Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
before
We simply
the rotor and treat the machine as an
induction motor to initiate this
Stand Alone Generator
1. Bring the generator speed to the level that corresponds to the desired
frequency (60Hz)
2. Apply the field voltage (field current) to produce the desired (rated)
output voltage
3. Connect the load (or connect to the power grid)
Page 1 of 15
Machine Starting
Connecting to a Power
System
1. Bring the generator speed to the level that corresponds to the desired
frequency (60Hz) ! f g = f s
2. Adjust the excitation voltage (field current) to produce the desired
(rated) output voltage ! E g = Vs
4. Make sure that phase sequence is the same (ABC & abc)
5. Make sure that the phase difference is zero
6. Close the Circuit Breaker
Page 2 of 15
Parameter Tests
Recall Stator Circuit Model
1. DC Test: Setup
Vdc
= 2 Ra Ra =
I dc
Page 3 of 15
Ea = E f = K vrm
Page 4 of 15
circuit conditions)
Page 5 of 15
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do not exceed
of
I a ,rated ( nominal)
(under short
circuit conditions)
Nathan Ozog 2014
Page 6 of 15
Synchronous Reactance, X s
We want to determine X s
and
Recall: E f = (Ra + jX s )I a = Z s I s
Xs
Rc so we approximate that X s
X s , sat =
I a
Ef
Ia
X s ,unsat =
I a
SCR =
SCR =
1
X s ( pu )
Page 7 of 15
Phasor Diagrams
1. Assume a Motor operating at a lagging Power factor
The motor is
VARs
The motor is
.
Vt = (Ra + jX s )I a + E f
Vt
Ia
Page 8 of 15
Phasor Diagrams
2. Assume a Motor operating at a Leading Power factor
The motor is
VARs
The motor is
.
In a synchronous motor we can vary the field current such that it is
greater than the terminal voltage
Allows us to produce VARs.
Very useful!
Vt = (Ra + jX s )I a + E f
Ia
Vt
Page 9 of 15
Phasor Diagrams
3. Assume a Generator operating at a Lagging Power factor
The generator is
VARs
The motor is
.
Vt = (Ra + jX s )I a + E f
Page 10 of 15
Phasor Diagrams
3. Assume a Generator operating at a Leading Power factor
The generator is
VARs
The motor is
.
Vt =
Ia
Vt
Page 11 of 15
Ra
Vt = jX s I a + E f
Ef
-jIaXs
E f sin ( ) = X s I a cos( )
E f sin ( ) =
X s I a cos( )
Vt E f
sin ( ) = Vt I a cos( )
Vt E f
Xs
Vt
Electrical Power
P3 = 3
Vt E f
Xs
sin ( )
Page 12 of 15
r = e = const
Electrical Power
Pm = syn
P3 = 3
syn = 3
=3
Vt E f
syn X s
max =
sin ( )
Pmax
syn
Vt E f
Xs
Vt E f
Xs
sin ( )
sin ( )
P=3
Vt E f
Xs
sin ( )
Pmax = 3
Vt E f
Xs
Page 13 of 15
Vt = jX s I a + E f
Ef
-jIaXs
Vt
Reactive Power
E f cos( ) Vt = X s I a sin ( )
E f cos( ) Vt =
Vt E f cos( ) Vt
Vt E f cos( ) Vt
Xs
X s I a sin ( )
Q3 = 3
Vt E f cos( ) Vt
Xs
= Vt I a sin ( )
= Q per phase
Page 14 of 15
Speed Control
Power Electronics Required
P3 = Tsyn =
3Vt E f
Xd
sin ( )
Page 15 of 15