Energy Efficient Infrastructure for

More Resilient Local Economies

Princeton University Campus Microgrid

April 2013, 562 Dirksen Senate Office Building
Edward Ted Borer, PE
etborer@princeton.edu
International District Energy Association

Environmental and Energy Study Institute

Energy Demands at Princeton

~ 180 Buildings
Academic
Research
Administrative
Residential
Athletic

Energy Equipment & Peak Demands

Electricity

(1) Gas Turbine Generator

Solar Photovoltaic System

Steam Generation

(1) Heat Recovery Boiler

(2) Auxiliary Boilers

Rating

15 MW
5 MW

Peak Demand
27 MW

180,000 #/hr
300,000 #/hr

240,000 #/hr

(3) Steam-Driven Chillers

(5) Electric Chillers

10,100 Tons
10,700 Tons

13,800 Tons

(1) Thermal Storage Tank

*peak discharge

40,000 Ton-hours
10,000 tons (peak)

Chilled Water Production

Plant Energy Flows

Solar PV
Electricity

PSEG
Electricity
Electricity
Natural Gas

#2 Diesel
Fuel Oil

Gas Turbine
&
HRSG

Backpressure
Turbines

Steam
Duct Burner &
HRSG
Chilled Water
&
Thermal Storage
Systems

Biodiesel
Fuel Oil
Auxiliary
Boilers

Chilled
Water

Campus Energy
Users

Combined Cycle Cogeneration

Fuel &
Water

Air

Power
Turbine
Gearbox

Gas Turbine

Electric
Generator

Hot exhaust Gas

CO Catalyst

Feed Water

Heat
Recovery
Boiler

Exhaust Gas
Steam

AC
Electricity

Campus District Energy Systems

Campus Power, Generated & Purchased

August 30, 2012
20

18

16

14

Megawatts

12

Charlton St Import MW

10

Elm Drive Import MW

CoGen Output MW

West Windsor PV Output MW

6

12:00
AM

1:00
AM

2:00
AM

3:00
AM

4:00
AM

5:00
AM

6:00
AM

7:00
AM

8:00
AM

9:00
AM

10:00 11:00 12:00

AM
AM
PM

1:00
PM

2:00
PM

3:00
PM

4:00
PM

5:00
PM

6:00
PM

7:00
PM

8:00
PM

9:00
PM

10:00 11:00
PM
PM

Purchased Power and Power Price

August 30, 2012
20

100

18

90
Total Campus Import, MW

16

Total Campus Imported Power, Megawatts

PSEG LMP + Delivery, $/MWH

14

70

12

60

10

50

40

30

20

10

12:00 AM

2:00 AM

4:00 AM

6:00 AM

8:00 AM

10:00 AM

12:00 PM

2:00 PM

4:00 PM

6:00 PM

8:00 PM

10:00 PM

12:00 AM

PSEG Locational Marginal Price & Delivery, $/MWH

80

Economic Dispatch
ICETEC Expert system recommends economic dispatch
of all major assets

20

Campus Power During

Hurricane Sandy
Campus Demand MW
Gen Output MW

18

Charlton Street Purchased MW

Backpressure Turbine MW

16

Solar PV MW
Elm Drive Purchased MW

Megawatts

14

12

10

0
29-Oct

30-Oct

31-Oct

1-Nov

Must Do
For Microgrid Reliability

Base-load generators behind the meter

Ability to run isochronous (off the grid)
Black start capability
Load-shed capability

Make Life Better Every Day

CHP or combined cycle

not necessary in emergency response

make the equipment more cost-effective
Run more often, thus more reliable
Most problems happen in non-emergency situations

Permitting for non-emergency use

not necessary for emergency response

more cost-effective by increasing capacity factor
run more often, thus more reliable
usually adds emissions controls

Energy storage
Underground utility distribution

Hurricane Sandy Student Video

http://youtu.be/WtjIj91imSQ

Net Result Of
Cogeneration and District Energy
Results Delivered
High efficiency
Clean
Low Carbon Footprint
Low Life-Cycle Cost
Reliable
Resilient
Grid support

Applicability
Universities
Healthcare
Military bases
Cities
Industries, e.g.,
pharmaceutical and refining

Thank you