QB

Criteria for Cast Grinding Media of

Ningguo Fonda Grinding Media Inc
QB/FD03-2004

Chromium Alloy Cast Grinding Balls

for Minerals Industry

Issue Date: 2004-10-20

Execution Date:2005-01-01

Issued by Ningguo Fonda Grinding Media Inc

1 Context

2 Regulation and Reference

3 Ternimology and Definition

4 Product Classification

5 Technology Requirements

6 Experiment Approach

7 Regulation for Test

8 Package, Sign, Transit and Storage

1 Context
These criteria regulate the product classification, technology
requirements, experiment approach, regulation for test, package, sign,
transit and storage of chromium alloy cast grinding balls for minerals
industry.
These criteria can be applied to chromium alloy cast grinding balls for
minerals industry. (ab.cast balls).Other cast balls for industrial use can
also take these criteria as reference.

2 Regulation and Reference

These criteria take the terms from the following documents as
reference and therefore these terms are also effective in these criteria.
Some references are sited with date and their further amendments
(exclusive the content of publication) or editions are not applicable for
these criteria. The latest amendments and editions of those references
without date are applicable for these criteria.
GB/T22.3-1981
Measurement of Carbon in Steel and Alloy
GB/T223.2-1981 Measurement of the Quantity of Flow in Steel and
Alloy
GB/T223.3
The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Phosphor (NEQ ASTM E30-80)
GB/T223.4-1988 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Manganese by Ammonium Nitrate
Oxygenation
GB/T223.11-1991 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and
AlloyMeasurement of Chrome by Ammonium
Persulfate Oxygenation
GB/T223.14-2000 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Vanadium by Extracting
Luminosity
GB/T223.16-1991 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Titanium by Measuring Luminosity
through Discoloration
GB/T223.18-1994 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Molybdenum by Sodium
Hyposulfite Separation
GB/T223.26-1989 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Molybdenum by Measuring
Luminosity through Thiocyanate
GB/T223.60-1997 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,

Measurement of Silicon by Measuring the

Dehydrated Quantity of Perchloric Acid
GB/T223.63-1988 The Chemical Analysis Approach of Steel and Alloy,
Measurement of Manganese by Measuring
Luminosity through Sodium Periodate (Kalium)
(NEQ ASTM E350-85)
GB/T226
The Macroscopic Structure of Steel and Notch
Pickling Approach (NEQ ISO 4969-80)
GB/T230
Metallic HRC Experiment Approach (NEQ ISO
6508-86)
GB/T2828-1987
Batch Sampling Procedure, Technical Test
Procedure, and Sampling Sheet (applicable for
continuous batch test)
GB/T5611-1998
Melt Terminology
GB/T5678-1985
Melt Alloy Spectrum Analysis and Sampling
Approach
GB/T6414
Casting Parts Size Tolerance and Mechanical
Processing Remaining Quantity (EQV ISO
8026:1994)
GB/T17445-1998 Melt Grinding Balls

3 Terminology and Definition

The terminologies defined in GB/T5611, GB/T17445 and the
following terminologies and definitions are applicable in these criteria.
Medium Chromium abrasion-resistant cast grinding balls refer to
those cast grinding balls which contain Chromium more than 5% but less
than 10%, and whose eutectic carbides are mainly (Cr, Fe) 7 C 3 and (Cr,
Fe) C 3

4 Product Classification
4.1 According to the percentage of Chromium, cast balls can be classified
as high Chromium cast balls, medium Chromium cast balls and low
Chromium cast balls with 5 tallies. According to the heat processing,
cast balls with the same tally can be divided as quenching ones and
non-quenching ones.
4.2 There are 16 specifications of cast balls according to their diameter.
The diameter deviation of 10-25 and30-120 cast balls can
respectively answer for the regulations in GB/T6414-1999 on CT9
and CT10 accuracy. See Table 1

Table 1
Specification

Items

10

Diameter
Deviation

12

15

17

20

25

30

+1.5
-0.5

40

50

+1.5
-1.0

60

70

80

+2.0
-1.0

90

100

110

120

125

+2.5
-1.0

4.3 The indication approach of the tally of cast balls.

4.3.1 ZQ stands for cast balls.
4.3.2 The percentage of Chromium and its heat processing can be
reflected in the tally. A stands for quenching cast balls while B stands for
non-quenching cast balls.
4.4 The code of cast balls.
4.4.1 The code is composed of the tally and diameter of the cast ball.
4.4.2 Signals, numbers and meanings in the code:
ZQ Cr

diameter of the cast balls(mm)

heat processing
nominal percentage of Chromium
sign for Chromium
cast balls

4.4.3 Example: a cast ball with its tally ZQCr15A and diameter100mm
is to be labeled as: ZQCr15A-100.

5 Technology Requirements
5.1 The diameter deviation of the cast balls should be no more than that
of the balls with the same specification.
5.2 The shape deviation of the cast balls should be no more than the
diameter deviation of the balls with the same specification.
5.3 The chemical components of the cast balls should answer for the
regulations in Table 2

Table 2
Name

Chemical Components%

Tally
C

Mo

Cu

Ti

16-19

0-1.0

0-1.2

0-0.3

0-0.
15

0.10

0.06

14-16

0-1.0

0-1.2

0-0.3

0-0.
15

0.10

0.06

High
10-14 0-1.0
0-1.2 0-0.3 0-0.
ZQCr12 1.8- 0.3Chromium
15
3.2 1.5
Cast Ball
Medium
0-1.0
0-1.2 0-0.3 0-0.
ZQCr8
2.1- 0.5- 0.5- 7-10
Chromium
3.2 2.2 1.5
15
Cast Ball
Low
0-0.8 0-0.3 0-0.
ZQCr2
2.0- 0.5- 0.5- 1-3
0-1.0
Chromium
3.6 1.5 1.5
15
Cast Ball
Remarks: the chemical components within the brackets are applicable for A balls

0.10

0.06

0.10

0.06

0.10

0.08

High
Chromium
Cast Ball
High
Chromium
Cast Ball

Si Mn

ZQCr17

2.03.2

0.31.0

ZQCr15

1.83.2

0.31.2

0.41.5
(1.62.5)

Cr

5.4 Mechanics Property

5.4.1 The surface hardness of the cast balls should answer for the
regulations in Table 3

Name
High Chromium
Cast Ball
High Chromium
Cast Ball
High Chromium
Cast Ball
Medium Chromium
Cast Ball
Low Chromium
Cast Ball

Tally

Table 3
Surface Hardness(HRC)
Quenching (A)
Non-Quenching (B)

ZQCr17

56

48

ZQCr15

56

50

ZQCr12

56

50

ZQCr8

56

48

ZQCr2

52

46

5.4.2 If we go around the diameter through the runner centre on the

tangent plant from the runner centre to the nucellus, the HRC
difference should not be more than 2HRC for high Chromium cast
balls and 3HRC for medium and low Chromium cast balls.
5.4.3 The weariness life of cast ball in the falling sphere impact test: high
Chromium cast balls should be no less than 10000 times, medium
Chromium cast balls should be no less than 9000 times and low

Chromium cast balls should be no less than 8000 times.

5.5 There should be no crack, beading or other melt flaws which can
affect the property such as dispersed shrinkage, slag inclusion,
bubble and aliquation in the macroscopic structure of the cast balls.
5.6 The chip index and consumption of the cast balls should answer for
Appendix A. If a special occasion occurs, purchaser and supplier
should negotiate to reach the final agreement.
5.7 The appearance quality.
5.7.1 There should be no dispersed shrinkage, crack caused by melt and
heat processing, serious cold laps and pebbles on the cast balls.
5.7.2 The surface flaw of the cast balls can be regarded as acceptable
according to the regulations in Table 4.
Table 4
Acceptable Surface Flaws Should Be No More Than
Specification
runner(mm)

10S25
30S50
60S90
100S120

wide of the sand

around
runner(mm)

proportional
remaining
rag(mm)

1.0
2.0
0.8
1.5
3.0
1.0
2.0
4.0
1.0
2.5
5.0
1.5
Remarks: S in the table stands for the diameter of cast ball.

hole(not beading)
depth
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0

each
area
4
6
10
12

total
area
16
30
45
60

6 Experiment Approach
6.1 According to the regulations in 5.1, 5.2 and 5.7.2, if we use a
measuring mean with accuracy no less than 1/10mm to measure, we
should avoid the parts which can cause measurement error due to the
surface flaw.
6.2 To test and arbitrage 5.4 , see the regulations in GB/T22.3-1981,
GB/T223.2-1981,GB/T223.3-1988,GB/T223.4-1988,
GB/T223.11-1991, GB/T223.14-2000, GB/T223.16-1991,
GB/T223.18-1994, GB/T223.26-1989, GB/T223.60-1997,
GB/T223.63-1998: test executed according to GB/T5678-1985 is
acceptable.
6.3 Hardness difference and macroscopic structure fabrication
The sampling of hardness difference and macroscopic structure can
be fabricated by electric discharge wire-cutting approach. The tangent
plant of the sample should be vertical to the joint face of the cast ball
and through the centre of inner runner and nucellus. The cutting
surface should be grinded at least 1mm; If we employ the mechanical
processing approach to fabricate sample, the cutting surface should be
grinded at least 2mm.

6.4 To test the surface hardness (5.4.1) and the hardness difference (5.4.2),
see GB/T230. To test the hardness, check through the diameter of the
center of inner runner, in each 5mm.
6.5 To test 5.4, execute on the grinding face regulated in 6.3. The
approach should find reference in GB/T226.
6.6 To test 5.5 and 5.7.1, check by eyes.
6.7 To test the weariness life of cast ball in the falling sphere impact test
in 5.4.3, see the regulations in Appendix A of GB/T17445-1998.
6.8 To test the clip index and consumption in 5.6, see the regulations in
Appendix A.

7 Regulation for Test

7.1 The test of cast balls should be executed by the quality check
department.
7.2 The test classification: exworks test and overall test .
7.3 Exworks test includes: diameter deviation (5.1), shape deviation (5.2),
chemical components (5.3),surface hardness(5.4.1) and appearance
quality (5.7.1,5.7.2)
7.4 To test 5.1, 5.2, 5.7.1 and 5.7.2 , see GB/T2828-1987.
7.4.1 The sampling approach should be executed according to Table 3 of
GB/T2828-1987.
7.4.2 To test the quality level, see the common quality level in Table 2 of
GB/T2828-1987.
7.4.3 The classification and qualified standards of the disqualified
products, see Table 5.
Table 5
Quality Characteristics
Disqualification
Qualified Standards
Regulations in 5.7.1
Regulations in 5.1and5.2
Regulations in 5.7.2

A
B
C

1.0
4.0
6.5

7.5 To test the chemical components in 5.3, we should test furnace by

furnace and each time take out one sample to check. If the sample is
disqualified, then check again. If the sample is still disqualified, then
we take this furnace as disqualified.
7.6 To test the surface hardness of cast balls in 5.4.1, we should take out
at least 5 samples from the different parts of the furnace each time, if
the furnace is non-continuous heat processing furnace. If the furnace
is continuous heat processing furnace, we should take out at least 5
samples randomly every work period.
7.7 To test the regulations in 5.4.2 and 5.5, we should take out sample

randomly every half production month, if the cast balls are of same
tally and same processing technology. The cast balls of same tally and
same processing technology should be checked at least one time for
each month. The result of the weariness life of cast ball in the falling
sphere impact test should answer for the regulations in 5.4.3.
7.8 Overall test.
It requires an overall test if any of the following circumstances occurs
and the test should answer for all the technology requirements in
these criteria:
a. A new product is undertaken trial-produce;
b. The processing technology is undertaken an improvement which
might affect the quality of the products.
c. If the products have been batch produced, we should check at least
one time for every half year.
d. Re-produce after stopping production for a long time.
e. There is obvious difference between exworks test and previous
overall test.
f. The national quality inspection organ requires an overall test.

8 Package, sign, transit and storage

8.1 The package of the cast balls should be of safe materials(iron bucket
or woven bag) or in bulk. The package requirements should be
negotiated between purchaser and supplier to reach a final agreement.
8.2 Sign
Every batch exworks production should be attached a sealed qualified
certification (a qualified guarantee) from the quality check
department, saying:
a. Fondas product.
b. Tally.
c. Name, code and standards of the cast balls.
d. Batch number and exworks date of the product.
8.3 The storage of the cast balls should avoid the attack from acid, alkali
or water; The storage should be arranged according to the
classification, tally and specifications of the cast balls.

Appendix A
The Clip Index and Consumption of the Cast Balls
A1 The clip index should be calculated according to the following
formula:
P=(Q1+Q2)(Q3+Q4)100%
P--------the clip index of the cast ball, %;
Q1------the quantity of the clip balls from the mill in gear, t;
Q2------the quantity of the clip balls from the mill when the mill is
stopped for check, t;
Q3------the quantity of the grinding balls when the mill is to be first
installed, t;
Q4------the quantity of the adding grinding balls in the mill in gear, t.

A2 The balls consumption should be calculated according to the

following formula:
M =(Q3+Q4-Q5) 10 6 N
M-------the consumption of cast balls, g/t;
Q3------ the quantity of the grinding balls when the mill is to be first
installed, t;
Q4------the quantity of the adding grinding balls in the mill in gear, t.
Q5------the quantity of the cast balls which can be recycled, t;
N--------the total quantity of the materials used in the grinding
process, t.