Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas

CONSEJERA DE EDUCACIN

Comunidad de Madrid

CLAVES COMPRENSIN ORAL NIVEL AVANZADO

TASK ONE: OLIVES AND ORANGES

1. B

2. B

3. B

4. B

5. B

6. B

7. B

8. A

TASK TWO: THE REAL MEANING OF NURSERY RHYMES

10.

SEX, DEATH
AND CRUELTY

11. 200 YEARS

12. CATHOLIC

THE FARMERS
(of England)

13. 12TH CENTURY

14.

16. TAXES

17. BIRDS

15. MASTER
18. THE MAID

TASK THREE: HEALTH NEWS

19. C

20. J

21. D

22. E

23. H

24. I

25. F

9. A

TRANSCRIPCIONES
TASK 1: OLIVES AND ORANGES
Interviewer: We end this hour with a taste of the Mediterranean. The new cook book Olives and
Oranges offers recipes as simple as its title. Dishes like spagettini with burst cherry tomatoes and
roasted red peppers with garlic and celery leaves.
New York chef, Sarah Jenkins, found inspiration for her cook book in the taste memories of her
childhood. Sarah Jenkins grew up living and eating all across Italy, Spain, France, Lebanon and
Cyprus. The daughter of a noted food writer, her mother, and a foreign correspondent, her father,
now with NPRs foreign desk.
As a chef, Sarah Jenkins has fashioned her cooking style around recollections from that childhood
abroad.
Sarah Jenkins: My parents loved to eat, they loved to go out, you know, in France they loved to go
to fine restaurants and small restaurants and one of my earliest memories is eating in Paris and it
must have been the local Bistro on our street and we ate there, I dont know, 5 nights a week,
something like that, and I was infatuated with escargots, that is what I ate. It was the Mediterranean
and even though they were working, there seemed to have been lots of sitting at restaurants by the
sea shore and eating fresh fish and shopping in markets and buying things from local villagers. It was
just an abundance of, of very fresh food, uncomplicated cooking and lots of olive oil.
Interviewer: You speak of fresh figs, sun kissed figs, is how you describe them, right of the tree.
Sarah Jenkins: Aha, you know, its something I still miss. I, I have a hard time actually buying figs
in a store because, to me, nothing tastes so amazing as a fresh fig on a tree. And I live in Astoria
Queens now and theres a lot of odd Greek families with figs on their trees that are just starting to
ripen and I, I hate to say it but I keep plotting to come down in the middle of the night and start
clipping figs off their trees.
Interviewer: (laughter) Your cook book is titled Olives and oranges. Why dont we start, in a way
backwards, with an orange part of the meal? Its a recipe for red onions cooked in orange juice.
Sarah Jenkins: Its kind of a play on a classic Italian dish of sweet-and-sour onion, cipollini in
agrodolce. The onions are sort of brown to become sweet and then cooked out in vinegar and cooked

very slowly so that the sweetness comes out of the onion. In this case I just substituted, I think I
found some beautiful red onions one day and may be we had oranges in the house instead of vinegar
and so I made it that way and I loved it, it was beautiful, the colours were, were really vibrant and
vivid.
Interviewer: And then you can use this in a whole bunch of different ways!

Sarah Jenkins: Mhumm, could be an appetizer by itself, you could put it on a piece of grilled bread
or toast, you could use it as an accompaniment to roasted meats.
Interviewer: Just a moment ago you talked about of developing a love for escargots, but in this
cook book you actually offer something thats not so much about the snails, but about the butter that
traditionally goes on them. You have a recipe for snail butter.
Sarah Jenkins: Yeah, I mean going back to France as a young adult or as an adult. I was obviously
always again tempted by the escargots, sort of this comfort memory. And they rarely taste that good.
Theyre sort of rubbery and bland usually. And I started to realise that its really odd about the butter.
Interviewer: So the butter is now, everybody that has heard of escargots knows its green.
Sarah Jenkins: Its garlic and parsley and a lot of parsley and butter all kind of whipped together in
a, I mean you can do it by hand with soft butter or you can do it in a cuisinard. Sometimes I like to

put a little lemon zest in with it too, cause it picks things up and adds a little spark and a little pinch of
salt, thats it!
Interviewer: Thats the butter. Well, I think weve reached the point where dessert is a nice thing to
be thinking about and that gets us to olives or in a sense olives , because (laughter) one of the
desserts you have which is quite lovely and seems very Mediterranean, is Lemon olive oil cake.
Sarah Jenkins: One of the things I love about Italy and the Mediterranean, I suppose, they are not
huge desserts eaters, they dont eat a big slab of chocolate cake after dinner, but they love sugar for
breakfast and this cake is really often served as a breakfast cake with a cup of coffee. Its really like a
pound cake using olive oil as the fat instead of butter and using, in this case, yoghurt as your liquid,
you might more commonly use milk, eggs, flour, the requisite baking powder, baking soda and again I
like to put the zest of lemons in there, you could put oranges, I dont know, I think oranges or lemons
would pretty much be it.
Interviewer: You know, having worked on this cook book, is there a memory that speaks to the
whole sort of fragrance and flavour that you are trying to offer here.
Sarah Jenkins: it might be the smell of the Mediterranean in he summer when theres all kinds of
weeds growing, wild oreganos and wild fennel and theres this intense sort of perfume as you drive
along the coast, between a little bit of salt air and a little bit of wild herbs and its really dry and hot
and that just makes me feel like I need to give it all up and move back there every time I think about
it.
Interviewer: Thats a big difference than New York City.
Sarah Jenkins: It is.
Interviewer: Sarah Jenkins, thank you very much for talking with us.
Sarah Jenkins: Well, thank you for having me.
(Music)
Interviewer: Sarah Jenkins with co-author Mindy Fox is out with Olives and Oranges: Recipes and
Flavour Secrets from Italy, Spain, Cyprus, and Beyond. You can follow the recipes, youve just heard
by going to npr.org. This is morning edition from NPR news. Im Renee Montaigne.
NPR journalist: And Im Steve Enskeep.

TASK 2: THE REAL MEANING OF NURSERY RHYMES

Interviewer: London librarian Chris Roberts was moonlighting as a walking tour guide when he
discovered that nursery rhymes had juicy histories. Now hes compiled those tales into a book its
called Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind the Rhyme. Welcome, Chris.
Chris Roberts: Thank you.
Interviewer: I want to read the first line from the introduction in your book... here it is... It should
come as no surprise that nursery rhymes are full of sex, death and cruelty. Now, really, that does
come to somewhat of a surprise to me.
Chris Roberts: Ill pick a... Ill pick an obvious one, Ding Dong bell / Pussy in the well / Who put her
in? / Little Johnny Thin. Its quite clearly the tale of a little boy putting a cat in a, in a well. So some
are more blatantly cruel, others are more coded in their meanings, its to do with words in English
changing the meaning over time, its to do with changing assumptions of what we think of as
childhood. Childhood is a relatively recent phenomena, certainly over the last couple of hundred years,
that children are seen as very separate from adults. So there would be no reason in the past not to
have what would now be considered adult things in rhymes that children could hear and, and sing.
Interviewer: Well, lets get to a little sex and debauchery from your book. Er, Goosey Goosey

Gander, why dont you recite that for us first?

Chris Roberts: Goosey goosey gander / Where shall I wander? / Upstairs and downstairs / And in

my lady's chamber / There I met an old man / Who wouldn't say his prayers / So I took him by the
left leg / And threw him down the stairs. Where do I begin with this? Now ah, this, this rhyme is

quite an interesting theres a number of theories about this rhyme, one is that it ties into Henry VIII
and his taking land from the Catholic Church. There were, there were two prongs to Henrys, Henrys
attack, one was he took the land, the other was a propaganda offensive and this rhyme becomes part
of that. The not saying the prayers bit is relating to the new English Prayer Book that was a
Protestant prayer book. And the left leg is er... I dont know if this works in America actually, but in, in
England left leg or leg footer is a term for Catholic. So there, there you have the rhyme linking the
Catholic Church to immoral acts.
Interviewer: So from sex to religion to taxes, why dont we go?
Chris Roberts: Why dont we, yes...
Interviewer: We talked a little bit at the beginning of our conversation about Bah Bah Black Sheep.
Im going to recite this one: Bah Bah Black Sheep / have you any wool / Yes sir, yes sir / Three bags

full / One for the master / And one for the dame / And one for the little boy / Who lives down the
lane. I guess I can see that this would have something to do with paying taxes, but not really...
Chris Roberts: This is quite an old rhyme, actually; this goes back to the 12th century at least, and
the wealth of England was very much based on wool, and Bah Bah Black Sheep was a lament from
the farmers of England, who in the rhyme are represented by the little boy. The other two figures in
the rhyme, the master and the dame, are... the master is the King, or the Kings representatives, the
local nobility whod collect revenue on behalf of the King. And the dame is the Church, they have
these very punitive tax rates of 66 percents, third to the Church, third to the King and the third left for
the poor little farmer.
Interviewer: Next, can you read us Sing A Song Of Sixpence?
Chris Roberts: Sing A Song Of Sixpence / A pocket full of rye / Four and twenty blackbirds / Baked

in a pie / When the pie was opened / The birds began to sing / Now wasn't that a dainty dish / To set
before the king? / The king was in his counting house / Counting out his money / The queen was in
the parlour / Eating bread and honey / The maid was in the garden / Hanging out the clothes / When
along came a blackbird / And snipped off her nose. Now, er, potentially the... certainly the first part, is

just a description of a meal, about baking... baking birds in a pie. And, er, the whistling of the steam
when the pie is cooked. The other theory again is relating to Henry VIII...
Interviewer: Again?

Chris Roberts: ...more specifically I know, again! This is, is the golden age of nursery rhymes in
Britain where they... from basically Henry VIIIs time, which is 16th century, to the Tudor monarchs
to the end of the Stuarts, which is a couple of hundred years later, and, er, it was a time when
England was sorting itself out religiously, it was a time of religious wars, it was a time of great
divisions in society, we had our own civil war during that period, and a lot of the rhymes seem to
come from that time, it seems to be a great flowering of, for English folk song. But the theory with
the counting house bit is that the maid is Anne Boleyn, whos Henrys second wife, and that the queen
is his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. And its telling the story that the first queen is off in the parlour,
kind of out of the action, and that the second queen, who Henry divorced, and then executed, has her
nose snipped off by the blackbirds, which here apparently represent the church.
Interviewer: Well, Chris Roberts, well be coming back to you in the coming weeks for some more
reasons behind the rhymes. Thank you.
Chris Roberts: Thank you very much.

TASK 3: HEALTH NEWS

EXAMPLE
Steve Enskeep: Im Steve Enskeep, good morning, lets get up to date now on this years Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine. It goes to scientists who made a couple of separate discoveries about

the ways that viruses cause serious illnesses. Those illnesses are AIDS and cancer of the cervix. Were
gonna hear more now from NPRs Richard Knox, whos covering the announcement. Richard, good
morning.
Richard Knox: Good morning.
Steve Enskeep: Lets start with these two French scientists who won for their work on HIV, the virus
that causes AIDS. What did they learn that hadnt been learned?
Richard Knox: Well, there were two groups, the one in France and one in America, who both
claimed to discover the AIDS virus back in the early 80s. The other half goes to, a German Scientist,
Harald zur Hausen and he did a long series of experiments beginning in the 1970s that established
theres a whole variety of a whole family of viruses called human papiloma viruses that in fact
some of which cause cancer of the cervix.
EXTRACT 1
Male presenter: If youre in your car and maybe thinking about making a phone call
Female presenter: Hold on a minute, long enough at least for these experts to remind you that
what youre about to do is a bad idea.
Male presenter: Driving requires a surprising amount of brain power. Out on the road we have to
process huge amounts of visual information, predict the actions of other drivers and coordinate
precise movements of our hands and feet. Marcel Just, a neuroscientist at Carnegie Mellon University
says thats why people learning to drive dont do anything else. But that changes with experience.
Over time, the brain rewires itself to get the job done very efficiently. Scientists call this phenomenon
automaticity. It lets us do one thing while focusing on something else. In other words, it helps us to
multi-task. So if the brain is so good at this, why not chat on the cell phone while driving?
EXTRACT 2
Female presenter: A new survey has uncovered a little secret of American doctors: many prescribe
pills that dont have any specific effect on the illness of the patient. In other words, placebos,
harmless pills that the patient is supposed to think are real medicine. NPRs Richard Knox, has more.
Richard Knox: Placebos are common in medical research, but the new survey is about placebos in
everyday medical care without patients knowledge. The idea is that the patient thinks the pill will
help, it might. The AMA says that doctors who want to use placebos they should tell patients that one
or more of the pills theyre getting is not specifically designed for their illness, but some have found it
helpful. Studies have shown that placebos sometimes do help people who expect them to work. It
shows that American doctors understand that the mind plays a big role in healing and thats not a bad
thing.
EXTRACT 3
Female presenter: Vitamin D is important for children as your mum used to say, drinking your milk
makes you strong and healthy. This week the American Academy of Paediatrics stunned the medical
community by saying Children are not getting enough vitamin D and they need to double the previous
recommended daily amount. Here to talk about that is our resident medical expert and practising
paediatrician, Doctor Sydney Spiesel. Syd, welcome back!
Dr. Sydney Spiesel: Thank you, its nice to be here.
Female presenter Well, what prompted this change in the recommended dose of vitamin D?
Dr. Sydney Spiesel Well, this has been coming for a long time. The function of vitamin D is that it
promotes the absorption of calcium from food and the way you get hard, strong bones is to have both
adequate calcium in your diet and adequate vitamin D to allow it to be absorbed.
EXTRACT 4
Male presenter: According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly 21 million American
adults, nearly ten per cent of us, suffer from some form of depression. Depression is the major cause
of disability for adults in this country. And each year Americans spend billions of dollars on Antidepressant Medications like Prozac and Paxil. And psychiatrists, say critics, no longer spend much time
in talk-therapy with their patients. Theyve become drug-dispensers. You wanna talk to somebody?

Heres the name of a psychologist. Ive only got 15 minutes on your Health Care Plan. So, whats the
best way to treat depression? One of my guests this hour says, Dont treat it as a disease with drugs
because it is not a disease.
EXTRACT 5
Male presenter: As cold and flu season approaches, the drug makers say they will change their
product labelling for cough and cold formulas. The labels are now cautioning parents against giving
the medicine to children under age four. Paediatricians say home remedies may be better. NPRs Patty
Neighmond reports.
Patty Neighmond: The Food and Drug Administration and the drug industry have been grappling
with safety concerns about cough and cold formulas for over a year. In January the FDA advised
parents not to use the medication with babies. Many paediatricians worried the drugs can cause more
harm than good in older children too. Every year thousands of children end up in hospital ERs with
breathing problems, dizziness and high blood pressure.
EXTRACT 6
Female presenter: Scientists say theyve discovered one reason why overweight people eat more
than they need to and find it so hard to stop. The report comes out tomorrow in the journal Science
and the research involves high-tech brain scans, fancy genetic tests and some chocolate milkshakes.
And weve got some milkshakes too in this story from NPRs Richard Knox.
Richard Knox: Eric Stice, of the Oregon Research Institute, says chocolate is just the thing to
investigate the brains reward system: the circuits that light up when people eat or drink something
tasty. And chocolate milkshakes are ideal. Were used to thinking that overweigh people love to eat
and get more pleasure out of rich treats like ice-cream. The Oregon researchers say this notion is only
half true. Kent Berridge of the University of Michigan says the new research helps explain the
biological difference between wanting and liking.
EXTRACT 7
Male presenter: for heart disease, following the publication of a study earlier this week that
questions whether many people whove had heart surgery actually needed it. Every year about a
million heart patients in this country undergo a procedure called angioplasty, where a doctor inflates a
small balloon that clears a blocked artery and inserts a tiny mesh tube called a stent to keep it open.
The study of more than 2000 patients with non-emergency problems found that outcomes were just
as good with drugs and a healthy lifestyle.
Specialist: Well, its a very important study, er, everybody in the study received the best medical
treatment and lifestyle counselling. Perhaps even more surprising, at one year, three years and five
years, nearly as many patients receiving medicines alone were free of chest pain, er, compared to
those that had actually received the stent.