Surging world oil prices are leading to increasing tensions between the United States and the

Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) as concerns grow in the US over the
impact of the price hikes on the American economy.
The rise in oil prices to $34 per barrelthe highest level in 10 yearshas been cited as one of the
reasons for Tuesday's 374-point fall in Wall Street's Dow Jones Index, the fourth largest ever points
decline and the biggest drop in the market since the Russian default crisis in September 1998.
Rising oil prices prompted a tour by US Energy Secretary Bill Richardson to some of the leading oil
producing countries in a bid to secure increased output but he returned without definite
commitments.
Prices for world oil have risen to the present levels from a 1998 low of $US10 per barrel mainly due
to an agreement reached in March 1999 between OPEC member nations Saudi Arabia, Venezuela,
Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Iran, Iraq and Algeria and by four non-OPEC countries, Mexico,
Russia, Norway and Oman to cut their combined output to arrest the slump in prices.
The agreement has reduced the daily output by around 5 million barrels to some 75 million barrels
compared to world consumption of approximately 77 million barrels.
As far as the oil producing countries are concerned, the price increases are merely compensation for
the massive losses they suffered when prices were cut by half in December 1998.
In a recent interview with the BBC, Rilwana Lukman, the outgoing general secretary of OPEC,
stated that he expected the price of crude oil to stabilise at around US$25 a barrel. He estimated that
the slump a year ago cost the oil producing countries$50-$60 billion in export revenue.
Lukman said the current prices were not unusually high and that three or four years ago they were
around $25-26 per barrel before sliding precipitously to $10.
But with the US economy increasingly dependent on falling raw material prices to hold back
inflation and sustain the stockmarket, the increase in oil priceseven if only to levels which
prevailed in the pasthas sparked nervousness about the economic outlook.
In a recent article entitled Look Out, Oil Power Is Here Again, leadingWashington Post financial
journalist Robert Samuelson pointed out that while higher oil prices alone might not cause a
recession interest rates were also increasing, the stockmarket was drifting lower and that all these
developments could weaken consumer spending, the pillar of America's economic boom.
The article went on to point to the political and military issues that are so intimately bound up with
oil. If prices drifted up from $30 a barrel, Saddam Hussein could demand the end of economic
sanctions against Iraq because the world will need Iraq's oil to maintain price stability.
A confrontation may occur just before the US presidential election. This highlights the true oil
problem. Two thirds of known oil reserves lie in the Middle East. While that is so, catastrophic
disruptions remain a chronic threat. The United States ought to fortify itself against the worst by
expanding its strategic petroleum reserve and prudently discouraging oil use through taxes. Oil
power endures.
The world's two largest economies, the US and Japan are highly dependent on imported oil.
Continuing high oil prices will have a significant impact on both economies, which in turn will
severely affect the world economy. The US currently imports about 55 percent of its consumption
and its own domestic production is said to have fallen in 1999 to its lowest level in 50 years.
Japan imports 99.7 percent of its oil. Economists have attributed Japan's shrinking trade surplus to
the current high oil prices. Its trade surplus decreased more than 30 percent in January according to
Japan's Finance Ministry.
Of major concern in the US is the effect current oil prices will have on economic growth and its
growing balance of payments gap. The stock market boom in the US, which has been central to
domestic growth and the growth of the world economy, has been sustained by low inflation, made
possible in part by falling oil prices.
Last month the US Commerce Department reported that the US trade deficit for the whole of 1999
was a record $271.3 billion, 65 percent more than the previous record of $164.3 billion. Rising oil

prices have already had an impact. Although exports increased by 2.7 percent in 1999, imports rose
by 12 percent, boosted by a 33 percent increase in the dollar value of oil imports.
While the value of the US dollar continues to remain high and the payments gap is still being
covered by the inflow of foreign capital, US financial authorities are aware that it cannot expand
indefinitely. They fear that at a certain point a shock, such as oil price increases, could trigger a slide
in the dollar, threatening interest rate rises and a recession.
These considerations have led to increased tensions between the US and the oil producing countries,
OPEC and non-OPEC. Richardson returned largely empty-handed from his tour, with only Saudi
Arabia, Mexico, Venezuela and Kuwait agreeing to increase output but without making a firm
commitment on production levels or a time frame. Oil industry analysts predict that oil prices will
remain at their present level or may rise leading up to the next OPEC meeting scheduled for March
27 in Vienna.
Demands have been made in the US for President Bill Clinton to release oil into the US market from
the country's Strategic Petroleum Reserves (SPR) to increase levels in order to force prices for
heating oil and gasoline down. However Richardson has opposed these demands.
This is not an emergency supply problem, he said, it's a price problem. We should use the SPR
when it's only dire national emergencies, and this is not a national emergency.
Other forces are looking for stronger action by the US. Last week, the chairman of the US House
International Relations Committee, New York Republican senator Benjamin Gilman said he would
introduce legislation to cut off US assistance and arms sales to OPEC members and other oil
exporting nations that engage in oil price fixing to the detriment of the US economy.
Gilman told a committee hearing on US oil policy: As our dependency on foreign oil has increased
over the past decade, the administration has fallen short, thus far, in its efforts to persuade OPEC and
non OPEC nations alike to moderate their aggressive policies designed to punish oil importing
nations.
This was followed by calls from the chairman of the US House Banking Committee, Republican Jim
Leach of Iowa, for the US and other oil importing nations to file an international anti-trust lawsuit
against OPEC for its price fixing activities.
1. The ASEAN-U.S. Dialogue Relations have been progressing well since its
establishment in 1977. In addition to the exchange of views on political and security matters
in the early stages of the dialogue relations, both sides gave priority to cooperation in
commodities, market and capital access, transfer of technology, development of energy
resources, shipping and food security. In the early 1990s, the focus of development
cooperation between ASEAN and the U.S. was re-oriented with the launching of a
programme approach focusing on trade and investment, technology transfer and human
resources development.
2. Over the years, the Dialogue Relations have rapidly grown and expanded to cover a
wide range of areas, including political and security, economic and trade, social and
cultural, and development cooperation.
A. Political-Security Cooperation
3. The ASEAN-U.S. Dialogue Relations have a strong focus on exchange of views on
political and security issues. The principal focus of the ASEAN-U.S. security dialogue has
been the role of the U.S. in maintaining peace, security and stability in the region. Other
areas of mutual interest include nuclear non-proliferation, maritime security, transnational
crime and cyber security, among others.
4. The U.S. participates in a series of consultative meetings with ASEAN, which includes
the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), the ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting Plus (ADMMPlus), the East Asia Summit (EAS) and the Post Ministerial Conferences (PMCs). The

PMCs mechanism offers an opportunity for the U.S. Secretary of State and the ASEAN
Foreign Ministers to review existing political, security, economic and development
cooperation issues. Periodic dialogue meetings are held at the level of senior officials to
provide a more in-depth review of political and security, economic, functional and
development cooperation activities.
5. ASEAN and the U.S. signed the ASEAN-U.S. Joint Declaration on Cooperation to
Combat International Terrorism on 1 August 2002 in Bandar Seri Begawan. Subsequent to
the signing of the Joint Declaration, both sides adopted a Work Plan to implement the Joint
Declaration. A number of cooperation activities have been identified and implemented
under the Work Plan. Under the ADMM-Plus Framework, the U.S. co-chaired the ADMMPlus Experts Working Group on Counter-Terrorism (EWG on CT) with Indonesia for the
period of 2011-2013, during which a Counter-Terrorism Exercise (CTX) was successfully
conducted on 7-13 September 2013 in Sentul, Indonesia.
6. In an effort to further enhance and strengthen ASEAN-U.S. relations, the Leaders of
both sides issued a Joint Vision Statement on the ASEAN-U.S. Enhanced Partnership on 8
November 2005. A Plan of Action to implement the Join Vision Statement on ASEAN-U.S.
Enhanced Partnership was adopted on 27 July 2006 in Kuala Lumpur by the Foreign
Ministers of ASEAN and the U.S. Secretary of State. Various cooperation activities under
the Plan of Action had been implemented.
7. The U.S. acceded to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia (TAC) at
the ASEAN Post Ministerial Conference (PMC) + 1 Session with the U.S. in Phuket,
Thailand on 22 July 2009. This is a reaffirmation of the U.S. political and security
commitment to the region.
8. The U.S. Permanent Mission to ASEAN was established in early 2010 to enhance the
U.S. engagement with the region on the basis of shared goals and values, as well as to
strengthen the ASEAN-U.S. comprehensive relations. The U.S. nominated H.E. David Lee
Carden as the first U.S. resident Ambassador to ASEAN in September 2010. Upon the
relinquishment of the term of Ambassador Carden, Ms. Nina Hachigian has been
nominated for this position and is expected to assume office in 2014.
9. The ASEAN-U.S. relationship underwent a seismic change when the Leaders of ASEAN
and the U.S. met at the First ASEAN-U.S. Leaders' Meeting in Singapore on 15 November
2009. The Meeting adopted the Joint Declaration of the First ASEAN-U.S. Leaders
Meeting on Enhanced Partnership for Enduring Peace and Prosperity.
10. The Second ASEAN-U.S. Leaders' Meeting was convened on 24 September 2010 in
New York. The Meeting adopted the Second ASEAN-U.S. Leaders Joint Statement and
the Terms of Reference of the ASEAN-US Eminent Persons Group (EPG). The
establishment of the ASEAN-U.S. EPG was later announced by the Leaders in November
2011 during the Third ASEAN-U.S. Leaders Meeting in Bali, Indonesia.
B. Economic Cooperation
11. At the ASEAN Post Ministerial Conference Session + 1 with the U.S., held on 22 July
2011 in Bali, Indonesia, the Meeting endorsed a Plan of Action to Implement the ASEANU.S. Enhanced Partnership 2011-2015 for Enduring Peace and Prosperity, replacing the
previous Plan of Action, the timeline of which had come to an end. Subsequently, at the
Third ASEAN-U.S. Leaders' Meeting in November 2011 in Bali, Indonesia, the Leaders of
ASEAN and the U.S. adopted the Plan of Action to Implement the ASEAN-U.S. Enhanced
Partnership for 2011-2015.
12. At the Fourth ASEAN-U.S. Leaders Meeting on 19 November 2012 in Phnom Penh,
Cambodia, the Leaders adopted the recommendation by the ASEAN-U.S. EPG to

institutionalise the annual meeting between the Leaders of ASEAN and the U.S. into an
annual ASEAN-U.S. Summit.
13. In October 2013 in Bandar Sri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, the ASEAN-U.S.
relationship reached a milestone with the convening of the 1st ASEAN-U.S. Summit. The
ASEAN Leaders and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, who represented President
Barack Obama, committed to further strengthen ASEAN-U.S. cooperation in many areas
such as non-proliferation, cyber security, counter-terrorism, trafficking in persons, trade and
investment, science and technology, and education. The Summit symbolised efforts by
both sides to further elevate the ASEAN-U.S. partnership and to deepen their existing
cooperation to further promote peace, stability and prosperity in the region.
14. Cooperation has also been intensified in the area of transnational crime. Six
Consultations between the ASEAN Senior Official Meeting on Transnational Crime and
their U.S. counterparts have been held so far (SOMTC+US). ASEAN and the U.S. are
working to strengthen cooperation to tackle cybercrime, with the convening of the ASEANU.S. Cybercrime Workshop on 6-9 May 2014 in Singapore. The U.S. has also proposed to
enhance collaboration and cooperation with ASEAN in addressing trafficking in persons
through the proposed ASEAN-U.S.Joint Declaration for Cooperation to Combat
Trafficking in Persons.
This
proposal
was
put
forward
at the
6th EWG
on ASEANConventiononTraffickingin Persons(ACTIP) and Regional Plan of Action (RPA),
on 3-5 June 2014 in Yangon, Myanmar, and is now being considered by ASEAN Member
States.
15. Both ASEAN and the U.S. utilise the ASEAN Economic Ministers-U.S. Trade
Representative (AEM-USTR) Consultations and the Senior Economic Officials-Assistant
USTR (SEOM-USTR) Consultations to promote trade and investment flows between
ASEAN and the U.S., as well as to exchange views on a range of economic issues.
16. ASEAN and the U.S. concluded the Trade and Investment Framework Agreement
(TIFA) in August 2006, which serves as a mechanism to strengthen ASEAN-U.S. economic
ties. A Joint Council has been established to provide direction on the implementation of the
ASEAN-U.S. TIFA. The Joint Council is also responsible for monitoring and evaluating
progress of ASEAN-U.S. economic cooperation.
17. In recent years, the main driver for economic cooperation continues to be the AEMU.S. Trade Representative (AEM-USTR) Mechanism, particularly in the implementation of
TIFA and its yearly work plans. ASEAN-U.S. trade and investment cooperation has focused
on trade facilitation, standards and conformance, intellectual property rights (IPR), and
public-private sector engagement (PPE). Within the ASEAN Connectivity agenda, the U.S.
has been ASEANs primary partner in moving forward the ASEAN Single Window (ASW)
initiative and has provided technical assistance on standards and conformance for priority
sectors including electrical and electronic equipment, medical devices, and automotives.
On PPE, the inaugural ASEAN Trade Ministers Road Trip to the U.S. was organized in
2010, and a reverse U.S. Trade Mission was organized in July 2012 through the ASEANU.S. Business Forum. Regular policy dialogues have been organized with the participation
of the ASEAN-U.S. Business Advisory Council.
18. At the 4th ASEAN-U.S. Leaders Meeting held on 19 November 2012, both ASEAN and
the U.S. welcomed the launch of the ASEAN-U.S. Expanded Economic Engagement (E3)
initiative a new framework for economic cooperation designed to expand the ASEAN-U.S.
trade and investment ties and create new business opportunities and jobs in all eleven
countries.
19. An ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM) Roadshow to the U.S. was successfully
concluded on 10-13 June 2013 to promote investment and partnership opportunities

between ASEAN and the U.S. businesses. The Roadshow provided the ASEAN Economic
Ministers the opportunity to discuss with relevant stakeholders in the United States,
including business leaders, venture capitalists, think tanks and the United States
Congressional representatives, the opportunities brought about by ASEAN economic
integration initiatives and robust engagement with the U.S.
20. At the first ASEAN-U.S. Summit held on 9 October 2013 in Bandar Seri Begawan,
Brunei Darussalam, the Leaders of ASEAN and the U.S. Secretary of State reaffirmed the
importance of strengthening economic cooperation between ASEAN and the U.S. and
noted the good progress in the implementation of the ASEAN-U.S. TIFA and the E3
initiative, including the on-going work to develop a code of ethics for Small and Medium
Enterprises and the discussions on the Shared Principles on Investments as well as
Information and Communications Technology (ICT).
21. The U.S. remains an important trading partner of ASEAN despite the challenges
brought about by uncertainties in the global economy. According to estimated data by the
ASEAN Secretariat, total trade between ASEAN and the U.S. increased by 3.5% from
US$200 billion in 2012 to US$206.9 billion in 2013.
22. The U.S. was the third largest source of foreign direct investment to ASEAN with the
share of 9.7%, reaching US$ 11.1 billion in 2012.
23. The number of tourists from the U.S. to ASEAN increased by 0.7 per cent, from 2.84
million arrivals in 2011 to 2.98 million arrivals in 2012. With this development, the U.S.
stands as the sixth tourism source market for ASEAN.
C. Socio-Cultural Cooperation
24. The U.S. has substantially deepened its socio-cultural cooperation with ASEAN,
particularly in areas such as disaster management, education, science and technology,
promotion and protection of the rights of women and children, and youth development.
25. On disaster management, the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA)
sponsored a Workshop on ASEAN Disaster Management, Mitigation, and Response
Technologies in Bangkok, Thailand on 30 May-1 June 2012. The workshop assisted
disaster management authorities from ASEAN economies in identifying appropriate
technical and operational solutions and enhanced their capabilities to adequately prepare
for and effectively respond to disaster-related emergencies.
26. On education, ASEAN and the U.S. announced the Partnership on English Language
Education for ASEAN at the Third ASEAN-U.S. Leaders Meeting on 18 November 2011 in
Bali, Indonesia. This Partnership is a long-term commitment to improve English language
capacity in the region and further support the Initiative for ASEAN Integration. This five-year
US$25 million program is being implemented by the East West Center in Hawaii and the
University of Brunei Darussalam in Brunei.
27. In addition, the U.S.-ASEAN Fulbright Initiative was launched September 2012 during
the 35th anniversary of the ASEAN-U.S. partnership. This programme enables scholars
from ASEAN Member States to travel to the U.S. to focus on ASEAN-related projects and
American Fulbright Specialists and Scholars in the region to provide capacity-building
expertise and scholarly collaboration at ASEAN institutions or universities in ASEAN
Member States.
28. On science and technology, a new programme called the ASEAN-U.S. Science and
Technology Fellows Pilot Programme was launched on 7 April 2014 to assist ASEAN
countries in making greater use of science to improve public policy and support national
development. In this pilot period, eight U.S. academic fellows will work in the fields of
biodiversity, climate change, early warning for disaster risk reduction, health and water
management and will be assigned to relevant ministries in eight ASEAN Member States for

one year to expand the use of science and technology to analyse existing data in decisionmaking.
29. On the promotion and protection of the rights of women and children, the U.S. has
continually supported the work of the ASEAN Commission for the Promotion and Protection
of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC) and its priority areas. The visit of the ACWC
to the U.S. was convened on 16-26 April 2012. The group met with numerous NGOs and
academics to discuss international migration, human trafficking, gender-based violence, the
importance of coalition building, and strategies for communicating the ACWCs work to the
broader ASEAN community in Washington D.C. and New York City.
30. On youth, the ASEAN-U.S. Young Leaders Summit was held on 5-9 December 2012 in
Jakarta. Approximately 140 alumni of the South East Asia Youth Leadership Program
(SEAYLP) from all ASEAN Member States participated in a variety of enrichment and
outreach activities, including a half-day visit to the ASEAN Secretariat. In December 2013,
President Obama announced a new U.S. initiative, namely the Young Southeast Asian
Leaders Initiative (YSEALI), which aims to enhance leadership development and
networking in ASEAN, deepen engagement among young leaders in the region, and
empower the next generation of leaders. Under this initiative, an inaugural training
programme titled the YEASLI Generation-Ideas into Action Workshop was held in Kuala
Lumpur on 25-28 April 2014, with the participation of 100 young leaders between the ages
of 18-35 from 10 ASEAN Member States. The Workshop focused on, among others,
building capacity in community leadership skills among the participants and raising
awareness of regional issues that affect ASEAN countries.
D. Development Cooperation
31. ASEAN-U.S. development cooperation is currently implemented under the framework
of the ASEAN-U.S. Enhanced Partnership. During the course of 2008-2013, the U.S.
development assistance was channeled mainly through the ASEAN Development Vision to
Advance National Cooperation and Economic Integration (ADVANCE).
32. Two five-year U.S. support programmes were launched in December 2013 to replace
the completed components of ADVANCE. These programmes include the ASEAN
Connectivity through Trade and Investment project (ACTI) and the ASEAN-U.S.
Partnership for Good Governance, Equitable and Sustainable Development and Security
(ASEAN-U.S. PROGRESS). The PROGRESS, funded by US$ 14 million, aims at assisting
ASEAN in achieving the targets outlined in the APSC and ASCC Blueprints, under three
components: i) Good Governance and Political-Security Cooperation; ii) Human
Development and Socio-Cultural Cooperation; and iii) ASEAN Secretariat and
Institutional/Cross-Sectoral Capacity Building. The ACTI, with the total budget of US$ 16.2
million, will focus on assisting ASEANs regional and national economic-related working to
implement their commitment under the AEC, particularly in the following areas: i) ASEAN
Single Window; ii) Trade and Investment Facilitation; iii) SMEs Development; iv) ASEAN
Modernised Power; and v) ICT for Development Enhancement. Both sides are working on
specific projects and activities for implementation under these two programmes.
U.S.-PAKISTAN RELATIONS
The United States has had diplomatic relations with Pakistan since its creation in 1947. The
two countries' common interest in a peaceful, stable, and prosperous region has informed
their relationship over the decades. The United States is Pakistans largest trading partner.
On a visit to Islamabad in July-August 2013, Secretary of State John Kerry announced the
reinvigoration of a Strategic Dialogue with Pakistan to foster a deeper, broader, and more

comprehensive partnership and facilitate concrete cooperation on core shared interests

ranging from energy to counterterrorism. Demonstrating the strength of the bilateral
relationship, Prime Minister Sharif made an official visit to the United States in October
2013. Secretary Kerry and National Security and Foreign Affairs Advisor Sartaj Aziz
subsequently chaired the Strategic Dialogue Ministerial in Washington in January 2014.
The September 11, 2001, attacks in the United States by Afghanistan-based terror group
al-Qaida led to closer coordination between Pakistan and the United States on security and
stability in South Asia. Pakistan pledged cooperation with the United States in
counterterrorism efforts, which included locating and shutting down terrorist training camps
within Pakistan's borders, cracking down on extremist groups, and withdrawing support for
the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. The United States resumed a close security partnership
with Pakistan, and in 2004, the United States recognized its closer bilateral ties with
Pakistan by naming Pakistan as a Major Non-NATO Ally.
Since 2001, Pakistan has provided assistance in counterterrorism efforts by capturing more
than 600 al-Qaida members and their allies. In May 2011, the leader of al-Qaida, Usama
bin Laden, was killed by U.S. forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan. Following the tragic
accidental killing of 24 Pakistani soldiers in a November 2011 cross-border incident
involving the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) International Security Assistance
Force in Afghanistan (ISAF), Pakistan closed the ground lines of communication (GLOC) to
U.S. and NATO cargo for a period of eight months which, in turn, led to a significant
slowing of U.S. security assistance. In March 2012, Pakistan's parliament approved policy
recommendations for revised terms of engagement with the U.S. and ISAF following a
review of U.S.-Pakistan relations. The ground lines of communication were reopened in
July 2012; the regular flow of security assistance resumed.
U.S. Assistance to Pakistan
The U.S. Congress passed the Enhanced Partnership with Pakistan Act (often referred to
as Kerry-Lugar-Berman, or KLB, after its co-sponsors) in October 2009 in order to
demonstrate the U.S. long-term commitment to cooperation with the Pakistani people and
their civilian institutions. Between October 2009 and March 2014, the U.S. disbursed over
$4.38 billion in civilian assistance to Pakistan, including over $1 billion of humanitarian
assistance following natural disasters, floods and conflict.
U.S. civilian assistance to Pakistan is focused on five priority areas: energy; economic
growth, including agriculture; community stabilization of restive areas; education; and
health. These priorities were determined in consultation with the government of Pakistan.
The U.S. implements programs with Pakistani partners, including the government of
Pakistan, civil society, and private sector actors to increase local capacity and promote
sustainability of efforts. Thus far, U.S. contributions have added over 1,300 megawatts to
Pakistans electricity grid through infrastructure upgrades, rehabilitation, and policy
consultation; led to the launch of the Pakistan Private Investment Initiative (PPII), which will
provide seed funding to small and medium sized enterprises in Pakistan; built or
reconstructed over 800 schools; and funded more than 900 kilometers of roads in the
Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These results and others
promote our mutual goal of a stable, secure, and prosperous Pakistan.
Bilateral Economic Relations

In FY 2014 (July 2013 - June 2014), Pakistan's exports to all countries were estimated at
$25.162 billion and its imports at $41.689 billion. In FY 2013, the United States accounted
for 15.7% of the country's exports, the most of any country, and $1.12 billion of its imports.
Bilateral trade between the United States and Pakistan exceeded $5 billion. The United
States is also one of the top sources of foreign direct investment to Pakistan, with $206.8
million in FY 2013. Pakistan has taken steps over the years to liberalize its trade and
investment regimes, either unilaterally or in the context of commitments made with the
World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World
Bank. It is relatively open to foreign investment, but its ranking in the World Banks Doing
Business Index continues to sink, largely due to issues of governance and the ongoing
energy crisis. In October 2012 and June 2013 the United States and Pakistan organized
bilateral business opportunities conferences in London and Dubai respectively, and in
October 2013 U.S. Ambassador Olson led a reverse trade mission to the United States.
Major U.S. investments are concentrated in fast-moving consumer goods, construction,
chemicals, energy, and communications.
Pakistan's Membership in International Organizations
Pakistan and the United States belong to a number of the same international organizations,
including the United Nations, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, and
World Bank. Pakistan is not a signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Bilateral Representation
The U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan is Richard G. Olson. Other principal embassy officials
are listed in the Department'sKey Officers List.
Pakistan maintains an embassy in the United States at 3517 International Court NW,
Washington, DC 20008 (tel. 202-243-6500). It has consulates in Los Angeles, New York,
Chicago, and Houston.