth Reproductive Health and Family Planning into HIV/AIDS

Education
International Youth Foundation (IYF) Field Notes Vol. 3 Nr. 17; October 2009
4 pp. 475 kB:

http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/FieldNotes17ReproHealth1262152797.pdf
This educational toolkit offers a wide range of practical advice, lessons learned, and
technical advice. It presents IYF’s experiences in Tanzania, where the Planning for Life
project incorporated reproductive health education and family planning services into its
HIV prevention activities and trained local service providers to offer youth-friendly repro-
ductive health services.
***
Community Involvement in Youth Reproductive Health and HIV Prevention
by Peggy Tipton, William Finger and Kathleen Henry Shears

Family Health International, March 2007
4 pp. 184 kB:

http://www.fhi.org/NR/rdonlyres/eich24skeeqa3cqbx6bv7y4n6cihowu2iu6fisi4i5kr
ag36bzz5rl47qtwfr4om37vex4wot7avmn/YL19e1.pdf
Are reproductive health and HIV prevention outcomes for young people better when a
project makes an explicit effort to involve community members? This briefing paper
summarises the findings of a range of studies that have sought to investigate this ques-
tion.
***
The Female Condom in Ghana
by Reshma Neik and Martha Brady

The Population Council, 2008
24 pp. 773 kB:

http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/FCinGhana_CurrentState.pdf

The female condom (FC) is the only safe and effective female-initiated method that pro-
vides simultaneous protection against unintended pregnancy as well as sexually trans-
mitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. An exploratory exercise was conducted by
the Population Council to gain an understanding of the current and historical landscape
of FC procurement, distribution, and programming in Ghana and to explore the viability
of enhancing national FC promotion.
***
Explaining Sexual Violence in Conflict Situations
by Megan Gerecke
67 pp. 1.4 MB:

http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/isa09_proceeding_3131641262839380.pdf
This study tests four theories of sexual violence across three well-documented cases –
those of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Rwanda, and Sierra Leone. This study casts doubt
on gender inequalities’ previously undisputed centrality, as well as revealing important
unexplained similarities in the patterns and forms of sexual violence.
Maternal & Child Health
Fatal Flaws: Barriers to Maternal Health in Peru
Amnesty International Publications, July 2009
52 pp. 5.1 MB:

http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR46/008/2009/en/442a
4678-9f6d-4f91-9045-3c47198144d7/amr460082009eng.pdf
This report explores the high levels of maternal mortality amongst poor and Indigenous
women in rural Peru and evaluates the impact of recent government policies designed
to tackle the problem.
***
Exploring the determinants of unsafe abortion: improving the evidence

base in Mexico
by Angelica Sousa, Rafael Lozano and Emmanuela Gakidou

Health Policy and Planning 2009;1-11 - published online on December 15, 2009
11 pp. 180 kB:

http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/czp061v1?ijkey=OA1CVURLq1MxBuk&keytype=ref
Despite the realized importance of unsafe abortion as a global health problem, reliable
data are difficult to obtain, especially in countries where abortion is illegal. In Mexico,
studies have been undertaken to improve estimates of induced abortion but the deter-
minants of unsafe abortion have not been explored. This analysis has demonstrated
that there are large socio-economic and geographical inequities in unsafe abortions in
Mexico. Further efforts are required to improve the measurement and monitoring of
trends in unsafe abortions in developing countries.
***

Housing for Disabled Children and their Families: An Information Resource
by Judith Cavet
Care Co-ordination Network UK (CCNUK), May 2009
49 pp. 334 kB:

http://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/files/jrf/housing-disabled-children.pdf
This document is an overview of information about housing for disabled children and
their families, and ideas for improving their circumstances. The purpose of the resource
is to raise awareness of this important aspect of community care and to help non-
specialists find out more about promoting positive change in this complex field.
Malaria
Determining and addressing obstacles to the effective use of long-lasting

insecticide-impregnated nets in rural Tanzania
by Maria Widmar, Courtney J Nagel, Deborah Y Ho et al.

Malaria Journal 2009, 8:315 (31 December 2009)
23 pp. 337 kB:

http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-8-315.pdf
The objective of this project was to achieve high, sustainable levels of net coverage in a
village in rural Tanzania by combining free distribution of long-lasting insecticide-
impregnated nets (LLINs) with community-tailored education. Results suggest that ad-
dressing community-specific practices and attitudes prior to LLIN distribution promotes
consistent and correct use, and helps change attitudes towards bed nets as a preventa-
tive health measure. Future LLIN distributions can learn from the paradigm established
in this project.
***
The impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission in

Ziway area, Central Ethiopia
by Solomon Kibret, Yihenew Alemu, Eline Boelee et al.

Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 41-50, January 2010
10 pp. 178 kB:

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/122685052/PDFSTART
Irrigation schemes along the Ethiopian Rift Valley may intensify malaria by increasing
the level of prevalence during the dry season. To reduce the intensity of malaria trans-
mission in the small-scale irrigation schemes currently in operation in Ethiopia, year-
round source reduction by using proper irrigation water management, coupled with
health education, needs to be incorporated into the existing malaria control strategies.
Tuberculosis
Implications of the global financial crisis for the response to diseases of

poverty within overall health sector development: the case of tuberculosis

by Dermot Maher
Tropical Medicine & International Health, Vol. 15, Issue 1, pp. 11-17, January 2010
7 pp. 70 kB:
The global financial crisis poses a threat to global health, and may exacerbate diseases
of poverty, e.g. HIV, malaria and tuberculosis. Exploring the implications of the global fi-
nancial crisis for the health sector response to tuberculosis is useful to illustrate the
practical problems and propose possible solutions. Lessons learned will be valuable for
stakeholders involved in the health sector response to tuberculosis and other diseases
of poverty.
***
TB Notes No. 4 - 2009

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Tuberculo-
sis Elimination (DTBE)
26 pp. 932 kB:

http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/newsletters/notes/TBN_4_09/images/tbn409.pdf
TB Notes is a quarterly e-newsletter presented by the Division of Tuberculosis Elimina-

tion (DTBE). It spotlights news about DTBE activities and provides highlights from state
and local TB programs across the country. It also contains a calendar of events describ-
ing meetings, conferences, and other educational activities of potential interest to those
working in TB.
Other Infectious Diseases
The Lancet Series: Neglected Tropical Diseases

Published January 1, 2010
http://www.thelancet.com/series/neglected-tropical-diseases
Lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and soil-

transmitted helminthiasis are some of the most common neglected
tropical diseases addressed in this new Lancet Series. The first of
four papers reviews elimination and control programmes, and sub-
sequent papers describe the integration, mapping, and financing of international control
initiatives.
***
Human African trypanosomiasis
by Reto Brun, Johannes Blum, Francois Chappuis, Christian Burri

The Lancet, Vol. 375, Issue 9709, pp. 148-159, 9 January 2010
12 pp. 1.0 kB:

http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673609608291.pdf?i
d=e16241398b8eb460:-1e516c31:1260f6db071:-5e8a1262980202685
With fewer than 12 000 cases of Human African trypanosomiasis reported per year, it
belongs to the most neglected tropical diseases. The clinical presentation is complex,
and diagnosis and treatment difficult. The available drugs are old, complicated to admin-

ister, and can cause severe adverse reactions. WHO has stated that if national control
programmes, international organisations, research institutes, and philanthropic partners
engage in concerted action, elimination of this disease might even be possible.
***
How much is not enough? A community randomized trial of a Water and

Health Education programme for Trachoma and Ocular C. trachomatis in-
fection in Niger
by Amza Abdou, Beatriz E. Munoz, Baido Nassirou et al.

Tropical Medicine and International Health, Vol. 15 Issue 1, pp. 98-104,
January 2010
7 pp. 118 kB:

The objective of the study was to determine the impact after 2 years of a water and
health education (W/HE) programme on ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tra-
choma. The authors conclude that the provision of water plus a modest health education
programme did not result in a significant difference in trachoma or ocular C. trachomatis
infection in endemic communities in Niger. A more substantial health education interven-
tion is likely necessary to produce change.
Essential Medicines
The bacterial challenge: time to react
by Ragnar Norrby, Mair Powell, Bo Aronsson et al.

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, September 2009
54 pp. 886 kB:

http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/0909_TER
_The_Bacterial_Challenge_Time_to_React.pdf
The objective of this report is to give an account of facts and figures that would allow
reasonable predictions of the gap between bacterial resistance in the EU and the likely
availability of new treatments that would be effective against multidrug-resistant bacteria
in the near future.
***
The Health Impact Fund: incentives for improving access to medicines
by Amitava Banerjee, Aidan Hollis and Thomas Pogge

The Lancet, Vol. 375, Issue 9709, pp. 166-169, 9 January 2010
4 pp. 76 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673609612964.pdf?i
d=4d037fefcb72946c:-528a0cce:1260e6bb9be:-3a0e1262964378075
As a means to boost research for drugs to cure diseases with the largest burden at the
global level, the authors propose the creation of the Health Impact Fund (HIF) as an en-
during reform that would give pharmaceutical innovators stable financial incentives to
develop new medicines that have large effects on global health, and to sell them world-

wide at no more than the lowest feasible cost of production and distribution.
Social Security
Child Poverty: A Role for Cash Transfers?
by Rebecca Holmes and Armando Barrientos

UNICEF Regional Office for West and Central Africa, February 2009
62 pp. 1.4 MB:

http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/3476-full-report.pdf
This report, the third in a series of regional thematic reports produced for a study on so-
cial protection and children in West and Central Africa focuses specifically on one type
of social protection mechanism - social assistance in the form of cash transfers – and
explores how this can contribute to addressing specific risks and vulnerabilities faced by
children in the region.
***
Using targeted vouchers and health equity funds to improve access to

skilled birth attendants for poor women: a case study in three rural health
districts in Cambodia
by Por Ir, Dirk Horemans, Narin Souk and Wim van Damme
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 2010, 10:1 (7 January 2010)
32 pp. 462 kB:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2393-10-1.pdf
Programmes aimed at improving maternal health and preventing maternal mortality of-
ten fail to reach poor women. Vouchers in health and Health Equity Funds (HEFs) con-
stitute a financial mechanism to improve access to priority health services for the poor.
The authors conclude that Vouchers plus HEFs, if carefully designed and implemented,
have a strong potential for reducing financial barriers and hence improving access to
skilled birth attendants for poor women.
***
Strengthening Social Security for Vulnerable Groups
by Lily Batchelder, Barbara Bovbjerg, Paul Davies et al.

The National Academy of Social Insurance (NASI), 2009
68 pp. 282 kB:

http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/uploads/files/d44bef6c-
9317-42f0-8ea0-9b91b9b04368.pdf
This document says that declining home values, lost savings, and corporate pressures
to cut pension costs are undermining retirement security for seniors. At the same time,
job losses, pay cuts, and mortgage foreclosures are jeopardizing workers’ dreams of a
secure retirement. The recent stock market collapse has resulted in the loss of US$ 2
trillion in private retirement funds. In light of the current financial crisis, Social Security is
more important than ever.

Human Resources
10 best resources on...health workers in developing countries
by Karen A Grépin and William D Savedoff

Health Policy and Planning 2009;24:479-482 (2 September 2009)
4 pp. 65 kB:
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/24/6/479.pdf
Health systems cannot function without trained health workers, yet until recently re-
searchers and policymakers paid relatively little attention to their role in developing
countries. This is due in part to the inherent complexities and limited availability of data -
both of which have also held back research in the world’s wealthier countries. In recent
years, however, this has changed.
***
Educating leaders in hospital management: a new model in Sub-Saharan

Africa
by Sosena Kebede, Yigeremu Abebe, Mirkuzie Wolde et al.

International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2010, 22(1):39-43
5 pp. 95 kB:
http://intqhc.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/22/1/39.pdf
The vast majority of health system capacity-building efforts have focused on enhancing
medical and public health skills; less attention has been directed at developing hospital
managers despite their central role in improving the functioning and quality of health-
care systems. The authors developed with the Ethiopian Ministry of Health (MoH) a
novel Master of Hospital Administration (MHA) program, reflecting a collaborative effort
of the MoH, the Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative, Jimma University and Yale University.
Health Systems & Research
The European Health Report 2009: Health and Health Systems
by Enis Barış, Enrique Loyola, Anatoliy Nosikov et al.

WHO Regional Office for Europe, December 2009
ISBN 978 92 890 1415 1
141 pp. 4.9 MB:

http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E93103.pdf
Investing in health and health systems is especially important during times of crisis,
such as the severe economic crisis and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. To address
these issues, governments and policy-makers need information that is current, accurate,
comparable and user-friendly. This report presents public health information to support
countries in choosing sound investments in health.
***

Comparative Effectiveness and Health Care Spending - Implications for Re-
form
by Milton C. Weinstein and Jonathan A. Skinner

Published at The New England Journal of Medicine, 6 January 2010
6 pp. 283 kB:

http://content.nejm.org/cgi/reprint/NEJMsb0911104v1.pdf
The authors argue that health care costs can be reduced without a negative effect on
quality by reducing spending on interventions that are not cost-effective.
***
Addressing financial sustainability in health systems
by Sarah Thomson, Tom Foubister, Josep Figueras et al.

World Health Organization on behalf of the European Observatory on
Health Systems and Policies, 2009
49 pp. 333 kB:

http://www.euro.who.int/Document/E93058.pdf
This policy summary aims to shed light on the notion of financial sustainability and to
examine its policy relevance in practical terms. Without a better understanding of what is
meant by financial sustainability and, importantly, without explicitly linking the issue to
questions such as willingness to pay for health care, the value of the benefits gained
from health spending and how to improve the performance of the health system, policy
responses to sustainability concerns may be misdirected and yield unintended conse-
quences.
***
Translating research into policy: lessons learned from eclampsia treatment

and malaria control in three southern African countries
by Godfrey Woelk, Karen Daniels, Julie Cliff et al.

Health Research Policy and Systems 2009, 7:31 (30 December 2009)
46 pp. 235 kB:

http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/pdf/1478-4505-7-31.pdf
This paper aims to contribute to understanding the process of knowledge translation in

low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by describing the factors affecting the use of
research findings, particularly findings from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), in na-
tional policy development. It also explores how actors in the policy process understand
the notion of ‘evidence’ for decision-making.
***
SUPPORT Tools for evidence-informed health Policymaking (STP)
Health Research Policy and Systems, Volume 7, Supplement 1 (16 December 2009)
See Table of Contents to access full text articles:
http://www.health-policy-systems.com/supplements/7/S1
Knowing how to find and use research evidence can help policymakers and those who

support them to do their jobs better and more efficiently. Each article in this series pre-
sents a proposed tool that can be used by those involved in finding and using research
evidence to support evidence-informed health policymaking.
Information & Communication Technology
Re-Inventing Health Care Training in the Developing World: The Case for
Satellite Applications in Rural Environments
by Krishnan Haridasan, Srinivasan Rangarajan and Gregory Pirio

Online Journal of Space Communication, Issue No. 14: Satellites and Health, Winter
2009
Read online at: http://spacejournal.ohio.edu/issue14/health_training.html
The rapid advance of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in low and middle
income countries has created an unprecedented opportunity to change the way that pre-
service and in-service education of health care workers is delivered. There have been
ample demonstrations of the utility of ICT in health education/training but from the au-
thors’ observation point, little effort has been made to learn systematically from these
very promising ICT experiences and to mainstream ICT best practices.
Education
Global Report on Adult Learning and Education
by Manzoor Ahmed, John Aitchison, Hassana Alidou et al.

UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, 2009
157 pp. 1.9 MB:

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001864/186431e.pdf
The Report finds that in industrialized countries, adult education policies are informed by
a lifelong learning perspective and integrated into other policy portfolios. But globally,
successful coordination of a wide range of stakeholders is rare. Adult educators all too
often suffer from low status and remuneration, affecting the quality and sustainability of
programmes. Sufficient, predictable and well-targeted funding is more the exception
than the rule.
***
Child-Led School Health Education Programs
Written by Catholic Relief Services (CRS)/Ghana Education Team, 2009
40 pp. 482 kB:

http://crsprogramquality.org/pubs/education/edhowto_ghana.pdf
This document explores the ways that children can be mobilized as lead-
ers in the effort to create more healthful school environments and communities. The
guide also describes the need for effective partnerships among schools, community
groups, and ministries and other government service providers. These are important to
leveraging the enthusiasm of the students for school health and creating a foundation
for long term sustainability.

Financing Education in Kenya: Expenditures, Outcomes and the Role of
International Aid
by Wycliffe Otieno and Christopher Colclough

Kenyatta University and University of Cambridge, 2009
95 pp. 1.0 MB:

http://recoup.educ.cam.ac.uk/publications/Kenyafinancingpaper.pdf
This paper analyses educational expenditures in Kenya over the past two decades,
comparing these with changes in enrolments and outputs from the education system.
While there is a direct relationship between public financing policy and participation in
education, the positive outcomes in the sector cannot be directly attributed to external
aid. Though aid has played its part, the major stimulus to sector improvement has been
internal.
***
Transparency in education in Eastern Europe
by Arūnas Plikšnys, Sylvia Kopnicka, Liliya Hrynevych, Constantine

Palicarsky
UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) and the
Open Society Institute (OSI), 2009
103 pp. 570 kB:

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001864/186429e.pdf
This booklet focuses on transparency in education in four European countries: Lithua-

nia, Slovakia, Ukraine, and Bulgaria. More specifically, it deals with practical steps that
can be taken to improve the education system in the respective countries.
***
Focus on Education: Good Practice in Cost Sharing and Financing in

Higher Education
by Victor Levine, Myla Bonto Imelda Marquez et al.

Asian Development Bank, 2009
69 pp. 1.9 MB:

http://zunia.org/uploads/media/knowledge/Good-Practice-Cost-
Sharing-Financing-Educ1262064961.pdf
Higher education will have increasing importance in channeling human resources to

support social development and economic growth but faces resource constraints and
competing priorities. This good practice guide focuses on policy options, strategies, and
practical tools for identifying and obtaining information to feed into country-specific dia-
logue concerning funding shortfalls and innovative methods of higher education finance,
including partnerships with the private sector.
***
Preventing Violence in Schools

An international perspective and the role of Health and Family Life Education (HFLE) in
the Caribbean

by Cheryl Vince Whitman
Education Development Center, Inc., 2009
20 pp. 328 kB:

http://hhd.org/sites/hhd.org/files/preventing-violence-in-schools.pdf
This document describes an effective approach to preventing violence in educational

settings. The whole school approach to violence prevention uses well-coordinated
strategies that draw on every facet of school life policies, health and mental health ser-
vices, the physical and psycho-social environment, and skills-based curricula. The
strategies presented are relevant and applicable to schools worldwide.
Harm Reduction and Drug Use
Global Voices: Rebutting the tobacco industry, winning smokefree air 2009
Status Report
by Tanith Muller
Global Smokefree Partnership, November 2009
57 pp. 4.2 MB:

http://www.globalsmokefree.com/gsp/ficheiro/GV_report_09.pdf
The biggest barrier to smokefree air is the multinational tobacco companies who stand
to lose billions of dollars if smokefree laws are implemented. From fake “science” to buy-
ing influence, and from scare stories to cover-ups, tobacco companies continue to de-
vote their considerable wealth to stopping smokefree laws in every region of the world.
This is the first report to detail the tobacco industry’s tactics to hold back legislation,
alongside the positive impact of governments, organizations and individuals who are
taking on Big Tobacco, and winning.
***
“Where Darkness Knows No Limits”

Incarceration, Ill-Treatment and Forced Labor as Drug Rehabilitation in China
Human Rights Watch, January 2010
42 pp. 479 kB:

http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/china0110webwcover.pdf
This report, based on research in Yunnan and Guangxi provinces,

documents how China’s June 2008 Anti-Drug Law compounds the health risks of sus-
pected illicit drug users by allowing government officials and security forces to incarcer-
ate them for up to seven years in “treatment” centers. The report calls on the Chinese
government to immediately close these centers and develop genuinely therapeutic, vol-
untary, community-based, outpatient drug dependency treatment alternatives.
Millennium Development Goals
Learning to Speak MDGs: A Guide to the Millennium Development Goals

2nd Edition

by Monika Rahman, Sonu Chhina, Tanya Baker et al.
The Youth Coalition, 2009
23 pp. 992 kB:

http://www.youthcoalition.org/site08/attachs/LearningtoSpeakMDGs_2ed.pdf
This comprehensive guide is a useful tool for young activists to under-

stand the MDGs in a broad development framework, and also for indi-
viduals and organizations who work within the MDG context to incorpo-
rate a youth perspective. It provides a background of the origins of the MDGs and what
they mean. It analyzes the link between sexual and reproductive health and rights and
development; and reviews the current level of youth participation within strategies to
achieve the MDGs.
Development Assistance
EU Blue Book 2008: European Union Development Cooperation Activities

in Nicaragua
Created by Development Gateway, 2009
59 pp. 5.5 MB:

http://nic.odadata.eu/resources/Bluebook_2008_en.pdf
ODAnic is the online database of Official Development Assistance (ODA) from devel-
opment partners to Nicaragua. Funded through support from DFID and the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Denmark, ODAnic was created in response to the Paris Declaration
on Aid Effectiveness, which advocates stronger coordination of donor activities and bet-
ter alignment of aid with the poverty reduction strategy of the Government of Nicaragua.
Originally a tool for EU donors, in the spirit of increasing aid harmonization, ODAnic now
contains information on assistance from the entire donor community in Nicaragua.
***
Thailand Official Development Assistance (ODA) Report 2007-2008
by Charles N. Myers, Apinan Phatharathiyanon, Banchong Amornchewin

Thailand International Development Cooperation Agency, 2009
60 pp. 3.1 MB:

http://www.undp.or.th/resources/documents/ThailandODAReport.pdf
This report on Thai ODA is the first comprehensive report to the Thai
people, to Thai officials and to the international community about how much Thai ODA is
provided, the purposes of the aid, and why the aid is given.
***
An Appeal to Aid Specialists
by Keith Horton
Development Policy Review, 2010, 28 (1): 27-42
16 pp. 196 kB:


The author appeals to aid specialists to do more to help those of us who are not aid
specialists to find out how good or bad the effects of the work of aid agencies are. Doing
so would be helpful to those of us who are struggling to determine whether or not we
should give to aid agencies. And if the effects of at least certain types of aid are good
enough, doing so also seems likely to lead to higher donations, which would benefit the
global poor.
***
From Development to Human Development: Tool for Applying the Human

Development Perspective
by Anuradha Rajivan, Sarah Burd-Sharps, Aparna Basnyat

UNDP Regional Centre for Asia Pacific, Colombo Office, December 2009
14 pp. 4.2 MB:

http://www2.undprcc.lk/resource_centre/pub_pdfs/P1117.pdf
This tool aims to develop skills to apply a human development lens to issues. It is a first
step in operationalising the human development approach in shaping policies and pro-
grammes. The human development approach keeps people at the centre (rather than,
for example, GDP per capita) and their quality of life as the ultimate aim. The human
development perspective is fully consistent with the human rights approach – accep-
tance of the universality of human rights (rather than particular rights for selected per-
sons) is the backbone for arguing for a people centered approach.
***
Financing for Development and Women Rights: A Critical Review
by Carmen de la Cruz
WIDE, Globalising Gender Equality and Social Justice, 2009
35 pp. 360 kB:

http://62.149.193.10/wide/download/financingfordevelopment200
9translationcarmendelacruz.pdf?id=995
The publication reviews the current debates about development, as well as the back-
ground for this new aid architecture, and analyses the international frameworks for fi-
nancing for development and women rights, as well as governments’ commitments for
resources. It also summarises and analyses all the contributions to the aid effectiveness
agenda from a gender perspective.
***
Development without Conflict: The Business Case for Community Consent
by Jonathan Sohn, Steven Herz, Antonio la Vina

World Resources Institute, 2007; ISBN 978-1-56973-644-9
70 pp. 2.2 MB:

http://pdf.wri.org/development_without_conflict_fpic.pdf
This report examines the premise that the informed consent of a community affected by
development projects, either public or private, makes good business sense. It argues
that the risks created by not obtaining community consent are significant and quantifi-
able, as are the benefits obtained with meaningful consultation.

Others
The Global Health System: Actors, Norms, and Expectations in Transition
by Nicole A. Szlezák, Barry R. Bloom, Dean T. Jamison et al.

PLoS Med 7(1): e1000183 (5 January 2009)
4 pp. 349 kB:

http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=16DA040FBD623EC110A8
B4B3DC15FAA8?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000183&representation=PDF
The authors present a series of four papers on one dimension of the global health tran-
sition: its changing institutional arrangements. They define institutional arrangements
broadly to include both the actors (individuals and/or organizations) that exert influence
in global health and the norms and expectations that govern the relationships among
them. The rise of multiple new actors in the system creates challenges for coordination
but, more fundamentally, raises tightly linked questions about the roles various organi-
zations should play, the rules by which they play, and who sets those rules.
***
Global Health Justice
by Jennifer Prah Ruger

Public Health Ethics, Vol. 2, Nr. 3 (November 1, 2009) pp. 261-275
15 pp. 172 kB:

http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1516371_code670462.pdf?ab
stractid=1502810&mirid=1
The burden of disease falls unequally upon the world’s peoples. Global health inequali-
ties in adult and child mortality are large and growing. At the same time, globalization of-
fers prospects for improving health worldwide through the creation of global public
health goods, better transfer of medical and public health knowledge and technology,
and the sharing of best practices, medical treatments, and health promotion and preven-
tion strategies. Addressing health inequalities and threats requires effective international
action entailing essential global health functions beyond individual states’ capacities.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
Bulletin of the World Health Organization (BLT)
Volume 88, Number 1, January 2010, 1-80
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/88/1/en/index.html
IN THIS MONTH’S BULLETIN

Spain: Hydatid disease costs millions; China: Health reform targets vul-
nerable; Viet Nam: Mortality statistics are vital; Viet Nam: Multiple types
of abuse and mental health; Zimbabwe: Tuberculosis screenings; Senegal: Water woes
in holy city; South Africa: Breast is always best; Malnutrition and mortality; Change
needed for hepatitis B vaccines?; Mixed health systems syndrome; Mapping preterm
birth rates
***

The International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine -
Vol. 1, No. 1 (2010)
This quarterly medical journal is the official publication of National Ira-

nian Oil Company (NIOC) Health Organization
http://www.theijoem.com/ijoem/index.php/ijoem
The IJOEM is a peer-reviewed publication which will publish articles relevant to epide-
miology, prevention, diagnosis, and management of occupational and environmental
diseases. It will also cover work-related injury and illness, accident and illness preven-
tion, health promotion, health education, the establishment and implementation of health
and safety standards, monitoring of the work environment, and the management of rec-
ognized hazards.
INTERESTING WEB SITES

The Africa4All Project
http://www.africa4all-project.eu/
The Africa4All project will provide the participating African countries of Kenya, Lesotho,
Namibia, Tanzania and Uganda with an information and communication technologies
(ICT) solutions that will enable citizens and politicians to better appreciate the impact of
legislation, making the complex political debate meaningful and interesting for all citi-
zens.
***
2010: The Year of the Lung
http://www.yearofthelung.org/
The year 2010 was declared as “Year of the Lung” to recognize that
hundreds of millions of people around the world suffer each year from
treatable and preventable chronic respiratory diseases. This initiative acknowledges that
lung health has long been neglected in public discourses, and understands the need to
unify different health advocates behind one purpose of lung health.
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Reproductive Health Services and HIV/AIDS: New Evidence and Strategy
22nd February - 5th March, 2010

Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany
Course Content: Overview on the concept of SRH and the changes and adaptations it
has undergone from Cairo to the MDGs and their impact on the international developing
agenda. Methods for improving and managing RH in the health system with a focus on
appropriate indicators, planning process and service provision, the role of PMTCT and
ART in relation to SRH, implemental issues related to safe motherhood.
Target Audience: Public health practitioners, medical doctors, nurses, policy makers,
programme/project planners, managers, paramedical staff, social scientists, educators.

Language: English; Fees: EUR 1,500
Entry Requirements: English proficiency, experience in public health
For more information contact:
Tel.: +49-6221-56-5038
Fax: +49-6221-56-5948
mailto:petersen@uni-hd.de
or see: http://www.klinikum.uni-heidelberg.de/ReproHealth.108374.0.html?&FS=
For more courses and conferences see also:

http://www.going-international.at/index.php?lang=EN
CARTOON
Travel experience
TIPS & TRICKS

Is it okay to run more than one antivirus programme at the same time?
The most simple answer is: "No, it is not okay to run more than one antivirus pro-
gramme at the same time."
It makes sense that we, as computer users, assume that if we have more than one anti-
virus programme on our computers, we will be better protected from outside threats. We
might think that if one of them doesn’t catch something, the other surely will. This just is
not true. Using more than one programme (or even multiple versions of the same one)
will likely cause you some problems. Here are two of the biggest ones:
1.) You will use up too many resources on your computer. Doing this will more than
likely slow your system down and it will truly affect your computer’s performance.
2.) You could receive false virus alerts. Some antivirus programmes work by using an
actual virus to detect another one on your computer. So, if you have more than one
piece of software running at the same time, each programme will think the other is a vi-
rus. The two programmes will conflict in many ways, but this is one of the majors.
If after uninstalling one of the two programmes from your computer you still don’t think

you are going to be protected enough, just make sure you keep your virus definitions up
to date and keep everything clean. Run your virus scans on a weekly basis as well. If
you do all that, you will be just fine with only one antivirus programme.
***
Windows XP to Windows 7 Upgrade Problems
If you have got a Windows XP machine at home and

you are looking to upgrade it to Windows 7, there is
something you should know before you hit the install
button. It turns out that Microsoft does not support
what they call an “in-place” upgrade for Windows XP, meaning that Windows 7, upon in-
stall, will erase all of your old data and put all of your programmes into a “Windows.old”
file folder.
To avoid re-installing all your programmes from scratch you can use third party soft-
ware, like PC Mover, which has a special “Upgrade Assistant” that will transfer all of
your files and programmes over without all the hassle or disappointments looking for
your old CDs and serial numbers. The programme costs about US$ 20 and can be
bought at: http://www.laplink.com/pcmover/pcmoverupgradeassistant.html
Best regards,
Dieter Neuvians MD
Fair Use:
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Disclaimer:
The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GTZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes.
While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GTZ and the editor of the
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Health, Education, Social Protection News &amp; Notes 01/2010

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Health, Education, Social Protection

News & Notes 01/2010

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 4

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 1

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 19

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 20

TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 21

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 2

Edited by Jon Magnussen, Karsten Vrangbaek and Richard B. Saltman

Education For All Global Monitoring Report 2009

by Rashid Ahmed, Samer Al-Samarrai, Nadir Altinok et al.

479 pp. 9.3 MB:

Deep-rooted inequalities persist in education, condemning millions of children in the

Social Watch Report 2009

Edited by Roberto Bissio and Amir Hamed

215 pp. 5.8 MB:

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 3

Global Trends in AIDS Mortality

by John Bongaarts, François Pelletier, and Patrick Gerland

25 pp. 401 kB:

Priority Interventions: HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in the

World Health Organization HIV/AIDS Department, Version 1.2 – April

134 pp. 1.3 kB:

The publication defines the essential interventions the health sector

The fields of HIV and disability: past, present and future

by Jill Hanass-Hancock and Stephanie A Nixon

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 4

by Johanna Kehler, Michaela Clayton and Tyler Crone

10 pp. 498 kB:

Extra-marital sexual partnerships and male friendships in rural Malawi

30 pp. 592 kB:

Extra-marital sexual partnerships (EMSPs) are a major route of HIV/AIDS transmission

Changes in HIV-Related Knowledge and Behaviors in Sub-Saharan Africa

by Vinod Mishra, Praween Agrawal, Soumya Alva et al.

133 pp. 6.3 MB:

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 5

UNDP HIV/AIDS Practice Team, Regional Centre Colombo

39 pp. 1.1 MB:

Sexual & Reproductive Health

Integrating Youth Reproductive Health and Family Planning into HIV/AIDS

4 pp. 475 kB:

Community Involvement in Youth Reproductive Health and HIV Prevention

by Peggy Tipton, William Finger and Kathleen Henry Shears

4 pp. 184 kB:

The Female Condom in Ghana

by Reshma Neik and Martha Brady

24 pp. 773 kB:

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 6

Explaining Sexual Violence in Conflict Situations

67 pp. 1.4 MB:

Maternal & Child Health

Fatal Flaws: Barriers to Maternal Health in Peru

Amnesty International Publications, July 2009

52 pp. 5.1 MB:

Exploring the determinants of unsafe abortion: improving the evidence

by Angelica Sousa, Rafael Lozano and Emmanuela Gakidou

11 pp. 180 kB:

HESP-News & Notes - 01/2010 - page 7

49 pp. 334 kB:

Determining and addressing obstacles to the effective use of long-lasting

by Maria Widmar, Courtney J Nagel, Deborah Y Ho et al.

23 pp. 337 kB:

The impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission in

by Solomon Kibret, Yihenew Alemu, Eline Boelee et al.

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 01/2010

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 01/2010