Chapter 18 Vocab

1. Condyle – the rounded prominence found at the point of articulation with another
bone
2. Articular cartilage – the thin layer of connective tissue over the ends of long
bones
3. Medial meniscus – cartilage in the knew between the femoral condyle and the
medial tibial plateau
4. Lateral meniscus- cartilage in the knee between the lateral femoral condyle and
the lateral tibial plateau
5. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) – a ligament in the knee that attaches to the
anterior aspect of the tibial plateau restricting anterior movement of the tibia on
the femur
6. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - a ligament in the knees that attaches to the
posterior aspect of the tibial plateau restricting posterior movement of the tibia on
the femur
7. Patella - kneecap
8. Crepitus- a grinding noise or sensation within a joint
9. Epiphyseal plate – the growth plate at the end of the bone
10. Valgus – outward bending or twisting force
11. Varus – inward bending or twisting force

Notes:

- 4 main ligaments (bone to bone)

o Anterior cruciate
o Posterior cruciate
o Medial collateral
o Lateral collateral
- Tendons to know
o Patella tendon
o Tendon of quadriceps
- Q angle – angle of pelvis with knee
o The greater the angle the more strain there is on the knees –
greater angle on woman so they can pop babies out
- Condyle
o Moon shaped
o Cushion
o Keeps bones from grinding
o End of bone that helps cushion in joint
- Meniscus
 Has left or right
 Can be torn easily
 Between condyle
  Cushion protect bone from bone
 If gone – arthritis comes sooner
- Cartilage – connective tissue
- Patellofemoral Problems
 Aching pain in front knee
 Knee giving away
 Crepitus
 Walking up and down stairs – painful
 Treatment:
 Shoe insert to support the arch or low dye taping
 Stretching
 Tape the patella
 Bracing
 Rehab
- Patellar Tendonitis
 Inflammation of the patellar tendon
 Also known as jumpers knee
 Anterior knee pain
 Local tenderness
 Over use
 Treatment:
 Give time to heal
 Cycling and swimming – gives it time to
heal
 Stretching
 Ice
 Bracing and taping
- Medial collateral ligament (MCL) sprain
 Caused by stretching and Valgus
 Limited motion in full flexion and extension
 Swelling
 Tenderness
 See table 18 –1
 Treatment:
 PRICE
 Rehab
 Surgery
- Chondromalacia
o Scrapping of under side of knee
o Maybe misalignment
o Also called movie sign
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) sprain
• Varus
 • Tenderness to palpation
• Pain and laxity
• Treatment: see treatment for MCL
- Torn Anterior cruciate ligament
• Pop followed by swelling within the joint cavity
• Anterior drawer test – the athlete is in a supine position with the
knee bent to 90 degrees. The examiner applies anterior force to
the proximal tibia excessive movement may indicate ACL
damage, checks for torn ACL and ligaments in the ankle
• Ligament may be torn
• Treatment:
 Splinting, icing, and compressive wrapping
 Crutches
 Surgery
- Meniscus Tears
• Mild knee swelling – takes hours
• Pain
• Popping
• Locking
• Giving away of knee
• Treatment:
 Ice
 Compressive wrap
 Crutches
 Knee supports
 Physical therapy
 Anti inflammation meds
 Surgery
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
• Hyperflexion and serious accident
• Sag test
• MRI
• Treatment:
 PRICE
 Physical therapy
 Knee brace
- Osgood- Schlatter Condition
o The quadriceps will exert undue
pressure on the growth center of the
tibia
o Usually moves too quick
- Iliotibial Band Syndrome
 Inflammation of the Iliotibial band
 Head of femur irritates the band
 Band is too tight
 Over use injury
 Treatment:
 Proper foot wear
 Icing
 Stretching
 Training program