List of Medicinal Plants at Lokmangal Medicinal Plants Cultivation Project

1) Gavati Chaha (Cymbopogan flexuous):

FAM.: Poaceae
COMMON NAME: Lemongrass, Ginger Grass
HABITAT: Cultivated in north India. Cymbopogon flexuosus is a perennial grass
native to India, Sri Lanka, Burma, and Thailand.
PARTS USED: Lemongrass Leaves, Lemongrass Oil.
LOC.USES:
As a medicinal plant, lemongrass has been considered a carminative and insect
repellent. Lemongrass is used in herbal teas and other nonalcoholic beverages in
baked goods, and in confections. Oil from lemongrass is widely used as a fragrance
in perfumes and cosmetics, such as soaps and creams. Citral, extracted from the oil,
is used in flavoring soft drinks in scenting soaps and detergents, as a fragrance in
perfumes and cosmetics, and as a mask for disagreeable odors in several industrial
products. Citral is also used in the synthesis of ionones used in perfumes and
cosmetics. Lemongrass oil used to flavor teas, ice cream, candy,pastries, desserts
and chewing gum. The oil is used in perfume, makeup, soap, hair products, cleaner,
antifungal agents, incense, and potpourri. Lemongrass oil revitalizes the body and
relieves the symptoms of jetlag, clears headaches and helps to combat nervous
exhaustion and stress-related conditions. Lemongrass essential oil is believed to help
with stress-related disorders, and has been shown to have antifungal and
antimicrobial properties.

2) Kanher (Nerium oleander):

FAM.: Apocyanaceae
COM. NS.: oleander, kanher
CHAR.:
Oleander grows to 26 m tall, with erect stems that splay outward as they mature;
The leaves are in pairs or whorls of three, thick and leathery, dark-green.
The flowers grow in clusters at the end of each branch; they are white, pink to red.
They are often, but not always, sweet-scented. The fruit is a long narrow capsule ,
which splits open at maturity to release numerous downy seeds.
HABITAT:
N. oleander is either native or naturalized to a broad area from Mauritania, Morocco,
and Portugal eastward through the Mediterranean region and the Sahara (where it is
only found sporadically), to the Arabian peninsula, southern Asia, and as far East
as Yunnan in southern parts of China. Nerium oleander is native to northern Africa,
Southeast Asia, and parts of the Mediterranean.
LOC.USES:
Medicinal uses of nerium oleander include treating ulcers, hemorrhoids, and leprosy.
In addition, oleander has been used to treat ringworm, herpes, and abscesses.
Although people have used this supplement for centuries to treat a variety of
ailments, nerium oleander is very toxic and should not be ingested.

3) Kadulimb (Azadirachta indica):

FAM.: Meliaceae
COM. NS.:
Kadulimb, neem, Nimm in Sindhi and Punjabi,Nim in Bengali, Vembu (Tamil), Arya
Veppu (Malayalam), Nimba, Arishta, Picumarda (Sanskrit, Oriya), Limdo (Gujarati
language) Kadu-Limba (Marathi).
HABITAT: Neem is a fast-growing tree that can reach a height of 1520 meters, It
is evergreen, but in severe drought it may shed most or nearly all of its leaves. The
branches are wide and spreading. The fairly dense crown is roundish and may reach
a diameter
of 1520 meters in old, free-standing specimens. The
opposite, pinnate leaves are 2040 centimetres The (white and fragrant) flowers are
arranged in more-or-less drooping axillary panicles which are up to 25 centimeters
long. The fruit is a smooth (glabrous) olive-like drupe which varies in shape from
elongate oval to nearly roundish, and when ripe is 1.42.8 centimeters, The fruit skin
(exocarp) is thin and the bitter-sweet pulp (mesocarp) is yellowish-white and very
fibrous.
PARTS USED: Leaves , Branches, flowers, Seeds.
LOC.USES:
In India, the plant is variously known as "Sacred Tree," "Heal all," "Nature's
Drugstore," "Village Pharmacy" and "Panacea for all diseases". Products made from
neem trees have been used in India for over two millennia for their medicinal
properties: neem products are believed to be anthelmintic, antifungal, antidiabetic,
antibacterial, antiviral, contraceptive and sedative. It
is
considered
a
major
component in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and is particularly prescribed for skin
diseases. Neem oil is also used for healthy hair, to improve liver function, detoxify
the blood, and balance blood sugar levels. Neem leaves have been used medicinally
since ancient times in India, to give baths to children suffering from skin
diseases. The leaves are used in this manner that first they are washed thoroughly.
Then 5-10 leaves along with the branch are boiled till the water turns green. The
water is then used for various purposes. Elders find it useful in controlling high blood
sugar level and it is said to clean up the blood.

4)Jaypal (Myristica fragrans):

FAM.: Myristiaceae
COM. NS.: Jaiphal,Sanskrit : Jatisasyya, Jatiphala, English : Nutmeg
CHAR.: The dried kernel of the seeds of the nutmeg tree fruits is powdered or grated
and used as a spice, since it has a strong, pleasant aroma. The taste of the kernel is
bitter. Nutmeg contains starch, protein, an oleanolic acid called Glycoside, sclareol,
catechins, proanthocyanidins and diarylpropanoids (dimeric phenylpropanoids) like
macelignan, meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid and otobaphenol.
HABITAT: The Nutmeg tree usually reaches heights 9 to 20 meters or more. It
grows in Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and West Indies.
LOC.USES: Nutmeg Oil is used in perfumes, ointments and hair lotions. It is
effective as an antispasmodic carminative and has been found through research to
prevent and cure the following health disorders:
1) Digestive disorders: About 5 to 15 grams of powdered nutmeg mixed in
apple juice or banana is usually taken to help diarrhea triggered by
indigestion. The same quantity taken with a tablespoon of fresh amla juice 3
times a day proves beneficial for hiccups, indigestion and morning sickness.
2) Insomnia: When mixed with fresh amla juice, powdered Nutmeg is great for
depression, irritability and insomnia. Nutmeg paste is mixed with honey and
fed to infants when they cry at night, inducing sleep.
3) Dehydration: Dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea, predominantly in
Cholera can be treated with an infusion made from half a nutmeg in half liter
of water served with tender coconut water in 15-gram doses.
4) Skin disorders: Skin diseases like ringworm and eczema can be cured by
rubbing a stone slab on the skin with nutmeg paste and ones own earlymorning saliva (before cleansing the mouth) once a day.
5) Oral diseases, Cancer: Nutmeg fights against cancer-causing bacteria such
as streptococcus mutans and other bacteria that are usually found in the
mouth and cause dental caries as well as other such oral diseases.
6) Memory loss: Nutmeg extracts, when given to mice, enhanced their learning
and memory retention capabilities
7) Rheumatism: An external application of grated nutmeg fried in gingelly oil
(til oil) is very useful in the treatment of rheumatism, neuralgia and sciatia.
8) Impotency: Nutmeg acts as an excellent stimulant and improves sexual
performance when taken regularly.

5) Tulas (ocimum sanctum):

FAM.: Lamiaceae
COM. NS.: Basil, Sacred Basil, Holy Basil, Tulsi
HABITAT: Found throughout india.
PARTS USED: Leaves, Seeds
LOC.USES:
Basil herb is diaphoteric, anti periodic, stimulating, expectorant and anti-catarrhal. It
is used in malaria, catarrh, bronchitis and gastric disorders. It also lowers blood
sugar levels and its powder is used for mouth ulcers. Basil herb is widely worshiped
in India. It is an aromatic herb and is often used in potpourri and sachets. The
cosmetic industry uses basil oil in lotion, shampoo, perfume, and soap. It is also
used in some skin ointments and promoted as a treatment for acne.

6) Reetha (Sapindus Mukorossi):

FAM.: Sapindaceae
COM. NS.: Soapnut, Soap Nut, Soapberry, Soap Berry, Washnut, and Wash Nut,
Ritha, Aritha, Dodan, Doadni, Doda, Kanma and Thali.
CHAR.:
An attractive medium sized deciduous tree, Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi), stands up
to 20 m in height, with gray smooth bark and pinnate leaves. The trunk of the tree is
straight and cylindrical, going 13-16 ft in height and has an umbrella-like hemisphere
measuring about 16 ft in diameter. The tree is ever-growing and in 70 years of
existence, it can attain a height of up to 82 ft and a girth of up to 9-16 ft. The
flowers on Reetha plant grow during the summer season and are small in size and
greenish white in color. The fruit appears in July and August and ripens by the
months of November and December. This ripened fruit is then either sold in the
market as soap nut or collected for seeds, as they tend to germinate easily. The
dried fruit has a soapy texture and is used to prepare quality shampoos, detergents
and a substitute for washing hands. Moreover, the plant is soft and green when it is
fresh.
HABITAT: Temperate to Tropical regions throughout North India and Nepal in hills
and plains in deep clayey loam soil with areas experiencing nearly 150 to 200 cm of
annual rainfall.
LOC.USES:
Reetha is used as the main ingredient in soaps and shampoos for washing
hair, as it is considered good for the health of hair. The trend of washing hair
with soapnut (reetha) is still followed in many local households.
1. The herb is also used in the treatment of extra salvation, migraine, epilepsy
and chlorosis.
2. It has been placed as a popular herb in the list of herbs and minerals in
Ayurveda and is used as an important ingredient in cleansers and shampoos.
In addition, it is used for the treatment of eczema, psoriasis, and for
removing freckles.
3. Reetha is also used for removing lice from the scalp, as it has gentle
insecticidal properties.
4. The plant is known for its antimicrobial properties that are beneficial for
septic systems.

7) Sarpgandha (Rauwolfia serpentina):

FAM.: Apocyanaceae
COM. NS.: Sanskrit: Nakuli, Candrika, Chandramaarah,English : Rauvolfia root,
Serpentina root, Hindi : Chota Chand, Dhvalbaruaa
CHAR.: The chemical constituents found in Sarpagandha include Alkaloids (ajmaline,
ajmalinine, ajmalicine), Phytosterols, Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Oleic acid,
Unsaturated alcohols and Crystalline bases (serpentine, serpentinine).
HABITAT: The plant is an evergreen plant which can be found in most places in
India ranging from the foot hills of Himalayas to the Western Ghats in the south and
even in the Andamans. Outside of India, the plant can be found in China, Malaysia,
Thailand and Indonesia. It generally grows in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The
plant is a small under shrub which can only grow up to a foot in length. The leaves
are placed in whorls of three around the branch. The flowers white with traces of
violet.
LOC.USES:
Scientific research on Sarpagandha began in India in the early 20th century before it
was introduced to the western world of medicine. Studies on Sarpagandha revealed
the presence of several alkaloids and crystalline bases which have a significant role
in fighting many ailments described below.
1. Hypertension: According to Ayurveda, sarpagandha was used as a means to
control hypertension.
2. Insomnia: Sarpagandha possesses sedative properties and hence it is good
remedy for insomnia.
3. Urticaria or hives: Urticaria or hives are red coloured rashes appearing on
the skin due to allergic reactions, insect bites, sunburn and infections, etc.
Sometimes the rashes can be painful and itchy. Ayurveda prescribes
Sarpagandha as a remedy for urticaria or hives.
4. Antibacterial properties: Sarpagandha also possesses antibacterial
properties.
5. Uterine contractions: Sarpagandha possess uterine contraction properties
which are ideal for inducing labour pains.
6. Giddiness: Sarpagandha is good for relieving giddiness and vertigo.
7. Mental illnesses and psychiatry: Ayurveda had recognized Sarpagandha as
a possible cure for certain types of mental illnesses such as insanity, traumas
and hysteria.

8) Arjun (Terminalia arjuna):

FAM.: Combretaceae
COM. NS.: Arjuna, Sanskrit: Kakubha, Partha, Shwetavaaha English: Arjuna
CHAR.:
The bark of Arjuna tree is used for medicinal purposes and it has been found to
contain minerals such as calcium, magnesium, aluminium, and tannins, flavonoids,
saponin glycosides and phytosterols. The bark also contains crystalline compounds
such as arjunine, arjunetin, essential oils and reducing sugars.
HABITAT:
Arjuna tree originated from India. It can be found in various different climatic
conditions ranging from sub-Himalayan regions to far south in Deccan region, Sri
Lanka and Myanmar. It can be generally found along flowing water and marshy
areas. This tree grows to about 20 25 m in length.
LOC.USES:
1. Anti-inflammatory
properties: Arjuna
bark
has
anti-inflammatory
properties which act as COX inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
agents, and displayed both analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties.
2. Controls cholesterol: Studies have shown that Arjuna tree is effective in
bringing down LDL cholesterol levels. The hypocholesterolaemic effect was
comparable to vitamin E.
3. Cardiac protection: Arjuna bark has been traditionally prescribed for heart
problems. Recent studies have shown that Arjuna was very effective in
controlling refractory chronic congestive heart failure.
4. Keeps diabetes in check: Studies have shown that the extracts from Arjuna
bark were very effective in controlling diabetes. The research concluded
Arjuna to be a potent diabetes reducing agent.
5. Liver protection: The antioxidants present in Arjuna bark acted as nullifying
agents against fluoride damage caused to the liver. Arjuna bark extracts were
so effective that fluoride levels had come down to almost normal after just 10
days.
6. Reduces gastric ulcers: Studies on Arjuna barks gastric protection abilities
showed that it was very effective in controlling ulcers, lesions, regulating the
gastric juice and pH level of gastric acid, etc. The anti-oxidants play in Arjuna
bark play a major role in scavenging free radicals and minimizing their
damage.
7. Treats asthma: According to Ayurveda, Arjuna bark can be very effective in
the treatment of asthma. Fine powder of the dried bark must be taken with
kheer or rice and milk pudding.

8. Diarrhoea and dysentery: Arjuna bark powder can also be effective in

reducing both diarrhoea and dysentery. Not more than 20 to 30 g of powder
should be taken.
9. Fractures and contusions: According to Ayurveda, Arjuna bark is effective
in restoring strength to the bones which have been fractured. Powdered dry
bark of Arjuna can be taken along with honey for this.

9) Bhadraksha (Scavola taccada ):

FAM.: Goodeniaceae
COM. NS.: Beach naupaka, Hawaiian half-flower, hailstones, Bhadraksh
HABITAT:
It is a soft wooded shrub or small tree which grows up to 8 meters in height. The
leaves are simple, closely alternate, crowded at stem tips; blades thick, shiny green,
wider near tips, to 21 cm long, glabrous to hairy on both sides, margins revolute,
light green becoming yellow with age; leaf axils with tufts of pale hairs. Flowers
white to pale lilac, several in short cluster at leaf axils; Fruit a fleshy, sub spherical
drupe, green then white, 8-12 mm long, with sepal lobes persistent at tip.
PARTS USED: Fruits, Seed kernel.
LOC.USES:
Parts of the plant are also used in Polynesian and Asian traditional medicine. It has
also been proven to be an excellent remedy as antidiabetic, antipyretic,
antiinflamatory, anticoagulant and as skeletal muscle relaxant without any adverse
reactions.

10 Guggul (Commiphora wightii):

FAM.: Burseraceae
COM. NS.: Guggul , guggal , gum guggal , gum guggulu , gugulipid
CHAR.:
Guggul is the dry gum resin obtained from the bark of the tree. The gum contains
minerals, resin, volatile oils, sterols, ferulates, flavones, sterones, and other
chemical constituents. Several pharmacologically active components have been
identified in the plant, including guggulsterone (E- and Z-stereoisomers) and
gugulipid, both found in the ethyl acetate extract of the plant. Studies have shown
that the guggulsterones are antagonist ligands for the bile acid receptor farnesoid X
receptor, which is activated by bile salts, thus reducing cholesterol. A triterpene,
myrrhanol A, has been described to have potent anti-inflammatory effects.
The gum, called guggul or gum guggulu, is tapped from the stem of the plant,
and the fragrant yellow latex solidifies as it oozes out. Excessive production of the
gum eventually kills the plant.
HABITAT: The guggul plant is widely distributed throughout India and adjacent dry
regions. The tree is a small shrub with thorny branches.
LOC.USES: Guggul has been used in the traditional Ayurvedic medical system for
centuries and has been studied extensively in India. Commercial products are
promoted for use in hyperlipidemia; however, clinical studies do not substantiate this
claim. Anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular effects are being evaluated, as well as
use in cancer, obesity, and diabetes.

11 Kasturi Bhendi (Abelmoschus moschatus):

FAM.: Malvaceae
COM. NS.: Mushkdana, Kasturi-dana, Jangli bhindi
CHAR.: Seeds yield a volatile oil in the seed coat. Seeds yield an essential oil, 0.2 to
0.6 %, containing farnesol, palmitic acid, furfurol, acetic acid and ambrettol acid.
HABITAT:
Throughout in open places, grasslands and open clearings, etc., at low and medium
altitudes.Kastuli is an annual, erect and branched herb, about a meter high or less,
covered with very long hairs. Leaves are orbicular-ovate to ovate, 6 to 15
centimeters long, variously angled and 3- to 5-lobed or more, pointed at the tip,
broad or heart-shaped at the base, toothed at the margins. Flowers are about 10
centimeters in diameter, with yellow petals, purple at the base inside. Capsules are
oblong-ovoid, 5 to 7 centimeters long, covered with long hairs and containing many
musky seeds.
PARTS USED: Seeds, roots and leaves.
LOC.USES:
Decoction of pounded seed used as a diuretic, tonic and carminative.
Mucilaginous
decoction
of
root
and
leaves
used
for
gonorrhea.
In Malaya, leaves and roots used as poultice. Seeds used as antihysteric. Used for
headaches, rheumatism, varicose veins, cyctitis and fever. In Java, powder or
infusion of roots used to stimulate the kidneys and intestines. In Bombay, paste of
seeds applied for itches. In the West Indies, seeds are used as antispasmodic. In
the Antilles, seeds are used for snake bites, internally and externally. Infusion,

decoction or tincture of seeds used for nervous debility, hysteria and other nervous
disorders. Seed are used for fevers and gonorrhea; as inhalant to relieve dryness of
the throat and hoarseness. Powdered seeds steeped in alcohol applied to snake
bites. In the Carribean, used for female reproductive problems and for childbirth.
In Egypt, seeds are chewed to relieve stomach problems, to soothe nerves and
"sweeten" the breath; also considered as an aphrodisiac. Seeds made intoan
emulsion with milk, for skin itches. In Ayurveda, plant considered to pacify
aggravated pitta, kapha, bonchitis, asthma, dyspepsia, coli, calculi, diarrhea,
flatulence, vomiting, nervous system disorders.

12 Shendri (Bixa orellana):

FAM.: Bixaceae
COM. NS.: achiote, lipstick tree, saffron tree, keshari, rangamali, shendri
HABITAT:
Shendri is widespread throughout the tropical regions of central and South America
where it is native. It has also become naturalized in other tropical regions, such as
the Philippines. Annatto, or Achiote, as it is usually called in Latin American
countries, is a relatively tropical shrub that can grow up to about 20 meters. The
pinkish white flowers develop into bright red heart shaped, exceedingly bristly fruit,
which is inedible. When ripe the fruit capsule breaks open and reveals an abundance
of seeds embedded in orange-red pulp. The bush produces copious amounts of fruit:
a single tree can yield up to 270kg.
PARTS USED: Seeds, leaves, bark, roots, shoots
LOC.USES:
Although commercially only the seed and seed paste are available, in tropical
regions, other parts of the plant are also used for medicine. In particular the leaves
appear to have wide ranging applications. The shoots and young leaves are used for
feverish infections including gonorrhoea, dysentery and hepatitis. They are believed
to protect the liver and reduce cholesterol. The leaves and seeds are also used to
soothe an irritated stomach that is suffering from excessively spicy food. An infusion
of the flowers are said to be a useful expectorant for new born babies. In some parts
of the Amazon it is used as a treatment for snakebites. Internally it is said to fight
parasites and allies the pains derived from intestinal parasites. Externally the extract
of the seeds wards off insects and protects the skin against the ultraviolet rays of the
sun. It is also used as a general skin tonic and to heal skin conditions.
The leaves have a marked effect on the urinary system and increase the volume of
urine in cases of renal insufficiency or cystitis. They are also said to reduce benign
prostate hyperplasia and generally reputed to have anti-tumor activity, which are
thought to be due to the high anti-oxidant activity of the carotenoid compounds Bixin
and Norbixin, which are also the source of the red pigment . These carotenoides
have also been found to lower blood sugar levels and have been used for the
treatment of diabetes in traditional medicine systems.

13) Behada (Terminalia Bellirica Roxb):

FAM.: Combretaceae
COM. NS.: Terminalia Bellirica Roxb, Vibhitak, Aksha, Karshaphal, Kalidrum, Bayeda,
Vadikaya, Tanikooya, Tarekapi, Balelaj and Talelah.
CHAR.: The Baheda fruit have certain chemical composition that contains Tannin, BCetosterol, Gaelic acid, Elegiac acid and Ethyl etc. The shining yellow colored oil is
extracted from the seed.
HABITAT: Behada a medicinal tree is grown all over the country especially in the
lower hilly areas. The leaves fall down in the month of February and new leaves
come, the flowers blossom till the month of May and fruits ripe by January or
February of the next year. The tree grows up to a height of 60 to 80 feet, the trunk
is straight with dark brown color, leaves are around three to eight inches long,
broad, oval in shape and grow in bunches at the tip of the branches.
The flowers are white or yellow in color, the stems are around three to six inches
long, the flowers growing on upper part and lower part. The fruits are around half
inch in diameter, round, fibrous, grayish colored and narrow at bottom. The Behada
fruit is a seed like fruit and looks striped and somewhat like pentagon in shape after
drying.
LOC.USES:
The Behada trees has medicinal qualities and uses in Ayurvedic pathy to removes all
the three doshas. Its use is said to be most effective on kapha and beneficial for
eyes & eye diseases, increases hair, cures soreness of throat, nose problems, purifies
blood, throat diseases, cough, heart disease, and destroys germs. In case of
stomach disorders it is unique beneficial over other medicines to strengthen the
stomach. The fruit pulp heals boil on eyelid. Behada fruit's skin is beneficial in case of
Anemia, Jaundice and white "Lep" rosy. The seeds Behada fruit are bitter, quench
thirst, control vomiting, remove vata and cures bronchitis. The skin of the fruits
cures kapha and it is especially effective in case of throat and respiratory problem.
Its seeds reduce pain and swelling, but excess quantity causes vomiting. Baheda
cure disorders of rasa, blood and fat along with voice disruption, kapha, and pitta.
Baheda is laxative, mild, hot and beneficial in case of voice disruption, destroys
germs, eye diseases and removes kapha.

14) Jaswand (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis):

FAM.: Malvaceae
COM. NS.: Shoe flower, Jaswand, Japa China Rose, Chinese hibiscus,
HABITAT: Hibiscus is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Grows in wet and swampy areas. Hibiscus is an evergreen, herbaceous plant. It has
ornamental, large, dark-red flowers. They are firm, trumpet-shaped and odorless,
with single and double set of petals.
PARTS USED: Whole plant
LOC.USES:
Hibiscus flowers, roots and leaves, are anodyne and emmenagogue. They regulate
menstruation and stimulate blood circulation. Flower extract has been traditionally
used for liver disorders, high blood pressure and as an aphrodisiac. Young leaves and
flowers are used in case of headache. Decoction of leaves, root and fruits are helpful
in treatments of arthritis, boils and coughs, and the fruit is used externally in cases
of sprains, wounds and ulcers. Hibiscus tea is rich in Vitamin C.

15) Bibba (Semecarpus anacardium Linn):

FAM.: Anacardiaceae
COM. NS.: Bibba (Marathi); Bhilawa, Bhallatak (Hindi)
HABITAT:
The tree is widely distributed throught the hotter part of India. It is frequent in dry
deciduous forests of central India. Common in dry deciduous forests of Maharashtra
spreading over Khandesh, Marathwada and East Maharashtra. A moderate to large
sized deciduous tree attaining height of 12 m -15 m, with large stiff leaves. Leaves
crowded at the ends of branches, alternate 20-60 cm long and 10-30 cm broad,
obovate/oblong with prominent secondary nerves. The tree is leafless in MarchApril. Bark 2-5 cm thick, dusky gray, blackish, with irregular quadrangular plates
separated by narrow longitudinal furrows. In old trees bark is rough with exfoliating
scales. Inner surface of bark is red, exuding juice which blackens on exposure.
PARTS USED:
Fruits: Astringent, anti-inflammatory, antitumour. Used in rheumatoid arthritis
andfor the treatment of tumours and malignant growths.Seeds: It yields bhilawa nut
shell liquid used for marking.Bark is astringent in nature. It exudes gum resin used
in leprous infection
LOC.USES:
Bibba is used both, internally as well as externally. The fruits, their oil and the seeds
have great medicinal value, and are used to treat the wide range of diseases.
Externally, the oil, mixed with coconut or sesame oil, is applied on wounds and sores
to prevent the pus formation. It soothens and heals the cracked feet, when mixed
with Sal (Shorea robusta). For better healing of wounds, it works well, when
medicated with garlic, onion and ajavayana in sesame oil. The topical application of
its oil and swollen joints and traumatic wounds effectively controls the pain. In
glandular swellings and filariasis, the application of its oil facilitates to drain out the
discharges of pus and fluids and eases the conditions. Internally, bhallataka is widely
used in a vast range of diseases because of its multifarious properties. It is
extremely beneficial in the diseases like piles, colitis, diarrhea, dyspepsia, ascites,
tumours and worms. It augements the appetite, cleanses the bowels, dispels the
trapped gases and eliminates the worms.

16) Adulsa (Adathoda vasica nees.):

FAM.: Acanthaceae
COM. NS.: Malabar nut, Malabar chestnut, White vasa, Yellow vasa, Vasaka.
CHAR.:
The plant has been recommended by Ayurvedic physicians for the management of
various types of respiratory disorders. It possesses potent bronchodilatory,
expectorant, anti-spasmodic and anti-septic properties. It also possesses significant
antimicrobial activity against gingival inflammation and pyorrhea. It has also shown
Uterine stimulant activity, moderate hypotensive activity and thrombopoeitic activity.
The leaves of the plant contain two major alkaloids called vasicine and vasicinone
which are responsible for its medicinal properties. The bronchodilatory & expectorant
properties of the leaves are attributed to vasicine. Recent investigations on vasicine
showed bronchodilatory activity comparable to theophylline, which is a
methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD or
asthma.
HABITAT:
Adulsa, also known as vasaka, is distributed all over the plains of India & in lower
Himalayan ranges, ascending to a height of 1.5 m.
LOC.USES:
1. The juice from the leaves and the decoction of the leaves and roots are helpful in
asthma, bronchitis, and chronic coughs and breathlessness.
2. It is commonly used for bleeding disorders, local bleeding due to peptic ulcer,
piles, menorrhagia. It provides relief in pyorrhoea and for bleeding gums when
applied locally.
3. It relieves muscular spasms, cramps or convulsions due to its antispasmodic
property.
4. It is used for stimulating contraction of the uterine muscle, facilitating or speeding
up childbirth.
5. It is also used for lowering blood pressure in mildly hypertensive patients.

17) Raktrohida (Tecomella undulata):

FAM.: Bignoniaceae
COM. NS.: tasua harin-hara, harinhara, harinkhana, raktharohida, rohitaka,
rohithaka
HABITAT:
Tecomella undulata is a tree species, locally known as Rohida found in Thar
Desert regions of India and Pakistan. It is a medium sized tree that produces
quality timber. Tecomella undulata is a deciduous or nearly evergreen tree of arid
and semi arid regions. It occurs on flat and undulating areas including gentle hill
slopes and sometimes also in ravines. It is well adapted to drained loamy to sandy
loam soil. The tree is a strong light demander. It is drought, frost, fire and wind
hardy. At the time of flowering (DecemberFebruary) it produces beautiful showy
flowers in yellow, orange and red colours. Three types of flower bearing trees can be
observed near to each other in the same vicinity.
LOC.USES:
Tecomella undulata has got medicinal properties as well. The bark obtained from the
stem is used as a remedy for syphilis. It is also used in curing urinary disorders,
enlargement of spleen, gonorrhea, leucoderma and liver diseases. Seeds are used
against abscess. Traditionally in Musakhel, Pakistan its flower used for Hepatitis.

18) Simaruba(Bursera simaruba):

FAM.: Burseraceae
COM. NS.: Gumbo limbo,tourist tree, turpentine tree.
HABITAT:
Generally found in dry forests, but sometimes in wetter forests; common in
advanced secondary growth. Bursera simaruba is medium-sized, deciduous tree, 1830 m tall, with a relatively thick trunk and a diameter of 60-80 cm. It has large,
spreading, crooked branches and thin foliage. This aromatic tree is easily recognized
by the smooth, reddish-brown or copper-coloured bark, which peels off in papery
flakes and exposes the greenish-brown layer beneath. Leaves compound, arranged
in a spiral, 15-30 cm long. Leaflets are bright or dark green, ovate-lanceolate and
oblong with an acuminate apex and an asymmetric base. Flower clusters are
terminal and lateral, branched and narrow; flowers are on slender, usually short
stalks; male and female flowers are mostly on different trees, but some flowers are
bisexual. The drupe like fruit is diamond shaped, slightly 3 angled, pointed at both
ends, dark pink, splitting into 3 parts.
PARTS USED: Bark
LOC.USES:
The bark is a common topical remedy in Belize for skin affections like skin sores,
measles, sunburn, insect bites and rashes. A bark decoction is also taken internally
for urinary tract infections, pain, colds, flu, sun stroke, fevers and to purify the
blood. A strip of bark about 4 -5 cm x 30 cm is boiled in a gallon of water for 10
minutes for this local remedy and then used topically or drunk as a tea.

19) Hirda (Terminalia chebula):

FAM.: Combretaceae
COM. NS.:
Terminalia chebula (Yellow Myrobalan or Chebulic Myrobalan; Tamil:"Kadukkai";
Assamese: Silikha; Gujarati: Himmej; Telugu: Karakkaya, Sanskrit: haritaki.
HABITAT:
Found in deciduous forests of Indian subcontinent, dry slopes up to 900 meters in
elevation It is a deciduous tree growing to 30-metre (98 ft) tall, with a trunk up to 1metre (3 ft 3 in) in diameter. Medium to large deciduous tree up to 30 m. Leaves are
elliptic-oblong, acute tip, cordate at the base, margins entire. Flowers monoecious,
dull white to yellow, strong unpleasant odour, borne in terminal spikes or short
panicles. Fruits glabrous, ellipsoid to ovoid drupes, yellow to orange brown in colour,
single angled stone.
PARTS USED: Fruit
LOC.USES:
In Ayurveda as well as in traditional practice Haritaki takes in fundamental medicinal
properties. The fruits are widely used for curative purpose. They are credited with
laxative, digestive, carminative, stomachic, tonic, expectorant, anthelmintic,
antidysenteric and alterative properties. In Ayurveda they are used to promote
healing of wounds, ulcers and swellings, to treat skin and eye diseases, diabetes,
chronic and recurrent fever, anaemia, cardiac disorders, diarrhoea, dysentery, cough
and dyspnoea; Haritaki are also found in combination with other ingredients in
numerous Ayurvedic preparations for treating a wide variety of conditions and
diseases. The ripe fruit is used as an astringent, usually in combination with the
fruits of both Terminalia bel-lirica {belliric myrobalan) and Phyllanthus emblica
(Euphorbiaceae), which together comprise Triphala, a well-known Ayurvedic drug.
The unripe fruits are used to treat dysentery and diarrhoea, and the ripe fruits for
treating ophthalmia, diseases of the spleen, and piles. The fruit pulp also includes a
large amount of medicinal property; it is used as a dentifrice to cure bleeding gums,
as a gargle for stomatitis, and as a local application to promote healing of chronic
ulcers and wounds. The fruits are steeped in water overnight and this water can be
used as cooling eyewash to relieve conjunctivitis. In southern Orissa, a paste is
prepared from the pericarp of the fruit and is taken with curd (yoghurt) to relieve
diarrhoea. The fruit reportedly relieves asthma when coarsely powdered and smoked
in a pipe. A fine paste of the fruit with carron oil promotes healing of burns and
scalds. The unripe roasted fruits and boiled seeds are used by the tribal inhabitants
to relieve coughs.

20) Katesawar (Bombax ceiba):

FAM.: Malvaceae
COM. NS.: Red Silk Cotton, Katesawar, Shalmali, Semal
CHAR.:
Bombax ceiba is rich in many phytochemicals, among the active constituents found
in this herb we can mention: Lupeol, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, triterpenoids,
saponins, cholesterol, stigmasterol, campesterol and a-amyrin, hydrocarbons, seven
flavones: vicenin 2 (1), linarin (2), saponarin (3), cosmetin (4), isovitexin (5),
xanthomicrol
(6), apigenin (7), cadinane sesquiterpenoids,
bombamalones,
bombamaloside, isohemigossypol-1-methyl ester, acid lactone, bombaxquinone,
lacinilene C [8], sesquiterpene lactone, naphthoquinone [10], naphthoquinone [12],
mangiferin, xanthone, anthocyanins.
HABITAT:
The tree is widely planted in Malay, Indonesia, south China, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
This tree is commonly known as Semal (Hindi: Shimul in India. It is widely planted
in parks and on roadsides there because of its beautiful red flowers which bloom in
March/April. This tree is quite common in New Delhi . The cotton fibers of this tree
can be seen floating in the wind around the time of early May. This tree shows two
marked growth sprints in India- in spring and during the monsoon months. Bombax
ceiba, like other trees of the genus Bombax, is commonly known as cotton tree. This
tropical tree has a straight tall trunk and its leaves are deciduous in winter. Red
flowers with 5 petals appear in the spring before the new foliage. It produces
a capsule which, when ripe, contains white fibres like cotton. Its trunk bears spikes
to deter attacks by animals. Although its stout trunk suggests that it is useful for
timber, its wood is too soft to be very useful.
PARTS USED: The bark, flowers, gum and prickles.
LOC.USES:
1. Anti-inflammatory, used for Healing wounds, improves complexion, Bleeding
piles and diarrhea, it Controls cough.
2. Stomatitis or inflammation of the mouth, biliousness or excessive secretion of
bile and disease of the blood.
3. The crushed bark is applied over swellings.
4. The crushed flowers are applied over wounds.
5. The crushed prickles, mixed with milk are applied over the body to improve
complexion and remove blemishes.
6. The decoction of the bark and flower is used to take care of bleeding piles
and diarrhea.
7. A small portion of the crushed fruit is boil in water and used as a gargle to
control cough.
8. The decoction of the gum is used to take care of the last set of ailments
under Medicinal use.

21) Korphad (Aloe Vera Mill):

FAM.: Xanthorrhoeaceae
COM. NS.: Chinese Aloe, Indian Aloe, True Aloe, Barbados Aloe, Burn Aloe, First Aid
Plant
HABITAT:
Aloe is cultivated both for ornamental and medicinal purposes. It is short stemmed
and the spiny-toothed leaves are very succulent of juicy. The dropping flowers are
yellow in color. When the plant is mature, from the middle an erect stalk grows out
which is a meter in height. The fruit is an oval capsule containing numerous seeds.
PARTS USED: The leaves and leaf pulp.
LOC.USES:
1. Promotes menstrual flow.
2. Softens swollen parts and relieves pain in muscles.
3. Works as a good laxative.
4. Kills or expels worms from the body.
5. Heals wound and fresh cuts.
6. Soothes burns, cures eczema and failing hair.
7. Eye diseases.
8. Checks the growth of tumors, enlargement of the spleen, liver complaints,
asthma, leprosy and jaundice.
9. The fruit form jelly-like pulp in the leaves, applied externally, is soothing
in cases of burns, wounds and cuts, eczema, and failing hair.
10. The leaf pulp is recommended for promotion of menstrual flow, expelling
worms, in eye diseases, as a laxative and for checking growth of tumors,
enlargement of the spleen, liver complaints, asthma, leprosy and
jaundice.
11. The cuticle removed from the leaves can be applied as a suppository in
cases of hemorrhoids or piles.

22) Pandhari Nirgudi (Vitex Negundo Linn.):

FAM.: Lamiaceae
COM. NS.:
Hindi: nirgundi; Sanskrit:, sindhuvara; Telugu : Sindhuvara and Bengali: Nishinda,
nirgudi in marathi.
HABITAT:
Vitex is a large common shrub, sometimes referred to a small tree. The plant has a
thick grey colored bark and the leaves are 5 to 10 cm. long. The plant bears very
small bluish-purple flowers found in clusters on the terminal ends of the branches.
The tiny fruit called drupes is less than 6 mm in diameter and black in color when
mature.
PARTS USED: The roots bark, leaves and fruits.
LOC.USES:
1. As a tonic, febrifuge or a medicine that reduces or eliminates fever, and
expectorant or an agent which removes mucous secretions from the bronchial
tubes.
2. Vermifuge or an agent which helps in expelling worms from the body.
3. For relief from headache.
4. Checks pain and swelling of joints caused by acute rheumatism.
5. Catarrh which is an inflammation of the mucous membrane with a free
discharge.
6. Toothache and eye disease.
7. The decoction of the root is used as a tonic, febrifuge and expectorant.
8. The infusion of the leaves or dried fruits is used as a vermifuge,
9. A pillow stuffed with the leaves of this plant is placed under the head for relief
from headache.
10. Fomentation of the leaf extracts, after boiling, and applied onto the swollen
joints (caused by acute rheumatism) works wonders.
11. The dried leaves are used for fumigation or are smoked to take care of
catarrh.
12. The decoction of the leaves, bark and roots are used for toothache,
rheumatism, eye diseases as a tonic and as a vermifuge.

23) Vekhand(Acorus calamus):

FAM.: Acoraceae
COM. NS.:
"sweet flag" and "calamus" other common names include beewort, bitter pepper
root, calamus root, flag root, gladdon, myrtle flag, myrtle grass, myrtle root,myrtle
sedge, pine root, rat root, sea sedge, sweet cane, sweet cinnamon, sweet
grass, sweet myrtle, sweet root, sweet rush, and sweet sedge. Common names in
Asia include: "vacha"; "bacch" (Unani); "bajai," "gora-bach," "vasa bach" (Hindi);
"vekhand" (Marathi); "vashambu" (Tamil); "vadaja," "vasa" (Telugu); "baje"
(Kannada); "vayambu" (Malayalam); "bhutanashini," "jatila" (Sanskrit)
HABITAT:
A herbaceous plant with long, creeping and much-branched aromatic rhizomes.
Flowering shoots supported by a large leaf like structure called spathe. Flowers
small, pale-green, in 5-10 cm long cylindric spikes called spadix; fruits yellowish in
colour.
LOC.USES:
The dried rhizomes of the plant constitute the drug Calamus and are used in
medicine. Due to presence of a volatile oil, Calamus acts as a carminative, that is , it
relieves flatulence and feeling of overfulness of stomach, and increase appetite. It
is considered a household ramedy for an flatulent colic. Due to its essential
oil contents, its act as an expectorant, that is ,it promotes flow of bronchial
secretions and is useful in diarrhea and dysentery. Calamus also acts as emetic and
larger doses can causes violent vomiting. The leaves and rhizomes are also used
for flavouring drinks, for for perfumery roots are used as vermifuge. The oil from the
rhizome is good nerve-stimulant and the essential-oil-free alcoholic extract show
marked sedative and analgesic. The antibacterial activity of the rhizome has recently
been shown experimentally.

24) Jambhul (Syzygium cumini):

FAM.: Myrtaceae
COM. NS.:
Syzygium cumini is also known as jambul /jambhul /jambu /jambula /jamboola, Java
plum, jamun, jaam/kalojaam, jamblang, jambolan, black plum, Damson plum, This
fruit is called Jamun in Hindi, Urdu and Punjabi, Neredu Pandu in Telugu, Naaval
Pazham in Tamil, Naaval Pazham in Malayalam, Nerale Hannu in Kannada, Kalojam
or Jam in Bengali, Jamukoli in Oriya and Jambu in Gujarat.
CHAR.:
Jambolan is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid,
isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid,
jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin, which halts the diastatic conversion
of starch into sugar and seed extract has lowered blood pressure by 34.6% and this
action is attributed to the ellagic acid content. The seeds have been reported to be
rich in flavonoids, a well-known antioxidant, which accounts for the scavenging of
free radicals and protective effect on antioxidant enzymes and also found to have
high total phenolics with significant antioxidant activity and are fairly rich in protein
and calcium. Java plums are rich in sugar, mineral salts, and vitamins C, PP which
fortifies the beneficial effects of vitamin C, anthocyanins and flavonoids
HABITAT:
Jambolan is a large evergreen and densely foliaceous tree with greyish-brown thick
bark, exfoliating in woody scales. The wood is whitish, close grained and durable;
affords brown dyes and a kind of a gum Kino. The leaves are leathery, oblong-ovate
to elliptic or obovate-elliptic with 6 to 12 centimeters long , the tip being broad and
less acuminate. The panicles are borne mostly from the branchlets below the leaves,
often being axillary or terminal, and are 4 to 6 centimeters long. Flowers are
scented, greenish-white, in clusters of just a few or 10 to 40 and are round or oblong
in shape and found in dichotomous paniculate cymes. The calyx is funnel-shaped,
about 4 millimeters long, and toothed. The fruits are berries and are often obviously
oblong, 1.5 to 3.5 centimeters long, dark-purple or nearly black, luscious, fleshy, and
edible; it contains a single large seed
LOC.USES:
All parts of the jambolan can be used medicinally and it has a long tradition in
alternative medicine. From all over the world, the fruits have been used for a wide
variety of ailments, including cough, diabetes, dysentery, inflammation and
ringworm. It is also an ancient medicinal plant with an illustrious medical history. It
is widely distributed throughout India and ayurvedic medicine (Indian folk medicine)
mentions its use for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Various traditional
practitioners in India use the different parts of the plant in the treatment of diabetes,
blisters in mouth, cancer, colic, diarrhea, digestive complaints, dysentery, piles,
pimples and stomachache. During last four decades, numerous folk medicinal reports
on the antidiabetic effects of this plant have been cited in the literature. In Unani

medicine various parts of jambolan act as liver tonic, enrich blood, strengthen teeth
and gums and form good lotion for removing ringworm infection of the head.

25) Poplar (Populus tremula):

FAM.: Salicaceae
COM. NS.: Euphrates poplar, Indian poplar
CHAR.:
volatile oil, up to 2% (including cineole, bisabolene, bisabolol and humulene), resins,
palicin and populin, phenolic acids.
HABITAT:
Populus euphratica is a medium-size to large deciduous tree with rarely a straight
stem; often bushy, but attaining a height of about 15 m and a girth of 2.5 m under
favourable conditions. Bark on old stems is thick and rough, olive green, with
irregular vertical figures; stem is often bent and nearly always forked; sapwood is
white and broad; heartwood is reddish, often almost black at the centre. It is shallow
rooted, the roots spreading widely. Leaves are highly polymorphic; narrowly oblong,
usually entire; leaves on mature shoots 5-7.5 cm long. Seed minute, enveloped in
silky hairs.
PARTS USED: Leaf buds
LOC.USES:
The sticky resin of poplar buds contain salicin which your body converts to aspirin.
Buds from Populus nigra, P. canadensis, and P. tacamahaca are the most common
ones used therapeutically. Poplar buds infused in oil make a healing remedy
for muscle soreness and headaches. Poplar is used for the topical treatment of minor
cuts and abrasions, hemorrhoids, sunburns , frostbite, and other skin care needs.

26) Palas (Butea monosperma):

FAM.: Fabaceae
COM. NS.:
Palash, Dhak, Palah, Flame of the Forest, Bastard Teak, Parrot Tree, Keshu (Punjabi)
and Kesudo (Gujurati).
CHAR.: Palash is considered anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anthelmintic,
antidiabetic, diuretic, analgesic, antitumor and astringent. Its leaves are astringent,
diuretic and antiovulatory properties. Its flowers are tonic and nutritive. Its roots are
used to treat night blindness.
HABITAT:
Common throughout the country upto 1,200m ; grows in grass lands, water logged
situations, black cotton soils and saline soils. Other Countries: Pakistan, Myanmar
and Sri Lanka. Small, medium sized, deciduous tree, untidy in growth.
Height : 10-15, girth 5-6. Important lac host tree.Leaves : trifoliate; large and
rough. In Northern parts leafless during January to March.
LOC.USES:
1. Crotch itch (Dhobi itch or jock itch)
Take Palash seeds and pound in lemon juice. Apply on affected area.
2. Intestinal parasites
The seeds of palash tree are anthelmintic and laxative. Its fresh seed juice is
given with honey.
3. Inflammation, Sprain, Swelling due to any reason (Arthritis, Moch)
Palash or daak flowers are used to treat inflammation, swelling and sprain in
body. Take Palash flower and cook in steam. For cooking in steam take vessel
full of water, bring it to boil when steam starts coming put a mesh or grid on
it as lid. Put flowers on it. Apply these flowers on affected part.
4. Blood purification
Palash flowers are used to remove body toxins. For this purpose dried or fresh
flowers can be used. Take dried flowers and grind in mortar and pestle to
make powder. Take 1 -2 gm daily.
5. Sexual
Dysfunction,
Intestinal
infection,
ulcer
Take dried palash flower and make powder. This powder (1 teaspoon) should
be taken twice a day with misri and milk.
6. Diabetes, discharge. Take palash flower powder (2 gm) with misri (2 gm). If
suffering
from
diabetes
do
not
mix
misri.

27) Ranvangi (Solanum nigrum):

FAM.: Solanaceae
COM. NS.: Bush tomato, Indian nightshade, Poison berry, Sparrow's brinjal (India).
Barhatta, Brihati, Kantakari.
HABITAT:
Solanum americanum and Solanum nigrum are weeds of waste land, old fields,
ditches, and roadsides, fence rows, or edges of woods and cultivated land. Solanum
americanum is probably of southern Europe origin, but is now a common weed of
waste lands, and edges of cultivated land in most parts of the world. Solanum
nigrum is established as a weed in similar habitats Annual branched herb up to 90
cm high, with dull dark green leaves, juicy, ovate or lanceolate, toothless to slightly
toothed on the margins. Flowers are small and white with a short-pedicellate and five
widely spread petals. Fruits are small, black when ripe, glossy and in an umbel (S.
americanum) or dull and in a raceme (S. nigrum).
PARTS USED:
The whole plant, gathered in early autumn, when in both flower and fruit and dried.
Also the fresh leaves.
LOC.USES:
The plant has a long history of medicinal usage, dating back to ancient Greece. It
was
a
traditional
European
medicine
used
as
a
strong sudorific, analgesic and sedative with powerful narcotic properties, but was
considered a "somewhat dangerous remedy". Internal use has fallen out of favor
in Western herbalism due to its variable chemistry and toxicity, but it is used
topically as a treatment for herpes zoster. S. nigrum is an important ingredient in
traditional Indian medicines. Infusions are used in dysentery, stomach complaints
and fever. The juice of the plant is used on ulcers and other skin diseases. The fruits
are used as a tonic, laxative, appetite stimulant; and also for treating asthma and
"excessive thirst". Traditionally the plant was used to treat tuberculosis. This plant's
leaves are used to treat mouth ulcers that happen during winter periods of Tamil
Nadu, India. Apart from its use as a home remedy for mouth ulcers, is used in
cooking like spinach. In North India, the boiled extracts of leaves and berries are
also used to alleviate liver-related ailments, including jaundice. In Assam, the juice
from its roots is used against asthma and whooping cough. S. nigrum is a widely
used
plant
in
oriental
medicine
where
it
is
considered
to
be
antitumorigenic, antioxidant,
anti-inammatory,
hepatoprotective, diuretic,
and antipyretic. Chinese experiments confirm that the plant inhibits growth
of cervical carcinoma in mice.

28) Chitrak (Plumbago Indica):

FAM.: Plumbaginnaceae
COM. NS.:
Plumbago, Scarlet leadwort, Lal chitrak (Hindi, Marathi), Ogni (oriya), Rakt-chitrak
(Bengali), Akkini (Tamil), Kalochitrak (Gujarati), Chitramulika (Kannada), Kotuveli
(Malayalam), Tambdi chitrak (Konkani)
HABITAT: It is found in areas of Sikkim, and eastern Himalaya region. It is
cultivated throughout India.
LOC.USES:
Powder obtained from the roots of Chitrak can be consumed with honey to improve
digestive system. It also improves appetite and boosts the general health of the
body. Those suffering from skin problems like ring worm may apply crushed fresh
roots on the affected portion. Take fresh roots of Chitrak plant; wash them properly
to remove soil impurities. Dry the roots and crush them. Apply the paste for relief
from itching. Herbal doctors also suggest root paste of Chitrak for quick healing of
wounds. Chitrak bark, make it into paste and apply on the joints. Gently massage
the paste mixed with coconut oil on the affected portion for relief from rheumatic or
joint pains. Ready-made ointment for rheumatic pains is also available. Chitrak root
powder is often prescribed for obesity. The herbs help in the improvement of body
physiology and fights excess fat, thus reducing the overall weight. There have been
some research studies at laboratory level wherein Chitrak extract has been found to
contain anti-carcinogenic properties.

29) Panpimpli (piper longum):

FAM.: Piperaceae
COM. NS.: Long Papper, Pipli
ABITAT: Most deciduous to evergreen forests
PARTS USED: Roots, Fruit, Stem
LOC.USES:
Piper longum or long papper is good for aromatic, stimulant, carminative,
constipation, gonorrhea, paralysis of the tongue, advised in diarrhea, cholera,
scarlatina, chronic malaria, viral hepatitis. Piper longum is most commonly used to
treat respiratory infections such as stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen,
cough, tumors, and asthma. When applied topically, it soothes and relieves muscular
pains and inflammation. In ayurvedic medicine, it is said to be a good rejuvenator.
Piper longum helps stimulate the appetite and it dispels gas from the intestines. An
infusion of piper longum root is used after birth to induce the expulsion of the
placenta. It is used as sedative in insomnia and epilepsy. Also as cholagogue in
obstruction of bile duct and gall bladder.

30) Shivan (Gmelina arborea):

FAM.: Verbenaceae
COM. NS.: beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood,
white teak, yemane, bhadraparni, gambhari, gandhari, kasmari, shriparni
HABITAT:
The species occurs in a variety of forest habitats, including tropical semi-evergreen,
sub-montane, very moist teak forests, deciduous, sal and dry teak forests. G.
arborea occurs in the western Himalayas & in west Bengal, this species grows best
on high silt deposits near rivers. It is wide spreading with numerous branches
forming a large shady crown, attains a height of 30 m or more and a diameter of up
to 4.5 m. Bark smooth, pale ashy-grey or grey to yellow with black patches and
conspicuous corky circular lenticels. Leaves opposite-decussate, mostly rather soft
and limp; petioles cylindrical. Flowers abundant, scented, reddish, brown or yellow,
in terminal and axillary. Fruit a drupe, 1.8-2.5 cm long, obovoid, seated on the
enlarged calyx, glossy and yellow when ripe.
PARTS USED: The drupes are reported to contain butyric acid traces of tartaric acid
and resinous and saccharine matter, the latter two also in the roots, which contain
traces of benzoic acid.
LOC.USES:
The root decoction is used in folk remedies for abdominal tumors in India. Reported
to be anodyne, demulcent, lactagogue, refrigerant, stomachic, and tonic, gmelina is
a folk remedy for anasarca, anthrax, bilious disorder, bites, blood disorders, cholera,
colic, convulsions, delirium, diarrhea, dropsy, dyspepsia, epilepsy, fever, gout,
,gravel, headache, hemorrhage, intoxication, madness, phthisis, ratbites,
rheumatism, rinderpest, septicemia, smallpox, snakebite, sores, sorethroat, splenitis,
stomachic, swelling, and urticaria. Deeming the fruits alterative, aphrodisiac,
astringent, diuretic, and tonic, Ayurvedics prescribe them for alopecia, anemia,
consumption, leprosy, strangury, thirst, and vaginal discharges; the flowers for blood
disorders and leprosy; the root, deemed anthelmintic, apertif, laxative, and
stomachic, for abdominal pains, burning sensations, fever, hallucinations, piles, thirst
and urinary discharges

31) Moh (Madhuca indica):

FAM.: Sapotaceae
COM. NS.: honey tree, butter tree, moha, mohua, madhuca, illuppai, kuligam,
madurgam, mavagam, nattiluppai, tittinam, mahwa, mahua, mowa, moa, mowrah
CHAR.: The bio-chemicals found in the tree include semisolid fixed oil (50 55%),
which has 40% oleic acid, 26% palmitic acid, 13% linoleic acid and 16% myrsitic
acid. The seed cake from the tree contains moruin, a glycocidal saponin with toxic
effect. Dried flowers of the tree contain 52% of invert sugars, 2% of sugar, 2% of
albuminoids, 2% cellulose and 15% aqueous contents. The ash includes salicylic
acid, phosphoric acid, calcium, iron, potash and traces of soda apart from other
compounds.
HABITAT:
It is an Indian tropical tree found largely in the central and north Indian plains and
forests. It is a fast-growing tree that grows to approximately 20 meters in height,
possesses evergreen or semi-evergreen foliage. It is adapted to arid environments,
being a prominent tree in tropical mixed deciduous forests in India in the states of
Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh,
Kerala, Gujarat and Orissa Mahua is one of the most important Indian forest trees
because of its delicious and nutritive flowers with abundant vegetative growth. It is
cultivated in warm regions for its oleaginous seeds. It grows well on a wide variety of
soils specially on alluvial soil in Indo- gangetic plain. Mahua being hardy thrives well

on rocky, gravely, red soils and also on saline and sodic soils. It grows even in
pockets of soil between crevices of barren rock.
PARTS USED: seeds, bark, flowers and fruits
LOC.USES:
1. Painkiller or analgesic properties: Madhuka contains painkilling
properties. Studies on animals showed that after administering Madhuka
extracts, chemically induced pains had decreased significantly, suggesting
Madhukas use as a pain killer.
2. Anthelmintic properties: Helminthiasis or the presence of worms in the
intestines is one of the major issues in developing countries. With the use
of chemicals based medicines, the resistance of worms has also been
increasing. An alternative is plant based medicines. Studies on
anthelmintic properties of various plants had revealed that Madhuka can
be highly effective in killing these worms.
3. Diabetes: Ayurveda has enlisted various medicinal plants which can
control diabetes and Madhuka is one of the those plants. Studies on
Madhuka extracts have shown a significant control of diabetes by
stimulating insulin, to control hormones which increase the blood glucose
level.
4. Ulcers: Madhuka can be used to treat gastro intestinal ulcers. The
extracts of Madhuka were tested on rats with stress induced ulcers. These
rats were administered Madhuka extracts which counteracted on the
gastric juices and helped in healing the lesions significantly.
5. Arthritis: According to Ayurveda, Madhuka can help to cure arthritis. Few
spoonfuls of the powdered bark boiled in water can be consumed, and the
oil of the seeds can be applied externally for better results. Its painkilling
properties can relieve from the sprains and swellings.

32) Bhui Awala (Phyllanthus Niruri):

FAM.: Euphorbiaceae
COM. NS.: Chanca Piedra, Quebra Pedra, Bhui Amla, Bhumyamalki Bhudhatri,
Tamalaki, Bahuphala.
CHAR.: Anodyne, Apertif, Antibacterial, Anti-inflammatory, Antihepatotoxic,
Antispasmodic,
Anti-viral,
Carminative,
Choleretic,
Digestive,
Diuretic,
Emmenagogue,
Febrifuge,
Hepatotonic,
Hypoglycemic,
Hypotensive,
Immunostimulant, Laxative, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge.
HABITAT: Phyllanthus is an herb common to central and southern India. It can grow
up to 3060 centimetres in height and blooms with many yellow flowers.
PARTS USED: All parts of the plant are employed therapeutically.
LOC.USES:
Whole plant of Bhui amla is used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is helpful for
indigestion, Jaundice, hyperacidity and for flatulence. It is also effective for chronic
cough, asthma, fevers, toxic conditions and supports digestive system. It is a good
rejuvenating and revitalizing herb. It has excellent blood purification properties thus
help to remove toxins from human system and removes cause of disease. Regular
use of Bhui amla is used in general debility in elderly and debilitating patients. Juice
of whole plant is given for liver protection. Paste of bhumyamalaki made with
buttermilk is recommended in jaundice.

33) Kumbha (Careya arborea):

FAM.: lecythidaceae
COM. NS.: patana oak, slow match tree, tummy wood, wild guava Gujarati: kumbh,
kumbhi Hindi: kumbhi,
pilu Kannada: kaval Konkani, in Goa: kombyo
Malayalam: peezh Marathi: kumbhi
CHAR.: Astringent (fruit and bark)
HABITAT: It is found scattered but is locally common in primary or secondary,
evergreen or deciduous, slightly seasonal forest, sometimes in more open country
and along forest edges, and is absent from perhumid rain forest. A deciduous, small
to medium-sized tree up to 20 m tall; Medium-sized tree with large ovate, ovateoblong leaves clustered at the end of the branchlets, old leaves often
red/purple; flowers large, white and pink, in dense spikes, fruits large globose green,
crowded with calyx tube, deciduous. Shady areas and forests of the subHimalayas
(from Jammu to West Bengal), Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh.
PARTS USED: Fruit, leaf, seed and bark
LOC.USES:
1. Snakebite
antidote (fruit and bark), in treating body pain, fever,
cold,cough, and leucoderma. The plant parts are used to treat snakebite,
ulcers, healing wound, cough, cold, abscesses and dysentery.
2. Abdominal pain: Grind the bark of Careya arborea with the bark of
Madei tree into paste. Soak the paste in water. After two to three days
filter with cloth and take the filtrate orally.
3. Body pain: Grind 20 g root of Careya arborea into paste. Boil the paste
with cow's milk. Take 50 ml of the mixture as a dose twice a day for one
day only.
4. Cold / Fever: Boil the bark of Careya arborea for 15 minutes. Take 25 ml
of this decoction with honey as a single dose twice a day for three to four
days.
5. Cuts/ Wounds: Grind the sun-dried bark of Careya arborea into powder.
Sprinkle the powder over the wounds.
6. Liquid purging: Grind the dried bark of Careya arborea with water to
make paste. Prepare pills of 5 g each from the paste. Take one pill as a
dose three times a day with water until cured.
7. Myalgia: Grind the bark of Careya arborea and the root of Bauhinia
variegata into paste. Take 10 g of this paste as a dose twice a day for 7
days.
8. Pain due to injury: Boil a long bark of Careya arborea in water for 15
minutes. Use the long boiled bark as bandage on the injured part.
9. Poultry lice: Keep the flowers of Careya arborea inside the poultry house
to get rid of lice in poultry.

10.Rabies: Grind the root of a small tree of Careya arborea. Make a pudding
by mixing the paste with broken rice. Administer the pudding to the
patient and advise patient to sit under the sun for a while. This will cause
vomiting and cure the patient.

34) Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus):

FAM.: Asparagaceae
COM. NS.: Shatawari, Shatmuli, Asparagus, Wild Asparagus, Asparagus root.
CHAR.: Shatavari herb plant contains triterpene saponins, called Shatavarin I-IV.
These support bodys natural estrogen production. The principal constituents of herb
are alkaloids, proteins, saponins and tannins.
HABITAT: Shatavari is found throughout tropical India into the Himalayan range up
to 1400 m in elevation, extending into SE Asia, Australia and Africa.
PARTS USED: Roots
LOC.USES:
Supports reproductive health by nourishing and toning the female reproduction
organs.
1. Supports normal hormone utilization and normal blood hormone levels
2. Relief of PMS symptoms such as pain and control of blood loss at time of
menstruation.
3. One of the key herbal rejuvenative for females.
4. Relieves from hot flashes, a menopausal symptom.
5. Promotes estrogens for the low levels of estrogens in women having a
menopause, oophorectomies or hysterectomies.
6. Promotes a strong libido.
7. Best-known as herb for women and used for help various women problems.
8. Support for normal functioning of digestive and immune systems.
9. Supports normal function of the immune and digestive system
10. Helpful in anxiety and nervousness.
11. Helpful for insomnia and promotes sound sleep.
12. Boosts appetite.