INTRODUCTION TO MOTHERBOARD

A computer has many components, each with their own roles and functions.
The role of the motherboard is to allow all these components to communicate
with each other. Considering the fact that all the other components are
installed on the motherboard or connected to it, it is safe to say that the
motherboard is the central piece of a PC, the component that brings it all
together.

Processor Socket
The processor socket is the central piece of a motherboard, usually being located near
the center of the motherboard. Its also the central piece because it holds the processor
the brain of your computer.
Northbridge and Southbridge
A square metal component somewhere in the lower-right part of the board. This metal
component is actually a heatsink, and its role is to provide thermal protection for the

Northbridge one of the most important components of a motherboard. The

Northbridge is responsible for coordinating the data flow between the memory, the
video card and the processor.
A secondary chip, known as Southbridge, has a similar function, coordinating the data
flow between the processor and peripherals such as sound cards or network cards.
RAM SLOTS
A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot is what allows computer memory (RAM)
to be inserted into the computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be 2 to
4 memory slots (sometimes more on high-end motherboards) and are what determine
the type of RAM used with the computer. The most common types of RAM
are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers .
Front Panel Connectors, USB Headers and Audio Header
The front panel connector is where all the elements present on the front of your case
are connected. Power button, reset button, power led, audio connectors and USB
connectors they are all connected to the front panel or the corresponding headers.
BIOS Chip and Battery
The BIOS chip contains the basic code needed to take computer through the boot
process, up to the point where the operating system takes over. Since the BIOS code is
stored on a memory chip that needs constant power to function, a battery is also
present to keep the chip powered when the computer is unplugged.
CMOS BATTERY
Supplies power to store BIOS settings and keep the real-time clock running.
Video Card Slot or AGP PORT

Short for Accelerated Graphics Port, AGP is an advanced port designed for Video cards
and 3D accelerators. Designed by Intel and introduced in August of 1997, AGP
introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller
direct access the system. High-end gaming motherboards come with multiple video
card slots, allowing the installation of multiple video cards in a SLI or CrossFire
configuration.
PCI SLOTS
PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect
Slot for older expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards, connector cards.
PC1 EXPRESS*1 SLOTS
Slot for modern expansion cards such as sound cards, network cards (Wi-Fi, Ethernet,
Bluetooth), connector cards (USB, FireWire, eSATA) and certain low-end graphics
cards.
IDE CONNECTOR
Connects to older hard drive disks and optical drives for data transfer.
STRUCTURE OF MOTHERBOARD

MOTHERBOARD OF HP ProBook 4440s

MOTHERBOARD OF P7H55 MLX

CPU-Z is a freeware system profiler (system monitor) application for Microsoft Windows
(for all versions from Windows XP on) and Android that detects the central processing
unit, RAM, motherboard chipset, and other hardware features of a modern personal
computer, and presents the information in one window.