PREFATORY NOTE TO THE EDITION OF 1919

The Assam Land Records Manual was brought into force in all the plains districts
of the province with effect from the year 1906-07, with the temporary exception of two
districts in Assam Valley then under resettlement, by the Chief Commissioners Resolution No. 5606-21R, dated the 7th October, 1905. Thus the Manual applied from 1st
April 1906 to the Surma valley, to the temporary-settled areas of which and of Goalpara
the system of field mutations had already been expressly extended by Resolution
No.5367R., dated the 21st September 1905, though those areas were excluded from
the establishment of the circle system introduced by this Resolution. The only part of the
temporarity-settled area of Sylhet where the Manual is not entirely in force is the Ilam
area, where the Chief Commissioner decided that the patwaris are not to record crops
or to correct the maps except to show new settlements [Revenue Department letter No.
925-Rev.-3637R., dated the 7th September 1903, to the Director of Land Records and
Agriculture, a copy sent to Deputy Commissioner, Sylhet, with my office No.2854, dated
the 12th September 1903]. The deliberate inclusion of the Surma Valley is noted here
for the benefit of officers serving there because there has been a tendency to regard the
Manual as mainly applicable to the Assam Valley districts, partly because the words
mandal dariabadi and others peculiar to these districts were used in the old Manual,
and partly because of the numerous prsecriptions regarding the survey of new land
which hardly exists in the greater part of the Surma Valley. It must not be forgotten that
there are large areas in the Assam Valley districts in which cultivation is as stable as
it is in the Surma Valley do in the Surma Valley and that mutations form the principal
Work in them as they do in the Surma Valley.
In order to-remove any doubts arising from nomenclaure the word recorder has
been substituted in the English edition of this revised Manual for the word mandal and
an endeavour has made to avoid the use of all other names peculiar to the Assam Valley
districts. In the Assamese and Bengali translation of the Manual the nomenclature appropriate to either Valley will be used and there is no intention to abolish. either the
mandal or the patwari and to call both recorders. Where fluctuating cultivation or waste
land does not exist, the rules regarding the assessment of such land will not apply in
either Valley: the rules referred to are given in the list below which it is hoped is fairly
complete.

List of Rules which generally have no application in

settled and established areas
17-18. Unsurveyed areas.
19. Assessment of new land.
20. Striking -off of land from assessment rolls.
21-22. Relinquishment.
23. Faut, ferar and jotrahin lists.
35. Simul trees marking theodolite stations.
43. Verification of relinquishments.
45. (No application in Sylhet).
46. Safeguard against assessing highland rice twice over.
47. Numbering new fields.
48-52. Fluctuating areas.
58-59. Treatment of sarkari dags.
79. Mapping of new cultivation.
80. Verification of relinquishments.
81. Preparation of faut, ferar and jotrahin lists.
83. Particulars of new fields.
87. Verification and classification of areas.
90. Annual jamabandi.
106 Inking of periodic fields on the map.
109. Survey for supplementary settlement.
112. Supplementary settlement pattas.

The 3rd April, 1918

J. McSWINEY,
Director of Land Records and
Agriculture, Assam.

PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION

Since the Manual was last published, remarkable changes have taken place throughout the State. The country has attained independence, vast schemes of development
under the successive Five Year Plans have broken the age long isolation of the village,
population has increased phenomenally, land has become scarce relinquishment rare,
Jungles have disappeared and cultivation has extended to the sandy churs of the
Brahmaputra and the rocky slopes of the Himalayas. No wonder that such changes
would have their impact on land administration and, consequently, on the land-records.
Thus, squatting has since been prohibited, tribal belts have been created, payment of
premium has been made obligatory before conversion of annual land to periodic, ceiling
on new settlement of lands has been imposed, and powers of the primary settling
authority have been drastically cut.
2.
Nevertheless, over the years, experience has shown that the basic structure of the land-records will remain unchanged for a long time to come. The chitha, the
jamabandi, the field map, the field-mutation, the extension survey, the crop-re-cording,
all these will continue to form the foundation of the land records so long as the present
system of land administration remains. The changes called for by the circumstances
mentioned in the preceding paragraph do not alter the basic structure and so these
have been incorporated in this edition without disturbing the original arrangement of the
book. There is some advantage in keeping the original arrangement undisturbeds
because not only the staff but even the villagers have become acquaintedn with the
serial number and contents of some long-standing an important rules of this Manual,
such as for example, rule 105 dabout conversion of annual patta to periodic, rule 13
about issue of D.L.Rs certificate for survey, rule 6 about residence of a recorder, rule
211 about field mutations and so on.
3.
The rules in respect of which imporatant changes have been made in this
edition are mentioned below :
Rule 1. Appeal against the order of appointment of recorder has been provided
for.
Rule 4 and Rule 126. Punishing and appellate authority with regard to punishment of Supervisor Kanungos and recorders and the limitation period for appeals have
been clarified.
Rule 12. The original rule regading free-stuentship to a young man of a backward
locality has been deleted.
Rule 15.The rule has been slightly recast to suit modern conditions.
Rule 25. This rule about crop-inspection tours has been recast in view of the
increased number of crops to be recorded.
Rule 56 to Rule 69. The entire section relating to the chitha has been recast in
3

view of the new forms of the chitha that has been prescribed as a result of the direction
of the Government of India to adopt nine- fold classification of land use and to record
a large number of new crops and to collect other collateral information, e.g., area under
irrigation, area under mixed crops, sources of irrigation, and so on.
Rule 57 and Rule 82. The portion relating to the power of the recorder to mutate
names of occupants in annual pattas in Lakhimpur and Darrang Districts as provided
for in the original rules has been deleted. The old rule 57, substantially altered, has been
renumbered as Rule 58.
Rule 105. This well-known rule has been recast so as to provide for payment of
premium and for the restrictions already prescribed in the Settlement Rules under the
Assam Land and Revenue Regulation.
Rule 112. This rule has been completely recast so as to provide for preparation
of various abstracts on a uniform all-India basis.
Rule 125. Appeal against order of appointment of Supervisor Kanungo has been
provided for.
Rule 209 A to Rule 209 C. These have been recast, re-arranged and renumbered so as to be in conformity with Government new settlement policy.
Rule 214 A to Rule 217 A. These have been rearranged and renumbered for the
sake of convenience.
J. N. DAS,
The 10th May, 1964

Director of Land Records,

Assam.

CONTENTS
Part -I
Recorders
Rule

Pages

Section 1. Appointment and qualifications

1-14

18

2 Duties-General

.....

.....

......

15-38

820

3 Field map

.....

.....

......

39-56

2127

4 Chitha

....

.....

......

57-69

2838

5 Jamabandi

....

.....

......

70-75

3839

6 Spring Tour

....

.....

......

76-84

3941

7 Summer recess

....

.....

......

85-106

4247

8 Winter Tour

....

.....

.....

107-109

4748

9 Winter recess

....

.....

.....

110-113

4954

10 Unsurveyed areas

.....

......

114-124

5455

Part - II
KANUNGOS
SECTION - I
SUPERVISOR

KANUNGO

Appointment, promotion, transfer, punishment, etc.

125-133

Information to rayats

56-59

.....

.......

.......

134

59

.....

......

.......

135-139

60

Duties-General.....

......

.....

......

......

140-146

6061

Check of field work

....

....

.....

......

147-159

6265

Check of recess work

....

.....

......

160-171

6567

Registers

.....

.....

....

.....

.....

172-175

6768

Returns

....

....

....

....

....

176-179

6869

Diary

.....

.......

SECTION - 2
REGISTER KANUNGO
Appointments, etc.

....

.....

.....

180-181

6970

Maintenance of Jamabandi register

.....

182-187

7074

Records and Maps

....

.....

188-191

74

Instruments forms, stationery, register

....

192-196

7577

Crop Statement

.....

....

197

77

Sub-Deputy Collectors diary.

....

....

198

78

Pay bills

....

...

199-200

78

...

...

201

78

....

.....

......

.....

....
....

Orders of Deputy Commissioner

....

PART III
SUB-DEPUTY COLLECTORS
Duties-general ....

....

......

.....

.....

202

7879

Tour

.....

....

....

......

....

....

203

79

Recess ....

....

...

....

...

...

204

79

Diary

...

...

...

....

...

205

7980

....

....

....

...

206-208

8081

...

...

...

209

8183

Mutations and field partitions

...

...

210-217

8390

Survey ...

....

....

....

218

90

Diaries of staff and instruments

....

....

219-220

9091

Revenue enquiries

....

....

....

....

221

91

Annual returns ...

...

...

...

....

222

9193

Registers

...

...

...

....

223

9394

Deputy Commissioner and Subdivisional Officer

224

95

Director and Assistant Director of Land Records

225

9596

....

Check of work

Settlement of Waste land

....

...

....

PRT IV
INSPECTION

APPENDICES

Appendix A. Points for inspection.

Appendix B. I. Standard forms.
II. Non-standard forms.
III. Revised forms of chitha, crop abstract, area abstract, irrigation
abstract.
Appendix C. Resolution of Government dated 25th September 1958 on settlement of agricultural lands.
Appendix D. Instruction of Government dated 6th March 1959 on the Government
Resolution of 25th September 1958.

LAND RECORDS MANUAL

PART I-RECORDERS
SECTION I- Appointment and qualification.
1. - (a) Recorders are appointed by the Deputy Commissioner but
during the resettlement period additional temporary recorders purely for
the purpose of resettlement operation may be appointed by the Settlement officer. The sanction of the Director of Land Records shall be obtained prior to appointment of a man who does not possess a certificate
of the Assam Survey School or a certificate granted by the Director of
Land Records under Rule 13.The sanction of the Director of Land Records
shall be obtained prior to appointment of a qualified man over 25 years
of age and such appointment should be made only in very special circumstances. In case of a qualified candidate belonging to Scheduled Tribe or
Scheduled Caste the age limit may be relaxed up to 30 years.

Appointment

(b) An appeal from the order of Deputy Commissioner for appointment to a permanent post shall lie to the Director of Land Records within
a period of 60 days form the date on which the appellant receives a copy
of the order appealed against.
(c) An appeal from the order of the Director of Land Records shall
lie to the Government in the Revenue Department within a period of 90
days from the date on which the appellant receives a copy of the order
appealed against.
2. Subject to the sanctioned cadre of the district, the grant of grade
promotion to a recorder rests with the Deputy Commissioner.

Promotion

3. The Deputy Commissoiner can transfer a recorder from one lot to

another within his
district but no resident recorder should be transferred
from his lot without the sanction of the Director of Land Records.

Transfer

During the currency of a Re- settlement Operation, the Settlement

Officer, will exercise the powers of the Deputy Commissioner in respect
of temporary, additional recorders working under the Settlement Officer
in matters relating to appointment, transfer and promotion.
4. (1) Deputy Commissioners, Sub-Divisional Officers, Settlement
Officers, Sub- Deputy Collectors and Assistant Settlement Officers may, in
their respective jurisdictions and subject to the restrictions hereinafter
mentioned impose on the recorders under mentioned penalties.
8

Punishment

(i) Censure (ii)Withholding of increments or promotion, (iii) recovery

from pay of the whole or part of any pecuniary loss caused by negligence
or breach of orders to the Government of Assam or the Central Government or any other State Government or any local or other authority to
whom services of a Government servent had been lent, (iv) reduction to
a lower service, grade or post or to a lower time-scale, or to lower stage
in a time scale, (v) compulsory retirement, (vi) removal from service
which shall not be a disqualification for future employment, (vii) dismissal
from service which shall ordinarily be a disqualification for futurer employment and (viii) fining;
Provided that no order of dismissal, removal, compulsory retirement or reduction shall be passed except in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Assam Services (Discipline and Appeal) Rules,
1964:
Provided further that Sub-Divisional Officer, a Sub-Deputy Collector or an Assistant Settlement Officer shall not impose any other penalty
than a fine which shall not exceed Rs. 5 (five) at a time.

(2) The following table shows the Punishing and Appellate authority with
regard to punishment of Supervisor Kanungos and Recorders (Mandals or
Patwaris) (vide Revenue Department letter No. RLR 305/58/75, dated 8th October 1963).
Punishing authority
Minor punishment
e. g. censure,
witholding of increments, recovery from paetc.
(1)

Appellate authority against the order of

punishing authority
Major punishment
e. g. dismissal,
removal, compulsory retirement and reduction in rank
and pay.

Minor punishment

(2)

(3)

Major punishment

(4)

I. Supervisor Kanungos (Both permanent and temporary)- during normal period.

Deputy Commissioner.

Commissioner of
Division

Commissioner of Division Government in the

Revenue Department

*II.Supervisor Kanungos (Permanent) during resettlement period.

Settlement Officer Cmmissioner of Director of Land Records
Division.

Government in the
Revenue Department.

III . Supervisor Kanungos (Temporary) during the resettlement period.

Settlement Officer Commissioner of Director of Land Records
Division.

Government in the
Revenue Department

IV. Mandals (Both permanent and temporary) during normal period.

Deputy Commissioner Deputy Commi Director of Land Records
ssioner

Director of Land
Records

V. Mandals (permanent) during the resettlement period

Settlement Officer

VI.

Deputy Commi Director of Land Records

ssioner

Director of Land
Records

Mandals (temporary) during resettlement period.

Settlement Officer

Settlement Officer

Director of Land Records

Director of Land
Records.

*(II) Although the Deputy Commissioner is the appointing authority in regard to the permanent
staff, the Settlement Officer will pass order for minor punishment on them during resettlement period.

10

3. Along with the annual report, the Deputy Commissioner or the

Settlement Officer, as the case may be, will forward to the Director of
Land Records a statement of all punishment imposed during the year on
the recorders of his district.
(4) (a) An appeal from the order of the Sub-Deputy Collector /
Assistant Settlement Officer/Sub Divisional Officer shall lie to the Deputi
Commissioner / Settlement Officer, as the case may be, within a period
of 30 days from the date on which the appellant receives a copy of the
order appealed against.
(b) An appeal from the order of the Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner or the Settlement Officer shall lie to the Government, Commissioner or the director of Land Records, as the case may be, within a
period of 30 days from the date on which the appellant receives a copy
of the order appealed against.
5. Proposals for the creation or the redistribution of lots involving any
increase or decrease in the sanctioned staff of recorders of a district will
be submitted by the Deputy Commissioner direct to the Director of Land
Records. The Director of Land Records will scrutinize and submit them
with his recommendation or remarks, if any, to Government for sanction.
In submitting such proposals, the grounds for them, together with statistics
of total and settled area, number of established and fluctuating and of
surveyed and unsurvered villages, number of periodic and annual dags,
land revenue, and if the proposal is based on extension of cultivation, the
newly-settled area for the last three consecutive years, in the existing and
the proposed lots should be clearly set forth. In this connection any direction issued by Government from time to time regarding the standard size
of a recorders lot should also be borne in mind. Proposals for the redistribution of lots involving neither increase nor decrease in the sanctioned
staff of recorders of the district may be sanctioned by the Commissioner
after consultation, if necessary, with the Director of Land Records.

Increase of
staff

6. A recorder must be a permanent resident with Residence in his

lot with his family. But the Deputy Commissioner may grant exemption
from the obligation when the recorders home is within two miles of the
limit of his lot. Exemption may be granted by the Commissioner in other
cases but only in exceptional circumstances where he is satisfied that
such residence would cause undue hardship. Such recorders should submit his application for exemption within two months from the date of his
appointment.

Residence

A recorder who is not resident within the meaning of this rule or has
not secured exemption will receive no promotion in the shape of increment or otherwise, and will be liable to be discharged when he can be
replaced by a resident recorder.
11

7. Under the Government Servants Conduct Rules, a recorder must

make a declaration of all immoveable property held or acquired by himself, his wife or any member of his family living with or in any way dependent upon him.
No recorder is allowed to acquire by direct settlement, for himself or
for any member of his family living with or in any way dependent upon him,
any right in immoveable property within his lot without specific sanction of
the Deputy Commissioner in each case. Any settlement made in contravention of this rule will be liable to cancellation on the ground of fraud.
Qualification

8. The normal qualifications required of a candidate for appointment as recorder are

(1)
He must be 18 years of age or over and not above 25
years. In case of Scheduled Tribe and Scheduled Caste candidate, the
age limit may be relaxed upto 30 years;
(2)
He must hold a certificate from the proper authority that he
has passed at least the Middle English or Middle Vernacular or Middle
English Madrassa standard of instruction;
(3) He must possess a certificate of the Assam Survey School or a
certificate granted by the Director of Land Records under Rule 13;
(4) He must not be, in the opinion of the Deputy Commissioner,
physically and morally unfit for the appointment.
No permanent appointment will be given to a man who is not resident in his lot or has not been specially exempted from being resident
under Rule 6.

Survey
School
Certificate

9. (1) All persons holding the office of recorder who do not hold a
certificate and who have not been exempted will be required to attend the
Assam Survey School and to pass the prescribed examination. The
Deputy Commissioner will make necessary arrangement for sending
them to the Assam Survey School as early as possible.
(2) Only one recorder at a time will ordinarily be sent from any subcircle to the Survey School, and during his absence his work may be
distributed among the recorders of the contiguous lots, or if in the opinion
of the Deputy Commissioner a substitute is required, one may be appointed on grade pay for such period, as the recorder under training may
require to enable him to qualify. Recorders who are thus deputed for
training entitled will be to draw their grade pay during the period of training, whether substitutes are taken or not.
(3) All recorders who are deputed for training to the Assam Survey
School will be eligible for travelling allowance as admissible for Class III
Government employees for their journeys to and from the School once
only.
12

Recorders, permanent or temporary, deputed for training in the

Assam Survey School for regular course or special class course, are also
allowed pay and other allowances usually admissible to them and also
lodging allowance at Rs. 30 (thirty) Per Mensem during the period of their
training.
10. A recorder who fails to pass the examination at the close of his
first term of study will be liable to summary dismissal.
11. Under special circumstances and after consultation with the Director of Land Records, the Deputy Commissioner may permit a recorder
who fails to pass at the end of the first term to remain at the School for
a second term, but in this case, he will draw no pay until he has succeeded in passing the exmination.
12. Recorders who fail to attend regularly after their names have
been entered on the school list will lose their pay for each day of absence
except when leave is granted by the Principal of the School on urgent
private affairs or in case of sickness supported by medical certificate and
accepted by the Principal.
13. The Director of Land Records may, on the recommendation of
the Deputy Commissioner or Settlement Officer, grant survey certificate to
uncertificated men who in the course of extension survey have surveyed
independently at least 500 Bighas of cultivated land and whose work has
been checked and found accurate by an officer not below the rank of SubDeputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer. These certificates will be
given in exceptional circumstances and when an adequate explanation for
non-attendance at the Survey School is submitted. Ordinarily all recorders
should have passed through the Survey School. Recorders holding only
the Survey Certificates given by the Director of Land Records should at
the earliest be sent to the Survey School to the Refresher Course or less
efficient mandals:
Provided that during the resettlement operation if sufficient number
of trained recorders be not available, arrangement may be made with the
Survey School authorities for a six weeks training of suitable candidates
in survey work before the field season begins. The successful candidates
will be given the necessary training in map revision and chitha writing and
may later be recommended, if their work during settlement is found satisfactory and accurate, for Survey certificates under this rule.
When a certificate has been lost or spoilt, the owner, if he requires
a duplicate should apply to his District Officer or to the Settlement Officer
if the district is under resettlement, sending with his application a sum of
Re.1. The District Officer or the Settlement Officer will credit the fee to
Government and forward the application, with a copy of receipted chalan,
to the Director of Land Records, Assam for necessary action.
13

Reward

14. Provision will be made annually for the grant of rewards to recorders who have discharged their duties with conspicuous merit.
Deputy Commissioner may sanction, within their budget limits, rewards (i) for extension survey in accordance with the fixed scale (vide rule
18) and (ii) for good work other than extension-survey upto a limit of Rs.
25 in each case (individual payments over Rs. 25 require the
Commissioners sanction).

SECTION 2 DutiesGeneral
Principal
duties

15. The records principal duties fall under three broad categories,
viz. (i) maintenance of land Recorders, (ii) collection of agricultural statistics and (iii) assistance in revenue administration.
(i) The first category of his duties includes the recording of mutations, field-inspection, survey of areas newly occupied, preparation of
field-map, compilation of chitha, preparation of record-of-right, inspection
of survey marks and the keeping of land and revenue records upto date
by necessary correction.
(ii) The second category includes recording of area under different
crops and other land uses and cropwise irrigated area with source by
field-to-field inspection, conducting crop cutting experiments, assisting
Supervisor Kanungo in preparation of crop-forecast and compilation of
area, crop and irrigation abstracts.
(iii) Under the third category, he is to assist Mauzadar in
preparartion of his records for collection of revenue. He is to prepare the
list of faut ferar and jotrahin lands, assess newly settled lands and
detect concealed cultivation. He is to submit report on encroachment of
Government land Professional Grazing Reserves Public grazing reserves
and other reserved lands. He is to report about damage of crops or other
calamities and do all other works given to him by the circle officer in
connection with revenue administration.
Besides the above, he is to assist other Government Departments
in various miscellaneous works entrusted to him from time to time by the
Deputy Commissioner.
16. In surveyed areas, the procedure for carrying out these duties
rests upon the maintenance of (a) a field map (b) a field catalogue or
chitha and (c) a field ledger or jamabandi. The chitha will be in the
revised form appended, and will include all the fields (dags) of a village.
It shall continue in use for three years. The jamabandi for periodically and
annually settled holdings will be in Form 3. Fields periodically settled will
be recorded separately from fields annually settled, and for the latter only
will a fresh jamabandi be annually prepared, entries affecting the
formerbeing kept up-to-date by correction.
14

The copy of the periodic jamabandi referred to in these rules is

known as the local periodic jamabandi. When the local periodic
jamabandi becomes clumsy or illegible owing to numerous corrections, a
fair copy of the confused entries should be made at the end of the
jamabandi with cross references, and every entry must be compared and
initialled by the Supervisor Kanungo.
17. In unsurveyed areas no map is maintained but the same form of
chitha and jamabandi will be used and the records for annual and periodic
holdings will be prepared separately.
18. Recorders whose lots are as yet unsurveyed will be expected to
gradually survey them. When the settled area lies in detached blocks
separated from one another by large stretches of jungles, no attempt need
be made to lay down village boundaries. Each block can be surveyed and
plotted independently by triangulation, its general position being indicated
on an index map traced from the quarter inch-Revenue-Survey maps in
the district office. Recorders who extend the survey of their lots under this
rule will be entitled to a reward calculated at 3 paise per bigha of cultivation. If the different operations in extension survey are carried out by several recorders the reward may be distributed as below:
Unsurveyed
3 paise per bigha......
Rs. 60-50p. per square mile
areas their
(i) Survey .......................
Rs. 20

survey :
(ii) Chitha writing
Rs. 14

(iii) Area calculation

Rs. 6

(iv) Revenue calculation

Rs. 6
per square mile
(v) Jamabandi writing
Rs. 4

(vi) Inking or tracing

Rs. 10

For the purpose of making this calculation it will be taken into account all settled dags and small sarkari dags of areas not exceeding 25
Bighas each.

In extension surveys the Supervisor Kanungo should run at least two

linear miles of check lines in each square mile of survey i.e., approximately one chain in 12 bighas and the Sub-Deputy Collector at least one
check line in each village. No map should be passed and no recommendation for rewards made unless the work has successfully come through
both these tests.
19. The recorder is responsible that all land that is taken up on order
of settlement of proper authority on proper application is brought on to the
chitha and jamabandi as settled and is assessed. When correcting his
map the recorder must have with him all sanctioned applications for settlement of waste land of the current year, and after surveying and plotting on
the map the areas settlement of which has been sanctioned, he will endorse the applications to this effect and will return these to office.
15

The
assessment
of
new
Land

This rule, however, does not apply to encroachment on Sarkari land

and on land reserved for public purposes and on Professional grazing
reserves and Village grazing reserves. The recorder will note down such
unauthorised occupation separately in a blank page in the beginning of
the chitha and report to the Deputy Commissioner/Sub-Divisional Officer
through the Sub-Deputy Collector for action under Rules 18 and 95 of the
Rules under the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation. While reporting
encroachment on Sarkari land suitable for settlement, the recorder will
briefly mention in his report whether the encroacher is a landless cultivator
or is holding land less than 12 bighas in his name and in the name of other
members of his joint family.
The recorder will also be responsible for making a separate chitha
and Tauzi-bahir jamabandi of his entire lot for all encroached lands in his
lot with a view to facilitate assessment of tauzi bahir revenue. The recorder will also prepare a list of persons who hold lands in excess of the
limit laid down by the law of ceiling.
The striking
off of land
from the
assessment
roll

Relin
quishment

20. No field that has been assessed to revenue in one year may be
removed from the chitha and the jamabandi of the following year unless
(a) it has been relinquished under the rules by a written notice, (b) it is
found to be abandoned and its former cultivactor has either died (faut), or
left the village (ferar) or has lost all his resources (jotrahin), or (c) its
settlement has been annulled by order to this effect.
21. Notices of relinquishment will generally be made over to the
recorder under the endorsement of the officer receiving them, and the
recorder will enter them in a register in Form 5 and will check them in the
course of his Spring tour. It should be noted that a part of a dag cannot
be relinquished.
The following procedure will be observed in dealing with relinquishment petition:(1) Every such petition shall be initialled by the Cricle SubDeputy Collector on receipt, and all petitions received shall
be sorted according to the recorders lots. The petitions will
then be made over to the respective recorders keeping a list
in a bound register of the number of petitions made over to
each recorder. The list of petitions made over to recorders
should be entered in the bound register from year to year.
(2) The recorder will enter the petitions in a register in Form 5,
will check them in the course of his spring tour and return
them after enquiry to the Sub-Deputy Collector who will pass
orders. The petitions should be kept in the circle office until
completion of the supplementary settlement papers and then
sent to the district or subdivisional record room.
16

(3) The Sub-Deputy Collector should, in the course of his tours,

check and initial the recorders relinquishment registers and
all erasures and interlineations therein in token of their accuracy.
(4) The recorder will keep the register until the Sub-Deputy
Collector has finished checking it and then, under orders of
the Sub-Deputy Collector, he will deliver it to the district or
subdivisonal Record Keeper, who will destroy it after 3 years.
(5) Fields (Dags) that have been relinquished will be excluded by
the recorder from the chitha and jamabnadi. But he will reinclude fields (dags) the settlement holders of which are
found by him to be in possession. He will maintain a list of
such fields on a blank page at the beginning of the chitha and
will assess them with the 50 per cent penalty under Rule 25
of Section I of the Settlement Rules framed under the Assam
Land and Revenue Regulation.
22. The recorder will annually prepare for each village in Form 6 a
separate list of all fields abandoned by settlement-holders who are dead
(faut), untraceable (ferar) or insolvent (jotrahin) noting whether they were
annually or periodically settled. The list in triplicate must be completed by
the 1st May.

Faut, ferar
and
jotrahin
field

The recorder should simultaneously make over a duplicate list of

such fields to the mauzader, who will be permitted to suggest in writing
additions or alterations to the list upto 1st June by which date he must
forward it to the Sub-Deputy Collector.
23. The recorder will also during his winter tour make a list in Form
K appended, of all fields which have been converted from agricultural to
non-agricultural use and are liable to altered or additional assessment
under the Rules framed under the Assam Land Revenue Re-assessment
Act and submit the same to the Sub-Deputy Collector not later than 15th
February. These lists are to be checked by the Sub-Deputy Collector
during his spring tour and submitted by him to the Deputy Commissioner
with his notes and recommendations. If under Deputy Commissioners
orders the assessment is to be altered or additional assessment imposed, the necessary changes will be included in the regular settlement
abstract. The changed classification will be entered in the chita and the
recorders class book under the initial of the Sub-Deputy Collector. The
changes in revenue will be calculated and entered in the recorders
jamabandi in red ink. The corrections in the jamabandi register will be
checked by the Registrar Kanungos in the ordinary way when the recorder attends the Registrar Kanungos office.

17

Altered assessment
of
fields
converted
from agricultural to
non-agricultural use.

The procedure described above will also apply in the case of town
lands which become liable to re-assessment under settlement Rule 74 on
change of use.
Record of
annulments

Crop
inspection
Tours.

24. Orders for the annulment of settlement will be noted by the

recorder in the remarks column of the chitha.
25. The recorder annually will make two tours of field inspection,
viz, a spring tour from 15th February, to 15th June and a winter tour from
1st November, to 15th January.
During the spring tour the recorder will ascertain and note down in
the chitha the settlement and assessment particulars and area under different crops grown during the season. The crop-wise irrigated area will be
noted in the chitha against each dag. He will devote the period from 15th
May, to 15th June, particularly to crop inspection by field to field visit.
On completion of the spring-tour, the recorder will come to Circle
Office for the summer-recess in order to prepare the papers for regular
settlement and Crop Abstract Part I. He should arrive office for this purpose by the 15th June without fail and submit village-wise Crop Abstract
Part I for his lot to the Supervisor Kanungo within 1st July. He should be
permitted to return to his lot as soon as possible and endeavours should
be made to limit the period of his attendance to two months.
During the Winter tour, in addition to supplementary settlement work,
the recorder will make field-to-field inspection and collect detailed land
uses statistics including area under different crops, cropwise area irrigated with source and note down the same in the chitha. He will be very
particular in recording information on double and multiple cropped areas
and also see that area under winter paddy harvested during the month of
October are recorded in the chita . He will devote the periods from 1st
November to 30th November and from 1st January to 15th January specially to crop inspection work.
On completion of Winter tour, the recorder will come to Circle Office,
and prepare the supplementary settlement papers, Crop Abstract Part II,
Irrigation Abstract and Area Abstract under supervision of the Supervisor
Kanungo. He should attend Circle Office not later than the 15th January
and should not be detained for longer period than at most a month.
The crop year for this purpose will be taken to commence on 1st July
and end on 30th June. The crop Abstract Part I which the recorder will
prepare during the summer recess, and Crop Abstract Part II, Area Abstract and Irrigation Abstract which he will prepare during the winter recess, will relate to this crop year.

Correction
of
jamabandi
register

26. When the recorders recess station is not at the head quarters
of the Registrar Kanungo, he will, towards the end of the summer recess,
go to the Registrar Kanungos office with his chitha and jamabandi in
order to make the transfers and corrections referred to in rules 100-103.
18

On these occasions the recorder should not be detained for a longer

period than one week in the Registrar Kanungos office, and to facilitate
the disposal of work, the recorders should be sent to the Registrar
Kanungos office in batches (rule 100) and not alltogether.
27. No recorder may, except in very special circumstances, get
leave of absence even without pay during the following periods, except on
production of a medical certificate signed by Medical Officer-in-charge of
a dispensary :

Absence
from duty

Amendment Suggested by the Sub-Committee.

(1)
November 1st to date of submission of the area crop and
irrigation abstracts.
Committee :(2)
settlement.

March 1st to date of completion of all papers of the regular

Provided that in cases of illness of which the duration is short or the

character severe the certificate of the Sub-Deputy Collector may be accepted by the Deputy Commissioner, and in cases of emergency SubDeputy Collectors may grant casual leave upto 10 days in the year.
In all cases not covered by these certificates, when a recorder does
no work during the months mentioned he will lose at least double the pay
otherwise due to him for the period of idleness.
28.
The recorders have been declared to be ministerial officers
with effect from the 1st January, 1932 (vide Government Order No. 264R, dated the 20th January 1932). Their services are, therefore, superior
for all purposes irrespective of their pay. They are entitled to travelling
allowance at rates admissible for Class III Government Officers and single
second class fare for their Railway and Steamer journey on duty.
The rates of halting allowances for the period of eight weeks in the
year for recess at circle head quarters shall be 0.50 P. a day when there
are no barracks and 0.25 P. a day when there are barracks. Halting allowance at the usual rate for the period of halt in excess of 8 weeks for
recess work at circle head-quarters is admissible in individual cases
where the halt or detention was in public interest and was necessitated by
causes beyond the recorders control and is certified as such by the SubDeputy Collector. Recorders living within two miles of recess head-quarters are not entitled to halting allowance.
The rates of mileage and halting allowances (other than for recess)
referred to above shall also apply to journeys and halts outside the
recorders lots.
29. (1) The recorder shall maintain a diary in a paged bound book
in which he shall enter each day what work he has done during the day,
19

Diary

where he has been working, and where he spent the night.

(2) On a blank page in the beginning of the diary should be recorded
the date, attested by the Supervisor Kanungo, of filing for his lot,
(a) The last paper of the regular settlement;
(b) The last paper of the supplementary settlement; and (c) The crop
statement.
At the beginning of the diary on a blank page should also be gievn
(d) An abstract showing the total area of Khiraj, Nisf-Khiraj and Lakhiraj
land in each village of his lot as well as the total area of the grants and
special tenures.
(3) When the Sub-Deputy Collector, the Supervisor Kanungo or any
other officer inspects the recorders work, he will briefly record the results
of his inspection in the recorders diary against the date of his visit.
(4) When the recorder has occasion to visit the circle or Sadar or
any Government office, he will invariably obtain in his diary the signature
of the officer-in-charge of the office he attended, attesting the number of
days on which he was occupied.
Weekly abstract diary

(5) Every Sunday the recorder will forward to the Sub-Deputy

Collectors headquarters (using the service stamp, if available) a weekly
abstract diary in From 14. Failure to submit the diary will be punishable
with fine of 50 (fifty) paise or any other action.
The abstract diaries should be destroyed six months after the period
to which they relate.

Attendance
on
Mauzadar

30. The recorder should attend the Mauzadar when required by him
on official duties and in connection with the disposal of chitha mutations,
but a recorder should never be called outside his lot or at a time when the
Sub-Deputy Collector requires his services.

Information
to raiyats.

31. The recorder must give the raiyats any information touching their
own holdings which they may require of him, especially as to the dag
numbers of the fields they may wish to relinquish. Recorder should know
for every village in his lot the rates per bigha at which unsettled lands can
be taken up and will inform any person desiring to know. He will also give
any other information regarding land matters to any person desiring to
know.

Demarcation of
holdings.

32. Application for demarcation of holdings shall be affixed with

Court-fee stamps on the following scale or on such other scale as may be
fixed by the Government from time to time. The scale will be double for
town lands
(a) For the first 5 bighas or a part of the same Rs. 2.00
(b) For the next 5 bighas or any broken part, another Re.1.
20

(c) For every subsequent 5 bighas or part thereof Re.1. and so on.
No stamps will be required for pointing out the boundary of any land
used for public purposes or land under the Co-operative and Collective
farming or any land donated under the Bhoodan Movement.
33. A register of all permanent survey marks in each village will be
maintained in form 7. The recorder should visit each mark annually, noting
the visit in his diary and recording in the register the condition of the mark
and any repairs which may be needed. He must take early action to cause
these repairs or renewals to be effected.
The recorder will also annually inspect all the boundary marks of the
areas which have been reserved for public purposes within his lot, such
as grazing grounds, and supply such information regarding them as may
be required by the Deputy Commissioner. Such marks will be entered in
the Register of Survey marks in the spare pages at the end of the book
under a separate serial number beginning with number one.
In addition to the register, each recorder will keep a mujmuli map
of his lot on the scale of 4 inches to the mile, showing all the marks which
have been assigned to his charge. There will be a separate serial for
each lot, beginning with number 1, and the numbers in the Mujmuli map
will correspond with the numbers in the register. This serial will run through
all the marks in the same lot, whatever be their nature, and will run from
north -west to south-east. No mark should be assigned to two or more
recorders. In the distribution of marks the recorder on the north or west
of a mark will take precedence of the recorder on the south or east.
The mujmuli map should indicate the various marks by the following
symbols:
= Stone prism,
concrete,

=Square mark of stone masonry or

= all other marks, including kanungos dhips.

When a simul or other tree has been planted in accordance with rule
35, a cross will be placed above the afore-mentioned symbols. Although
only these three symbols will be used on the mujmuli maps, the entries in
the register will describe the marks in the fuller detail in accordance with
the descriptions in the actual returns.
Marks which have disappeared and have been definitely abandoned
should not be shown in the register or in the mujmuli map. When a new
mark is erected, it will be entered on the map in red ink and will receive
a new page in the register and a serial number immediately following the
last existing number on the map.
An abstract of all the marks will be kept on the fly-leaf of the register
of each recorder.
21

Survey
mark.

Manitenance
of Survey
marks

34. In established villages the recorder is responsible for maintenance of all boundary marks and all simul trees, mounds, or stones which
may have been put up at the time of the cadastral survey or since the
completion of the cadastral survey.
35. Where the odolite stations shown in the maps are marked by a
simul tree planted 5 feet magnetic north of the odolite peg, should the tree
die or be destroyed, the recorder shall replace it by a cutting not less than
10 feet long, 6 inches in diameter in the middle, planted 3 feet deep in the
ground. Around this should be erected a mound well rammed and fenced
with bamboo. These mounds must be maintained uninjured.
No simul tree that has been planted to show the survey mark will be
replaced except during the rainy weather. The best time for replacing
injured or dead simul trees is immediately after the weather breaks in the
spring. i.e. during the months of April, May and June. No replacement,
construction or major repairs shall be made, unless the circle Sub-Deputy
Collector personally inspects such survey marks and recommends to that
effect.
36. In certain cases where the survey marks interfere with traffic or
are in danger of being washed away it is necessary to remove such
survey marks. In all such cases, the Deputy Commissioners orders must
be taken and following procedure observed.
Trijunction points, which are marked by stone prisms, should never
be interfered with unless it is necessary to move the prism to prevent it
from being was hed away. In such cases the prism should be conveyed
to the nearest the odolites station which is free from danger and set up
there. In the case of an ordinary the odolite station which it is desired to
move, the mound should be shifted one, two or three chains as may be
convenient, in a straight line towards one or other of the adjacent stations.
The change thus made should at once be indicated, not only on the
recorders map for the current year, but also on all copies of the map in
office. In this connection it should be remembered that the change will
often have to be indicated on two and in the case of trijunction points on
three, different maps.
Should the recorder be unable to discover or be doubtful about the
exact poisition of the odolite station or boundary mark, he must never
mark, it permanently on the ground except under the direct supervision
and in presence of the Supervisor Kanungo.

Making over
charge

37. Should a recorder be transferred, he must personally make

over to his successor all the registers and papers and instruments of his
lot. The recorder shall prepare the charge report in triplicate and one copy
shall be sent to the Circle Office. A list of pending papers of the lot shall
also be prepared in duplicate at the time of making over charge and one
copy will be sent to the Circle Office.
22

38. The follwing registers and statements shall be maintained and

prepared by the recorder:

Registers
and
returns.

1) A copy of the re-settlement class map and the class book.

2) Current chitha.
3) Periodic Jamabandi.
4) Annual Jamabandi.
5) Relinquishment Register.
6) Faut, Ferar and Jotrahin list.
7) Register and mujmuli map of survey marks.
8) Area and crop statement.
9) Diary.
10) Settlement Abstract
11) Note book of map checking.
12) A statement showing the sanctioned bigha rate of each village.
13) A register of annulled estates.
14) A register of encroachment cases.
15) A register of persons who holds lands above the limit laid down
in the law of ceiling (150 bighas).
16) Irrigation Abstract.
17) A register of the Members of the gramsabhas under the Assam
gramdan Act, 1961.

Section 3. Maintenance of the Field map.

39. In villages in which cultivation changes but little, the recorder
may carry on a single map for three years, a new map being brought into
use when a new chitha is rewritten. In villages in which changes are numerous, and in the case of all fluctuating villages, he will work upon a fresh
map each year. The year or years for which the map is used should be
clearly written on the face of the map and duly attested by the Supervisor
Kanungo.
40. The recorder must keep his map clean and protected from
damp.
41. The recorder must maintain close to his house, on a level piece
of ground, a measuring standared 66 feet long, whereby to test his chain
and offset pole. The total distance must be marked off on the ground by
large permanently fixed pegs of wood (not bamboo), and must be divided
23

New map
when required

Care of
map.
Chain
testing

into ten equal divisions of ten links each by smaller pegs. All recorders
must often test their chains and rectify any errors that may be found. Every
recorder must know how to correct the length of his chain viz., by opening
or closing the joints of the rings.
Instrument.

42. All recorders should be provided with a talc or cellulose square

showing Katha squares on a scale of 16 inches to a mile, a pair of
compassess, a cardboard scale and a 20 link pole and an offset slip. The
recorders of tracts in which cultivation fluctuates, or is spreading will also
be supplied with a Gunters chain, a plane-table, a cross-staff or optical
square, a lead pencil and a piece of rubber and other materials that are
required for survey work.

Verification
of relinquishment.

43. The recorder will verify on the ground all fields shown in the
map in pencil, correcting the boundaries where necessary. After verifying
a relinquishment, he will cross out the boundary if it is in pencil, but if it is
printed or in ink, he will leave it unchanged and deal with the field under
rule 62. The pencil boundaries crossed out as above will be rubbed out
in the winter recess. The same procedure will also apply to fields excluded
from settlement by order. Owing to the increase of population and the
consequent demand for land, the practice of resignation even of annual
lands has been much reduced and over large area is now practically
unknown.

Field work

44. During his field tours the recorder will (1) survey and bring on to
the map all areas that have been settled upon application, (2) survey all
new cultivation and extensions of cultivation, carefully exploring the unsettled lands and sarkari dags of his villages to ensure that no new cultivation or extension of cultivation escapes notice, (3) go round the periodically settled fields of his villages and make any corrections on the map
which are needed in order to give effect to orders passed by the SubDeputy Collector or other officer duly empowered in mutation proceedings, and (4) inspect all the areas reserved within his lot for public purposes (e.g. road-side lands, grazing or camping grounds etc.) and report
encroachments, if any. The encroached areas in respect of Sarkari lands
or lands reserved for public purposes within his lot will be plotted on the
map in pencil and taken over to the encroachment register and TauziBahir Jamabandi to be maintained under rule 19.
Extensions of cultivation in lakhiraj estates and fee-simple grants
held for ordinary cultivation are to be surveyed and numbered in separate
dags according to blocks of cultivation for the assessment of local rates.

Alteration
of periodic
fields.

45. (i) The recorder shall not, without the previous sanction of the
Sub-Deputy Collector, alter the boundaries of a periodic field. The SubDeputy Collector shall give such sanction only in the case of an admitted
error in mapping the boundary of contiguous fields. When the Sub-Deputy
Collector gives such sanction, he shall himself revise the recorded areas
24

and the recorded revenue of the fields concerned. Admission of such an

error by the parties shall be noted in the remarks column of the chitha with
thumb impression or signature of the parties concerned duly attested by
the Sub-Deputy Collector.
(ii) Bad mistakes in survey should be reported to the Sub-Deputy
Collector for orders.
(iii) When a portion of a dag has been transferred and when the
parties so desire it, the recorder shall survey the transferred portion and
shall show its boundaries in pencil in his map, but he shall not assign to
it a separate dag number nor ink it and shall not make a separate entry
in the chitha, without the previous sanction of the Sub-Deputy Collector.
46. Land which the recorder finds during his winter tour to have
been taken up for cropping with high land rice during the summer following
will not be surveyed or assessed by him till he commences his tour for the
regular settlement.

Safe guard
against assessing
high land
rice fields
twice.

47. The following procedure will be observed in numbering new

fields :
(1) The natural numbering of fields is from the north-west to the
south-east corner of the village. The original maps were prepared on this
system.
(2) When a new field is inserted in a map already prepared, the new
field will receive a number immediately consecutive to the last number in
the chitha. If the natural sequence of number is thereby broken on the
map, then in the chitha and jamabandi, though not in the map, the new
field will receive a fractional number which will indicate where it lies. Thus,
if the last number in the chitha be 250 and a new field be surveyed in the
neighbourhood of field No. 79, the new field will appear in the map as 251
and in the record as 79/251.
(3)
If a village is large and there is much sarkari and fluctuating
land in it the village should be divided into convenient blocks and certain
number should be set apart for each block. Thus, first block 1-75, second
block 76-100, and third block 101-160 and fourth block 161-200. The
blocks should be bounded where possible by natural features; otherwise
by straight lines drawn between theodolite stations or kanungos dhips.
The numbers should be so assigned to each block that there is no likelihood of the numbers running short. Thus if it appears that a block will
require 50 numbers, 75 may be allotted, and so on. For the purpose of
numbering the fields each block will then be treated as a separate village
and the system explained in clause (2) will be followed block by block.
Separate pages of the chitha will be kept for each block. When a field falls
in two blocks, it will, be numbered according to the block in which the
larger portion falls. The system of block numbering will be adopted in all
25

Numbering
new fields

large newly surveyed villages which have much sarkari and fluctuating land
and also in all villages of this nature for which a new edition of the map
is brought out.
Method of
survey

48. In surveying, the following instruction must be observed :

(1) All measurements must be made by means the chain except in
the case of short offsets not exceeding a chain in length, which may be
measured with the 20 link tar.
(2) Chain lines should ordinarily run from one survey mark to another.
But when the marks are far apart, or high grass or jungle intervenes,
traingulation may be resorted to. Triangulation may be freely used for
plotting of blocks of fluctuating cultivation, or of cultivation isolated in
jungle, which the recorder need not attempt to locate precisely on the
map.
(3) New fields on the edge of permanent fields may be measured by
tar, care being taken that the measurement is started from the boundary
of a field about the correct position of which there is no doubt.
49. The boundaries of new fields and changed boundaries of old
fields are to be plotted in pencil continuous lines. The recorder will show
the new roads, ponds and other changes in the physical features on the
map.
50. The boundaries of periodically settled and anually settled fields
(including the crossing out of obsolete boundaries) will be inked up in
office: Provided that in the immature and fluctuating villages where temporary cultivation is practised and when the boundaries of holdings are subject to changes due to either floods or non-maintenance of permanent
boundaries the annual dags may be kept in pencil.

Preparation map
for
new
field work.

51. When a fresh map is taken, the recorder will bring it up-to-date
before leaving office for his spring tour by transferring to it all changes
which are shown upon the map used by him during the tours last preceding.
When annual dags are traced on a new map, the traces must be
immediately checked by lines in the field.
52. If the changes since the map was printed would necessitate
much plotting over printed lines in a part of the map, it will suffice to make
a trace of that part only which should be neatly pasted over that portion of
the map of which it is a trace. On it should be shown in ink the boundaries
of the village and any permanent survey marks and roads, etc. and the
boundaries of the periodic fields not resigned or abandoned. It however,
the changes affect the whole map an up-to-date trace must be made for
vandy-king a new set of maps as detailed in the following rule.

26

53. When a new map is to be printed under the above rule or

when the stock of any map has been exhausted, it is no longer necessary
or desirable to have a trace made, but two blue prints of he original map
should be called for from the Drawing office, Shillong.
The following instructions should be observed in using them;
1. (a)One copy should be taken out in the field and each dag on
the map should be compared with corresponding features
on the ground.
b)

Where no changes have occurred, the blue lines on the map

on the boundaries of such dags should be left as they are
until the map is brought to office, when they will be inked up.

c)

Where changes have occurred, the blue lines showing the

original boundary (which has changed) should be crossed
out in pencil, the changes e.g. change in the existing boundaries, subdivision of dags, new cultivation orchanges in the
course of any stream or road should be accurately surveyed, plotted in pencil and when taken to office, inked up.
In case of amalgamation of two dags and to prevent any
doubt on the matter when the plots are being re-numbered,
the link symbol S for connecting two plots should be drawn
in pencil across the blue line that is not to be inked up.

2. (a)When the revised blue print has been completed in every

respect, and the dags, where necessary, have been renumbered in ink, the second copy should be very neatly and
carefully inked up in accordance with the field copy of the
revised blue print. The seond copy should be kept flat in
office and should not be rolled up, as creases or creaks
will be re-produced as black lines in the print.
b)

The ink used should be freshly ground up Indian ink of sufficient consistency, so that all lines and letters made with it
will, when dry, be perfectly black and opaque, when examined by holding the map upto the light.

c)

The lines and figures should not be drawn too fine, but
should be clear, firm and not ragged. The figures should not
be made too small, e.g. vernacular 3, when made shall,
looks like O in the printed maps.

d)

Nothing should be pasted to either the front or back of the

map, and erasures should, as far as possible, be avoided.

3.

The class division of dags, whether made at the re-settlement or after wards, should be shown in dotted lines in ink
in both copies of the blue print.
27

Vandy-king

4.

There should an endorsement on the fair copy of the blue

print map to the following effect under the signature of the
Deputy Commissioner This map was made under the
authority of Government in (year) and has been
corrected upto (year).

5.

The fair copy of the map as thus revised will be sent in

original carefully rolled round a ruler to the Drawing office
for re-production.

6.

The Drawing office can supply blue prints only when the
original maps are stored there. Maps made before the
Vandyke process was invented i.e. about 1907 are usually
not fit for immediate re-production. But black prints in stock
in the district, if sent to the Drawing office, can nearly be
always re-produced in blue, Consequently when blue prints
are required, a clear copy of the existing black print, with
absolutely nothing written on it, should be sent to the Drawing office from the district stock.

If there are no changes in the existing black print, it is unnecessary

to ask for a blue print for correction and in such cases black prints should
be indented.
54. In the case of all villages to be surveyed or resurveyed, the
margins of the maps (and sheets) should be carefully compared and a
sheet

certificate to the effect that the margins of the viallge map have been
sheet
compared with those of the adjoining village maps should be signed by
the Supervisor Kanungo and the Sub-Deputy Collector concerned on the
copy of the map sent to the Drawing Office for re-production.
Filing
maps.

of

Record of
map testing
by superior
officers.

55. When the recorder takes out a new map, he will retain the
map in previous use till the end of the following winter tour, and will then
file it with Registrar Kanungo who will deposit it in the record room for
reference at the next re-settlement, after noting clearly upon it the year or
years to which it relates (see rule 191).
56. The recoredr will maintain a note-book for all check lines run
across his map by any inspecting officers, recording the name of the
village, date, the number of the fields from which and to which the check
line was run, and results of the check. Entries in this note-book will be
made by inspecting officers only. The check line should also be plotted on
the map by the inspecting officer by a dot and-dash line. But this line need
not be transferred to a new map.

28

SECTION 4 THE CHITHA

57. Chitha should be a bound, continuous register, each page
being used for recording crop information for two or more dags for three
successive years. The pages of the Chitha should be numbered and
certified by the Sub-Deputy Collector. During the three years for which the
chitha will be in use, the entries will be annually corrected and the recorder
will see that the corrected entries are a complete and accurate record of
the facts of each year.

Preparation
of
chitha

58. The columns of the Chitha shall be field up in accordance

with the procedure described below :

Land classification
and Record
of Rights.

(i)
Columns 1 to 7 and column 31 in part will be filled up from
the previous chitha before the recoreder visits the fields during the spring
tour. The field or dag number will be entered in column 1, the classification
of land in column 2, and the total area in column 3, Column 2 and 3 are
to be filled up for all the fields which are borne on the Chitha, whether
annual or periodic, settled or Sarkari. In districts where these entries were
not made at the time of resettlement, the class of land as recorded for
each field in the original class book will be entered in the Chitha and
copied out each time the Chitha is written. In tracts that have not been
resettled, the class to be shown and column 2 will be basti, rupit, faringati
or tea, etc. For unsettled plots, one or other of the following words, in
additon to any class to which it may have been classified, should be
entered to indicate its actual state :
a) Road, embankment,

(c) Reserve,

b) Under water,

d) Waste.

ii) Column 4 will be filled up in respect of settled dag only, which

should be described according as they are held on khiraj (periodic or
annual) or Nisf-khiraj or Lakhiraj lease. If the land is held on patta for tea
cultivation, the word tea should be noted. The patta number should also
be noted on column 4 along with the type of patta.
iii) Columns 5 and 6 relating to land revenue and local rate will be
filled up from the Jamabandi Register.
iv) At the time of copying out column 7 the name of each joint
pattadar should be entered in a separate line and serially numbered. If
there has been a change in the settlement holder, as shown in column 7,
the name of the person in actual possession must be shown in column 8
with a number corresponding to that in column 7 when there are more
pattadars than one, and a word be entered to indicate the cause of
change (e.g., inheritance, purchasee, gift, exhange etc.). If an entry has
been made in column 8 of the previous chitha, but mutation not yet sanc29

tioned, the entry should be copied in column 8 in the new chitha. The entry
in column 8 will be signed and dated by the recorder. The name given in
column 8 will be transferred to column 7, as soon as the mutation is
sanctioned by the Sub-Deputy Collector. But in the case of annual pattas,
the names of actual occupants (dakhalkars) by right of inheritance or
share only should be entered in column 8 by the recorder, and such names
noted in column 8 will be transferred to column 7 as soon as the mutation
is sanctioned by the Sub-Deputy Collector. In case of occupation of annual
patta lands by other means or manner, e.g., by transfer, sale, gift, exchange, lease or mortgage, etc., the recorder shall note down the nature
of possession (dakhal) with names, fathers names and address of the
occupants invariably in column 31 and not in column 8, and shall submit
a report to that effect with a copy of the chitha to the Sub-Deputy Collector
who will take necessary action in accordance with the latest Government
orders and instructions in the matter.
Te n a n t s
records.

(v) Columns 9-11 will be filled up when special orders are issued
by the Government for the preparartion of record of rights of tenants,
adhiars and sub-tenants. Changes will be shown by correcting the previous entries.

Record of
land-use

59. The nature of current utilisation of uncropped land both

settled and Sarkari and its area will be recorded in columns 12 and 13,
18 and 19, and 24, and 25 for the first, second and third year respectively.
The class of land-use to be recorded here will be one or more of the
following classes:
(i) Forests,
(ii) Barren and unculturable land.
(iii) Land put to non-agricultural uses.
(iv) Permanent pastures and other grazing land,
(v) Misce laneous tree crops and groves not included in the net
area sown,
(vi) Culturable waste,
(vii) Current fallow,
and
(viii) Other fallows.
All actually forested areas on the land classed or administered as
forest under any legal enactment dealing with forest whether State owned
or private will be noted as forest. If any portion of an unclassed State
forest or a private forest is not actually wooded but put to some other
uses, that portion should be included under the appropriate heading of
cultivated or uncultivated land and excluded from area under forest, but
30

this will not apply to Reserved forest, the total area of which should be
recorded as forest.
All lands that are barren and absolutely unfit for cultivation, i,e.,
lands under barren hills, hillocks, rock, swamps (dalani), silted lands and
sandy lands will be noted as barren and uncluturable lands.
All lands under house-site (basti or basic with its sub-classes),
trade site (beparor thai with its sub-classes) road (bat), railway, burial and
cremation grounds, schools, temples, mosques, play ground land under
water (panital) e.g., river, pond and Fishery pond. land under embankment, bunds, land reserved for other public purposes etc., will be recorded
as land put to non-agricultural uses.
All lands reserved as Public Grazing Reserve and Village Grazing
Reserve and other grazing lands will be included under permanent pastures and other grazing land.
All lands under scrub jungle, bamboo clump (whether-in the home
stead or outside), thatch (kher), etc., will be noted as area under miscellaneous tree crops and groves not shown in area sown. The area covered
by clumps of bamboos in the homestead should be excluded from the
total area of homestead land and recorded as area under miscellaneous
tree crops and groves not shown in area sown. The area of clumps of
bamboos outside the homestead should also be noted as area under
miscellaneous tree crops etc.
All lands that are cultivable but have not been cultivated so far or
once cultivated but lying fallow for more than five years will be recorded
as culturable waste.
All fields lying fallow during the current agricultural year will be
noted as current fallow.
Fields lying fallow for more than a year and upto five years are to
be noted as other fallow.
60. In columns 14, 20 and 26 will be recorded the source of
irrigation from which an area, if any, under a crop has been irrigated. The
sources should be mentioned according to the folowing standard classification:
Source of Irrigation

1.

Canal.

2.

Tank

Description

1. Government canal and

2. Private canal
1. Government tank:
(a) with ayacut of less than 100 acres.
b) with ayacut of 100 acres and more.
2. Private tank :
31

Record of
irrigated
area.

a) with ayacut of less than 100 acres.

b) with ayacut of 100 acres and more.
3.

Tubewells

1. Run by electric pump

2. Run by oil engine

4.

Well

1. Government.
a) Masonary
b) Non-masonary

5.

Other Sources

2. Private :
a) Masonary
b) Non-masonary.
Dong
Stream etc.

Crop
recording

61. (i) The name of the crop sown and its area will be recorded
in columns 15 and 16, 21 and 22 and 27 and 28 for the first, second and
third year respectively. The irrigated area of a crop will be noted separately from its unirrigated area and the former will be encircled to distinguish it from the latter. If, for example, dag number 55 has 10 bighas under
paddy of which 6 bighas are irrigated, then the crop paddy will be entered
in columns 15, 21 or 27 as the case may be, and against it, both 6 bighas
and 4 bighas will be noted one below the other in columns 16, 22 or 28
as the case may be, and 6 bighas will be encircled to indicate that it is
irrigated.
(ii) If a crop is grown on unsettled land, its name and area should
be recorded in columns 15 and 16, 21 and 22, 27 and 28 for the first,
second and third year respectively. The fact that it is unauthorised cultivation should be noted in column 31.
(iii) When more than one crop is grown in a field, the different
crops occupying different parts of it, the area covered by each crop should
be ascertained by eye-estimation and entered. Crop areas need not be
measured and should never be plotted on the map.
(iv) If crops for which special columns are provided in the Crop
Abstract are grown on homestead land, they should be separately recorded, their areas being deducted from the total area of the homestead
land and the balance being recorded as house-site of basti or bari. The
area covered by clumps of bamboo in the homestead also should be
excluded from the total area of homestead and recorded separately in the
column meant for uncropped area.
The area of clump of bamboos outside the homestead dhould
also be noted in the same column.
32

(v) While recording the area of long-duration crops, e.g., sugarcane, covering more than one crop-year, it is necessary to show the area
sown during the year, distinctly from the area harvested during the year,
because it is the area harvested which alone has to be used for estimating the production. The area harveted during the current year should be
recorded as areas harvested during the year but sown in the previous
year. The area sown during the current year should be recorded as area
sown or prepared for sowing during the current year but to be harvested
next year.
(vi) If an area is sown after green manuring, the area should not be
counted both under green manure crop and the crop sown after green
manuring, but only under the latter.
(vii) When the same field or the same part of a field has borne
more than one crop within the year, both will be entered in columns 15, 21,
and 27 and the areas of the both in columns 16, 22 and 28 for the first,
second and third year respectively. Double cropping is generally effected
by broadcasting rice before the crop which the recorder finds on the
ground. The recorder must ascertain by careful enquiry and by inspecting
the land whether there has been a preceding crop or not.
(viii) The area which has borne more than one crop within the year
will be repeated in columns 17, 23 and 29 for the first, second and third
year respectively.
(ix) In column 30 will be recorded the name and number of scattered trees in areas other than the compact orchards. In case of compact
orchards their areas will be recorded in crop columns. In recording the
area of compact orchards in crop columns of the chitha, the recorder will
take care to see that in the case of mixed orchards the names of all the
component fruits and the gross area of the mixed orchards are entered.
He will then allocate the gross area to the component fruits by eye estimation.
(x) Where one crop only is sown on a field, it will be entered
against that field, whether it comes to maturity or not. When two crops are
sown on a field, first a rainy season crop and the second a cold-weather,
crop, both crops will be shown against the field, whether either of them
comes to maturity or not.
(xi) Where one rainy-season crop is sown and fails and another
rainy-season crop is then sown, the second crop sown, and not the first,
will be shown against the field, whether the second crop comes to maturity
or not. Similarly, when one cold-weather-crop is sown and fails and a
second cold-weather-crop then sown, the first cold-weather-crop will not
be shown but the second cold-weather-crop will be shown whether it
comes to maturity or not.
33

Cr op- m ixture

(xii) No separate column for recording area under mixed crops

has been provided in the chitha. A major crop-mixture will be treated as
a separate crop and only the gross area will be recorded in the chitha and
Crop-Abstract. The apportionment will be done at the district level in
acordance with the ratios fixed on the data collected in course of crop
cutting experiments. For exmaple, in case paddy and arahar sown together in a field, this mixture will be noted as paddy-arahar and its gross
area only will be entered in the chitha. In case of minor crop-mixtures, the
gross area of the mixture should be allocated to various components by
eye-estimation at the field-level itself and the net allocared area of each
component crop should be recorded in the chitha against the name of
each component crop entered in the previous column.
(xiii) Even when two varieties of the same crop are sown on a field
at the same time, but harvested in different crop-seasons (for instance,
when early rice and late rice are sown together), this also will be treated
as mixed crop.
(xiv) Area sown with a vegetable or any other crop should be
recorded only once during the season in which it is sown, irrespective of
whether it gives one or more harvest in the same season or different
seasons of the same crop-year. The estimate of yield-rate per unit area
should take into account all the harvests obtained during the year. When
the same variety of vegetable is sown in two or more seasons, the area
should be recorded separately, once in each season.
(xv) Area sown mixed with a number of crops either simultaneously
or after some interval in the same season should be recorded only once
in the sowing season either as gross area under the mixture or as allocated net areas under its different components, irrespective of whether
the components are harvested in the same season or in different season.
(xvi) If a crop or crop mixture is sown in an area when a crop or
crop mixture sown in it in the preceding season is about to be harvested,
the area should be counted in each of the seasons in which the sowings
of the respective crops have been done.
(xvii) If the area under a crop is one-tenth of a bigha or less, it
should be ignored under that crop, and included in the area under the
chief crop or any other major classification which its use justifies.

Treatment
of
Relinquished
dags.

62. When entire dags are excluded from settlement as

relinguished, the recorder shall substitute the word sarkari in column 7 in
place of the name of the pattadar. Should the boundaries and numbering
of the relinquished field have been erased or cancelled (rule 43), the
chitha entry will be scored out, the area of the field being added to that of
the adjacent sarkari dag, but fields of different classification should not be
amalgamated with one another. If in any case fields are amalgamated and
34

consequent alteration in the dag numbers is involved, the fact should be

noted in the remarks column of the Class Book. If the field is again taken
up wholly or in part, it will be dealt with in the same manner as any other
sarkari dag.
63. A similar procedure will be followed in the case of dags that
have been brought by the recorder on to his faut, ferar and jotrahin list and
land excluded from settlement by order (e.g. land acquired or annulled),
the name of the holder being scored out and the word sarkari being
substituted.

Exclusion
of faut, ferar
a
n
d
jotrahin
fields.

64. The net area irrigated should be shown within a circle in columns 16, 22 and 28 for the first second and third year respectively, and
the source of irrigation noted in columns 19, 20 and 26 for the first year,
second and third year respectively. The irrigation abstract will be prepared
by recorder and submitted in time.
65. The revised chitha form has been so devised as to enable
recording of the details of both settled and un-settled lands in the same
set of columns, the latter being distiguished from the former by a reference to column 7 meant for recording the name of pattadar. If the land is
not settled with any pattadar, the word Sarkari will be written in column
7 to indicate that the land in question has not yet been settled. In case the
Sarkari land is kept reserved for public purposes, the entry in this column
should be Reserved Sarkari and the purpose for which it is reserved
should also be noted in column 31.
66. (1) The area under permanent bunds should be shown separately in the chitha. The area of a field bund or strip which is given a
separate dag number will be recorded under the land-use to which it is
put, e.g., under rupit if sown with crops; under land put to non-agricultural
use if used as passage only; under miscellaneous tree-crop if used to
grow trees; under grass land if used to grow grass for cattle.
(2) The area under flood control or soil conservation embankment
and all irrigation-bunds along with the irrigation-work should be shown as
land put to non-agricultural use. If crops are grown in the bunds, the area
cropped should be shown under the crop concerned. In no case such
bunds should be shown in any other classification.
67. In column 31 the settlement holder who are not Indigenous
should be designated as,
(a) Ex-labourer of tea garden.
(b) Nepalis.
(c) Marwaris.
(d) Tea-garden employees other than labourer.
35

Recording
of land under bonds.

(e) Others, such as, railway labourer, immigrants of the cultivating

classes from East Pakistan acquiring Indian Citizenship and other States
of India.
If a field has been reserved by special order or by acquisition for
a public purpose (e.g., for grazing, for camping ground, for public institutions, roads, religious institutions, unsettled tanks etc.), the facts should be
noted in column 31 and repeated in the fair copy of the Chitha. A list of
fields so reserved should be maintained on a page in the beginning of the
Chitha.
68. When copying the chitha, the recorder will reserve at least 10
pages at the beginning for the following purposes
(1) Remarks made and orders passed by Sub-Deputy Collector
or Supervisor Kanungo when inspecting the village.
(2) List of dags newly settled at Dariabadi or regular settlement
and resettled relinquished dags.
(3) List of dags excluded owing to relinquishment, of dags faut,
ferar and Jotrahin and of dags excluded under special orders.
(4) List of dags reserved from settlement with notes of areas and
purpose of reservation.
(5) List of reserved dags encroached upon with space for area of
encroachment, name and address of encroachers, date of report, note of
subsequent orders received and result of action taken.
(6) A list of sarkari dags of the village with areas. The original area
of such dags recorded in last resettlement should be noted against each
dag.
Old field
chithas

69. When a field chitha has been re-written, the old copy will be
deposited in the circle office and remain there until the field chitha has
again been re-written. It will then be destroyed with order from the Deputy
Commissioner.

Section 5 the Jamabandi

70. Separate Jamabandis are prepared for (a) periodic pattas,
(b) annual pattas recorded at regular settlement, (c) annual pattas recorded at supplementary settlement. In addition, there are separate
jamabandis for special tenures such as nisf-khiraj.
The
Jamabandi
Register.

71. The principal record of periodic and sepcial pattas, that is to

say, of land holding tenures , is the jamabandi register. This is the
jamabandi prepared at the last preceding re-settlement of the distrcit.
Land Revenue and local rate payable by pattadars are incorporated in the
36

jamabandi register which is a permanent record and continues upto the

terminal year during the curency of resettlement. It is maintained by the
Registrar Kanungo, and kept up-to-date by making necessary corrections.
Fields will be struck off as relinquished or excluded for faut, ferar or
jotrahin or under special orders, or added as newly settled on the basis
of the recorders chitha.
No mutation of names can be effected without the order of the
Sub-Deputy Collector or an officer duly empowered.
72. A duplicate copy of the jamabandi register (called the local
periodic jamabandi) is kept by the recorder for reference. It will be made
available to mauzadar or tahsildar when required for the preparation of the
annual collection register (wasil, tahsil or tauzi). Any alteration made in the
jamabandi register must be made in this copy also.

The Local
periodic
Jamabandi

A list of all dags which have been effected by orders of field partition together with the dates of the orders concerned must be kept permanently on a page of the local periodic jamadandi and must always be
referred to when a new map is brought into use by the recorder under Rule
39 and particularly when the map is collected for re-printing under rule 53.
73. Fresh jamabandis will annually be prepared by the recorder for
annual pattas as recorded at regular settlement and at supplementary
settlement. The jamabandis will be duly verified and checked by the Supervisor Kanungo. They need not be copied. The originals will be kept by
the recorder but will be made available to Mauzadars or Tahsildars for
preparation of the annual collection register (wasil, tahsil or tauzi).
74. In the annual jamabandi, columns 6 and 7 will be field up from
the relevant columns of the chitha in accordance with the nature of landsuse, and the same procedure will be followed in case of periodic
jamabandi as well while making entries in the case of new holdings that
have changed by gaining or losing fields and the revenue of which is to
be recalculated.
75. Recorders copies of jamabandis, periodic or annual, will remain with the recorder during the current settlement. The annual
jamabandis of the previous three years will be deposited in the circle
office for three years, after which these will be destroyed with orders from
the Deputy Commissioner.

37

Entry
of
land classing in the
jamabandi.

SECTION 6 SPRING TOUR

76. When the recorder leaves office for spring tour with effect
from 15th February, he will take with him.
(1) The village map, (2) the chitha, (3) the re-settlement class map
and the class book, (4) the relinquishment register, (5) sanctioned applications for waste land, (6) the supplementary settlement pattas for distribution, (7) all pending petitions for pointing out boundaries and (8) all
pending apllications for waste land.
Operation
of Spring
tour

77. The recorders main work during the spring tour will be as
follows :
(a) Distribution of pattas
(b) Survey of new lands.
(c) Verification of relinquishments.
(d) Preparation of faut, ferar and Jotrahin lists.
(e) Preparation of chitha.
(f) Collection of crop statistics.
(g) Inspection of survey marks.
(h) Inspection of Sarkari dags and V.G. Rs.
(i) Disposal of pending petitions for pointing out boundaries.
(j) Enquiry into application for waste land.
(k) Enquiry of persons having land in excess of ceiling.

Distributation
of pattas

78. The recorder should complete distribution of all supplimantary

pattas by the 1st of March.

Mapping of
new
cultivation.

79. New cultivation and extensions of cultivation will be entered as

they are mapped areas being calculated on the spot.

Verification
of relinquishments.

80. Relinquishment petitions when received from the Circle Officer

will be verified on the ground and necessary entries made in the field
chitha. A list of verified relinquished dags will be kept on a blank page of
the chitha

Preparation
of fault,
ferar and
jotrahin
lists.

81. The recorder will prepare in From 6 a list of unoccupied

fields, the settlement-holder of which has died leaving no heir (faut) or who
has left the place leaving no trace of his whereabouts (ferar). He will also
enter separately un-occupied fields the settlement holder of which is bankrupt (jotrahin) and has abandoned the whole of his cultivation and any
38

fields which he has been ordered to exclude as jotrahin by the Deputy

Commissioner.
A list of faut, ferar and jotrahin fields will be kept on a blank page
of the chitha.
82. During his tour, the recorder will visit as many of the fields
of his lot as possible and in the case of fields held on periodic pattas in
which changes of possession (other than sub-tenancies) have occurred
but not yet registered shall enter in column 8 of the chitha the name of the
unregistered dakhalkar (occupant), indicating in one word the manner in
which possession has originated (i.e., inheritance, purchase, gift, mortgage, exchange, etc.). These entries should be in ink and signed and
dated by the recorder. But in the case of annual pattas, the names of
actual occupants by right of inheritance or share only should be entered
in column 8 by the recorder and in case of occupation by other means,
e.g., by transfer, sale, gift exchange, lease or mortgage, etc., the recorder
shall note down the nature of possession with names, fathers name and
address of the occupants invariably in column 31 and not in column 8 and
shall submit a report to that effect with a copy of the chitha to the SubDeputy Collector who will take necessary action in accordance with the
latest Government orders and instructions in the matter. [Vide also Rule
58(i)].

Entry of
name of
Dakhalkar

83. Necessary particulars of the fields newly surveyed must be

entered in the field chitha at the time of survey. If the new field forms a
portion of a sarkari dag, the number of that dag should be quoted in the
margin and copied in the chitha each time it is re-written. A list of new
fields surveyed must be kept in a blank page of the chitha. Land which has
been applied for, but the settlement of which has not been sanctioned,
should not be shown on the map.

Partculars
of new
fields

84. During their tours, the recorders shall record area under the
crops grown during the season including the ones not mentioned in the
Crop Abstract Part I. The area under minor crops, for which no separate
columns are provided in Crop Abstract Part I should be added to Miscellaneous food crops or miscellaneous non-food crops as the case may be
in Crop Abstract Part II.
In case of irrigated land, cropwise irrigated area with source will
be recorded in the relevant columns of the chitha as for procedure laid
down in the previous section.

39

SECTION 7 SUMMER RECESS

Automatic
fine

85. Recorders who fail to appear in office on the 15th J une will
be fined 0.25 P for each day of absence unless exempted by the SubDeputy Collector. A register of attendance of the recorders will be maintained in the circle office.
Work in recess. : 86 The duties of the recorder during the summer
recess will be as follows :

(a) Verification of areas.

(b) Correction of local periodic jamabandi.
(c) Preparation of the annual jamabandi.
(d) Totalling the annual and local periodic jamabandis.
(e) Totalling the chitha.
(f) Preparation of the village and circle plus and minus settlement
abstract.
(g) Correction of the jamabandi register, consequent on mutation,
relinquishments, etc.
(h) Completion of map.
(i) Verification of the classification of new fields.
(j) Preparation of crop abstract Part I.
Verification
and
classification of
areas.

87. For all new fields surveyed during the spring tour, the recorder
will recalculate the area by the tale square and check the relevant columns
of the chitha. Where the new field formed part of a sarkari dag, he will
make a corresponding alteration in the area of the Sarkari dag.
88. At this stage, corrections in the local periodic jamabandi will
be limited to adding new fields and deducting those excluded. Corrections necessitated by mutation need not be undertaken until the lot plus
and minus settlement abstract has been completed.
89. Fields newly settled will be entered in the local periodic
jamabandi and the fields excluded will be struck out. Necessary corrections must be made in the page and village totals. After the ompletin of the
lot plus and minus settlement abstract and when effecting changes consequent on mutation, relinquishment, etc. the jamabandi register must be
corrected in the same manner so as to bring the two records in to agreement in all respects.
The page totals of the jamabandi need not be altered every year
on account of inclusion and exclusiou of fields. It will be sufficient if a note
of the changes giving the details required for the plus and minus settlement abstract is recorded at the bottom left hand corner of the page.
40

The periodic pattas provisionally excluded for faut, ferar or jotrahin

shall not be struck out until the receipt of the Commissioners order.
90. The recorder will then prepare his annual jamabandi for each
village, obtaining the necessary particular, from his chitha. No copy need
be made.

The
annual
jamabandi

91. The recorder will calculate the revenue to be assessed on new

fields by multiplying the area of the filed by the sanctioned bigha rate of
its class.
92. The sanctioned bigha rates are those notified in the Assam
Gazette with the orders sanctioning the assessment. They are calculated
by multiplying the factor of the class of the land fixed in terms of annas by
the unit rate of the village; the result is the rate in annas. Fractions of an
anna less than 6 pies should be ignored. Fractions of an anna equal to or
greater than 6 pies should be treated as one anna. In the districts or areas
where either the unit rate or the factor has been fixed in terms of decimal
coinage, the unit rate multiplied by the factor of the class of land will give
the rate in Paise which may be rounded off to the nearest paise. Fraction
of a paise equal to or greater than half the paise should be treated as one
paisa and fraction of a paisa less then its half should be disregarded . The
same method of calculating bigha rates is to be used in villages assessed
on the unit rate system for the first time in extension survey.
93. In unsurveyed areas which have not been resettled the revenue
to be assessed on new field will be calculated according to orders issued
by the Government.

Rates in unsurveyed areas

which have not
been reset tled

94. After correcting the local periodic jamabandi, the recorder will
make an abstract of the local periodic jamabandi for each village, showing class-wsie the additions and deductions of both area and revenue. He
should make this on a spare page at the end of the register. He will make
a similar abstract of the annual Jamabandi.

Preparation of
village abtracts
and totals

95. (a) After totalling the periodic and the annual jamabandis, the
recorder will total his field chitha by tenures. The total of the khiraj area
abstracted from the field chitha must agree with the total khiraj area in the
periodic and annual jamabandi.

Totalling and
comparison
of chitha and
jamabandi

(b) The recorder will also make page totals of areas under individual crops and note it at the bottom of each page. He will then copy
down the page totals of area under different crops in the Crop Abstract
form for obtaining the totals for the village as a whole. He will prepare the
village-wsie consolidated Crop Abstract for his lot and submit the same to
the Supervisor Kanungo within 1st July along with the Crop Abstracts
Sheets for each village where page totals are noted.

41

The preparation of the

village and
lot plus and
m i n u s
settlement.

96. A plus and minus settlement abstract in form 11 will then be

prepared for each village. From the several village abstracts the recorder
will compile a consolidated abstract (in the same form) for his lot. Each
rcorder will be provided with a bound volume of printed forms of abstract
used for each settlement, regular and supplementary. The volume will
remain in the recorders possession.
97. To facilitate the preparartion of the general settlement statement (daul) for the mauza, the recorder will prepare a similar abstract for
each village and for the lot for all tenures other than khiraj.
98. The pages of the jamabandi should be numbered and duly
certified by the Sub-Deputy Collector. The recorder should make an abstract showing- (a) the number of each page containing entries of emigrants, (b) the classes of immigrants entered on that page, (c) the total
area shown on the page as settled with each class, (d) the number of
each page containing entries of scheduled tribe and scheduled caste
settlement holders with total area settled with them. Thus the total of the
village, the lot and the mauza or pargana should be made out.

Discripancies
from patta
calculation

99. If after the Jamabandi is corrected for mutations and partitions

there is a difference in the revenue owing to patta calculation, the difference should be reported to the Deputy Commissioner or the SubDivivisional Officer.

Correction
of jamabandi
register.

100. After filing his plus and minus settlement abstract, the recorder will proceed to correct the local periodic Jamabandi and the
Jamabandi register so to carry out changes which have been sanctioned
and which appear over the initials of Sub-DeputyCollector and other officers duly empowered in the field chitha. In all cases the recorder will initial
date and the correction and quote the date of the order.
With a view to minimising the detention of the recorders at the
Registrar Kanungos Office, of the Registerar Kanuango should, in consultation with the Sub-Deputy Collector and subject to the approval of the
Deputy Commissioner or Sub-Divisional Officer, draw up a regular
programme for corrections to be done by recorders in batches (see rule
26).

Changes ordered by the

Court.

101. At the same time that the recorder makes these corrections
in the jamandandi register, the changes already made by the Registrar
Kanungo in the jamabandi register shall be brought on to the recorders
field chitha and the local jamabandi.

Register of
mautations

102. The recorder will then fill up for his own lot a blank form of the
annual statement of mutations (From 15). He will then sign the form and
make it over to the Supervisor Kanungo who will submit it with a consolidated statement for his sub-circle to the Sub-Deputy Collector . The latter
will send all the returns to the Registrar Kanungo (rule 185).
42

103. When the recorder spends his recess else-where than at the
headquarters of the district or subdivision, he will for the purpose of complying with the above, rules, visit the subdivisional headquaters for a period not exceeding one week. He must take with him his own field chitha
and the local periodic Jamabnadi.

Visit to
headquarters

104. The recorder may on no account leave his recess headquaters

either for the purpose of the foregoing rule or for any other cause until he
has completed his plus and minus settelement abstracts.
105. (1) It will be the duty of the recorder to prepare during the
summer recess new pattas for annual holdings or periodic holdings for
which new pattas have been ordered to be issued. The recorder may
propose the issue of periodic pattas for lands which saisfy the conditions
mentioned below, the fulfilment of which must be stated in a report to be
submitted through and certified by the Supervisor Kanungo. But no periodic pattas should be proposed or ordered to be issued unless formal
applications have been made affixing court fee stamps worth Rupee one
or higher denomination as may be fixed by Government from time to time
and premium for conversion of annual land to periodic has been paid in
one or more instalments and at the rate as fixed by Government from time
to time.
All applications for conversion should be enquired into and disposed
of, as far as possible, within a period of three months from the date of
receipt of the application.
2) The conditions to be fulfiled are as follows :
(a) The land should be demarcated and actually surveyed and its
survey and area calculation should be tested by the Supervisor Kanungo.
The land must be in a village which has been traversed, surveyed, mapped
and classed.
(b) The land must be actually cultivated with some permanent crop,
such as, transplanted rice or permanent broadcast winter rice or permanent rice seedlings or permanent cold weather crops or occupied for
permanent residential purposes.
Provided that periodic pattas will not be issued in contravention of
the provisions of section 23 of the Settlement Rules framed under the
Assam Land and Revenue Regulation and no new periodic patta shall be
issued in respect of land within one chain (66 feet) of the 35 feet reservation along roads maintained by the State or the Union Government without
special orders from the Government.
Provided further that no new periodic pattas will be proposed or
ordered to be issued, if there exists any dispute over possession or over
prima-facie title of the land in question.
43

Issue of
new annual
and periodic
partas.

(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing parts of the

rule, no new periodic pattas shall be proposed or ordered to be issued for
lands within an area covered by a mining lesse or situated within a town
area or within 2 miles from the town area or within such distance from the
town area as may be notified by the State Government from time to time,
except under special orders of Government and on payment of such premium, if any, as may be fixed by Government from time to time.
106. The recorder will then prepare his field map for the ensuing tour
by inking up periodic and annual fields newly settled.
Survey for
supplementary
settlement.

Provided that in the immature and fluctuating villages where temporary cultivation is practised and where the boundaries of holdings are
subject to changes due to floods, or non-maintenance of permanent boundaries, the annual dags may be kept in pencil.

SECTION 8 WINTER TOUR

107. The recorders work in the winter tour will fall under the following
heads :
Operation of
cold weather
tour.

(a) Distribution of patta

(b) Supplementary survey and settlement
(c) Recording of area under different crops, both irrigated and
unirrigated separately and collection of other land uses statistics.
(d) Inspection of survey marks.
(e) Perparation of a list of fields converted from agricultural to nonagricultural uses.
(f) Preparation of a list of persons possessing or acquiring land in
excess of the total holding prmissible under the law on Ceiling.
(g) Recording of seasonal crops areas under different and fifferent
land utilisation.

Distribution
of pattas

108. The recorder should complete distribution of regular settlement

pattas by the 15th November.
109. In surveying and mapping supplementary settlement lands the
recorder will follow rules 44-49 and he should again visit all sarkari dags
to ensure that no land taken up escapes assessment. All sarkari lands
taken up for possession without obtaining orders of settlement shall be
assessed to tauzi-bahir revenue and carried to tauzi-bahir jamabandi and
recorder shall submit encroachment reports for such unauthorised occupations.
The recorder will inspect all the fields including those already inspected in the spring tour for recording of area under different crops and
44

collection of other land uses statistics. While collecting information about

fallow land, the recorder will ascertain from the cultivators accurately the
period of keeping the land fallow and then record as current fallow, other
fallows or culturable waste land as the case may be. Current fallow denotes land which is kept fallow for the current year; old fallows denote land
kept fallow for 2 to 5 years. Culturable waste denotes land kept fallow
more than 5 years and also includes lands which have never been cultivated but fit for cultivation. He will devote the period from 1st November
to 30th November and 1st January to 15th January for recording of area
under crops and collection of other land uses statistics. Proper care should
be exercised in recording double and multiple cropping area.

SECTION 9 - WINTER RECESS

110. The duties of the recorder during the winter recess will fall under
the following heads
(a) Verification of areas, check with class map and the note book.
(b) Preparation of the annual supplementary Jamabandi.
(c) Totalling of jamabandi and field chitha.
(d) Preparation of village and circle supplementary plus and minus
settlement abstract.
(e) Preparation of the area abstract.
(f) Preparation of the crop abstract part II.
(g) Preparation of new pattas.
(h) Copying field chithas for the ensuring year.
(i) Preparation of irrigation abstract.
It is desirable that, if possible, the recorder should be permitted to
perform these duties in his lot under the supervision of the Kanungo, as
this arrangement will leave him more time for his field work.
111. All lands taken up in the supplementary settlement will be treated
as annual. Lands of the kinds mentioned in rule 105 will be converted into
periodic at the following regular settlement. When periodic pattas are
provisionally excluded from regular settlement under rule 208, the pattas
will not be cut out in the jamabandi but a note will be left in the remarks
column of the jamabandi that they are provisionally excluded, to facilitate
the preparation of the jama-wasil or tauzi by the mauzadar or the tahsildar.
The enquiry by the Kanungo and the Sub-Deputy Collector under
rules 158 and 207 must be finished before the Supplementary settlement.
Those pattas the lands of which are found to be occupied by the pattadar
45

Class of
pattas new
and reincluded

should be restored in the periodic jamabandi in the suplementary settlement and should not be converted into annual; the previous note in the
remarks column in the jamabandi being crossed out. In cases where the
land is not occupied, a report should be submitted to the Deputy Commissioner for obtaining the sanction of the commissioner to the exclusion and
the entries in the jamabandi will be cut out after the sanction of the Commissioner is received.
Supplementary
settlement
abstract,
crop
abstract,
pattas, and
irrigation
abstract.

112. (i) The recorder immediately on coming to office will start the lot
plus and minus settlement abstract. He will then prepare village-wise
area, crop and irrigation abstracts for his lot which should reach the
Sepervisor Kanungo within the specified time.
(ii) While compiling the area abstract, the recorder will first obtain
the page totals of the chitha for area in accordance with the classification
of land on the basis of its use and note down the page totals in the area
abstract form for compilation of the village totals. As provided in the area
abstract, these are to be obtained separately for settled land and unsettled lands. Page totals should also be made in the chitha in respect of
crop abstract Part II and irrigation abstract. The recorder will submit the
village-wise consolidated abstracts along with the compilation sheets to
the Supervisor Kanungo. The Supervisor Kanungo will keep the compilation sheets with him for one year after submission of the abstracts to the
Circle Officer.
(iii) The forest area of the village will consist of two parts. The first
part will be for the cadastral area and the second part for the non-cadastral area. Part I will be obtained from the chitha and noted in column 2 of
Area Abstract. The second part, i.e., forests in non-cadastral area, may be
roughly estimated by the recorder and noted in column 14 of Area Abstract. The two parts will be added and noted in column 28 of the Area
Abstract.
This, however, will not give the total forest area. The forest areas
under the control of the Forest Department will be still left out. As this
forest area cannot be accounted for in this chitha and area abstract to be
prepared by the Recorder, these figures should be obtained from the
District Forest Authorities at the district level as the third part of the forest
area in the district. The sum of all these three types of forest area should
be noted in the Area Abstract at the district level.
(iv) The difinitions and explanations for other classes of land-use are
given under Rule 59.
(v) Authorities at the various levels will submit the area abstract for
their respective jurisdictions in accordance with the following time table
a) Recorder to Supervisor Kanungo

......

b) Supervisor Kanungo to Circle Officer ......

46

1st March.
15th March.

c) Circle Officer to Deputy Commissioner ......

31st March.

d) Deputy Commissiner to the Director

of Statistic with copy to Government

15th April.

......

e) State Government to Central Government .... 15th May.

(vi) Crop abstract has been split up into two aprts. The recorders will
prepare the crop abstract in Part I after the spring tour and in Part II after
the winter tour.
Columns have been provided for recording of all the crops on allIndia basis excepting some crops which are either grown in negligible
area or not grown at all in Assam. Columns have been provided for recording the area irrigated and area unirrigated in respect of each of the
crop. These columns may be filled up from the chitha.
The method of mixed cropping is rarely practised is Assam. In Hill
districts where Jhum cultivation is done, mixed cropping is resorted to in
some areas. In the plains districts mixed cropping is not extensively done
except in case of Autumn (Ahu) and winter (Bao) paddy. Two crop mixtures are generally sown and the practice of sowing 3 or 4 crops as substantial components of the mixture is rare Some columns have been provided in crop abstract for recording the major crop-mixtures only.
The authorities at the various levels will submit the Crop Abstract for
their respective jurisdiction in accordance with the following time table
a) Part I (i) Recorder to Supervisor Kanungo 1st July.
(ii) Supervisor Kanungo to Circle Officer15th July.
(iii) Circle Officer to Deputy Commissioner30th July.
iv) Deputy Commissioner to the Director of15th August.
Statistics with copy to Government.
v) State Government to Central Government 16th Sep
tember.
b) Part II (i) Recorder to Supervisor Kanungo. 1st February
(ii) Supervisor Kanungo to Circle Officer.15th February
(iii) Circle Officer to Deputy Commissioner.1st March
(iv) Deputy Commissioner to the Director
of Statistics with copy to Government.

15th March

(v) State Government to Central Government. 15th April

47

(vii) After the completion of the area and crop abstracts for his lot,
the recorder will prepare annual pattas for supplementary-settlement lands
(Dariabadi).
(viii) The recorder after preparation of the area and crop abstracts
and preparation of annual pattas for supplementary settlement lands, will
prepare the irrigation abstract in the prescribed form.
The authorities at the various levels will submit the irrigation abstract
for their respective jurisdictions in accordance with the following time table
(i) Recorder to Supervisor Kanungo.

1st February

(ii) Supervisor Kanungo to Circle Officer.

15th February.

(iii) Circle Officer to Deputy Commissioner.

1st March.

(iv) Deputy Commissioner to the Director of

Statistics with copy to Government.

15th March.

(v) State Government to Central Government.

15th April.

(ix) During the currency of a resettlement operation, the Settlement

Officer will be responsible for collection of crop and land uses statistics
and compilation of area, crop and irrigation abstracts.
Preparing
new draft
Chitha

113. The recorder will then prepare from the current field chithas in
accordance with rule 57 new field chithas for a third of the villages of his
lot. In cases of sanctioned mutations the entry in column 7 (names of
pattadar) will be changed according to the orders passed. In cases where
an entry has been made in Column 8, but mutation not sanctioned, the
entry will be repeated. When a recorder has re-written the field chitha of
a village in accordance with this rule, every dag of the new chitha will be
compared by another recorder with the corresponding dag of the old chitha.
Both the recorders will sign and date the fly-leaf of the new chitha. The
Supervisor Kanungo will also compare at least 10 per cent of the dags of
the new chitha with the corresponding dags of the old chitha and will initial
the dags which he compares. The Kanungo will then sign and date a
certificate on the fly-leaf of the new chitha to the effect that he has carried
out this comparison. When a chitha is rewritten, sufficient space should be
left between each field entry for recording the crop statistics.
There should be a few blank pages in every chitha on which the SubDeputy Collector and the Supervisor Kanungo will note each visit which
they make to the village itself and any instructions which they give to the
recorder in respect of that village.

48

SECTION 10 UNSURVEYED AREAS

114. As most of the unsurveyed areas would be surveyed either on
traverse or by triangulation under rule 18, there should be very little unsurveyed area in any district, but where there is unsurveyed area, the following rules will be observed.
115. In unsurveyed as in surveyed areas the duty of the recorder is
to enter correctly in a chitha, the name of every person occupying land, the
area occupied, the class of the land, the crop grown and the other particulars prescribed and to keep the record correctly upto-date year by year.
In unsurveyed areas the records to be kept by a recorder do not include
a map but he will keep a rough sketch in pencil-drawing showing the
areas with plot numbers, indicating the position and direction of the north
line on the sketch and if possible with reference to the nearest cadastral
village.

Duty of
recorder

116. The re-corder will tour at the same seasons and be in recess
from the same dates as are prescribed for the recorder of surveyed areas.

Tour and
recess

117. In order to ascertain the area of each field, the recorder will
measure the four sides with a tar of 12 feet and enter the lengths in the
proper columns in the chitha. The average length multiplied by the average breadth gives the rough area.

Method of
Survey.

118. Fields will be numbered serially for each village. So far as

possible, unchanged cultivation will retain the same number from year to
year, but the number of a periodic field must never be changed.

Numbering
of fields

119. The recorder will write up the chitha at the same time that he
surveys the fields, entering the boundaries of the fields on the north, south,
east and west as well as its position with reference to the field, if any,
preceding it in the chitha. The chitha will contain all fields, whether annual
or periodic, and will be rewritten every year. He will maintain in a blank
page of the chitha a list of new fields.

The Chitha

120. The other forms and registers to be maintained for unsurveyed

areas are as follows
(1)

Annual Jamabandi .....

......

Form 4.

(2)

Periodic Jamabandi....

......

Form 4.

(3)

Relinquishment register

......

Form 5.

(4)

Faut, Ferar and Jotrahin list

....

Form 6

(5)

Plus and minus settlement abstract

49

From 11.

121.
The recorder will deal with relinquishments, and faut, ferar
and jotrahin cases in the same manner as is laid down for surveyed
areas.
122.
The recorder will prepare the annual jamabandi. He will
also correct the periodic Jamabandi in the manner prescribed for correcting the periodic papers in surveyed areas.
123.
The lot plus and minus settlement abstract and the area
crop and irrigation abstracts will be prepared in the same form and at the
same time of the year as for surveyed areas.
124.
When unsurveyed areas have been surveyed under the
procedure described in rule 18, they will, of couse be dealt with as surveyed.

50

PART II KANUNGOS
Section 1 Supervisor Kanungo
125. (i) In each district there is a sanctioned cadre of Supervisor
Kanungos. Supervisor Kanungos have been declared to be ministerial
officers with effect from 1st August, 1933 (vide Government order No.
2109R, dated the 15th July, 1933). Appointments to the office of the
Supervisor Kanungos are made by the Deputy Commissioner from among
the recorders of his district. A register of candidates considered by the
Deputy Commissioner suitable for the post should be maintained in each
Subdivision. Only those who have successfully passed the Special Class
course of the Assam Survey School should ordinarily be selected. Previous sanction of the Director of Land Records should be obtained when
it is proposed on special grounds to appoint a candidate who has not
passed the Special Class course of the Assam Survey School.
(ii) (a) An appeal against the order of Deputy Commissioner for
appointment to a permanent post shall lie to the Director of Land Records
within 60 days from the date on which the appellant receives a copy of
the order appealed against.
(b) An appeal against the order of the Director of Land Records
shall lie to the Government in the Revenue Department within a period of
90 days from the date on which the appellant receives a copy of the order
appealed against.
(iii) No school fees will be charged from those recommended by the
Deputy Commissioner for admission for training to the special class.
When a recorder is deputed for training to the Special Class at the Assam
Survey School to qualify for the post of Supervisor Kanungo and the
Deputy Commissioner is satisfied that his work cannot be carried on
without a substitute, a substitute may be appointed on usual grade pay
during th period of such training not exceeding one term. The charge
should be paid from the budget of the Deputy Commissioner concerned.
(iv) Transfers of Supervisor Kanungos within the district will be made
by the Deputy Commissioner. Transfers from one district to another should
be exceptional and opinions of both the Deputy Commissioners concerned should be taken before the transfer is made. Such transfers will
be made by the Director of Land Records. When the Director of Land
records has recorded, in an inspection memo, that is necessary in the
interest of efficiency that a Supervisor Kanungo should be transferred
from one Sub-circle to another Sub-circle, such transfer will be carried
out.

51

Tarnsfer

(v) Rule 7 regarding the acquisition of immoveable property and the

settlement of land with recorders applies mutatis mutandis to Supervisor
Kanungos.
(vi) Rule 27 in respect of travelling allowance and mileage applies
mutatis mutandis to Supervisor Kanungos.
Punishment

126.
The Deputy Commissioner has power to suspend Supervisor Kanungo and impose minor punishment (e.g., censure, recovery from
pay, etc.) subject to an appeal to the Commissioner. Orders involving a
major punishment (e.g. dismissal, removal, compulsory retirement, reduction in rank) will be made only by the Commissioner. During resettlement
period, the power of the Deputy Commissioner in this respect will be
exercised by the Settlement Officer. Regular proceeding should be drawn
before punishment according to the procedure laid down by Government
from time to time. When the Commissioner is in doubt as to the order,
appellate or original which he should pass in regard to the punishment of
a supervisor Kanungo, he may consult the Director of land Records. Along
with the annual report, the Deputy Commissioner or the Settlement Officer,
as the case may be will forward to the Director of Land Records, a statement of all the punishments imposed during the year on the Supervisor
Kanungos of his district.

Increase
of staff

127. Proposals for the creation or redistribution of sub-circles involving increase or decrease in the sanctioned staff of Supervisor Kanungos
of a district will be submitted by the Deputy Commissioner direct to the
Director of Land Records. The Director of Land Records will scrutinize and
submit them with his recommendations or remarks, if any, to Government
for sanction.
Proposal for the redistribution of Sub-circle involving neither increase
nor decrease in the sanctioned staff of Supervisor Kanungos of the district
may be sanctioned by the Commissioner, if necessary, after consultation
with the Director of Land Records.
In submitting such proposals, the grounds of these together with statistics of the population, the total and settled area, number of established
and fluctuating surveyed and unsurveyed villages, number of recorders,
land revenue and, if the proposal is based upon extension of cultivation,
the newly settled area for the last three consecutive years in the existing
and proposed Sub-circles should be clearly set forth.
128.
A Supervisor Kanungo should maintain a bicycle in good
condition for which he may be granted advance by the Deputy Commissioner.
129. (a) A number of monthly field alowances at Rs. 20 and Rs. 15
generally equal to the number of Supervisor Kanungos, is alloted to each
district for distribution amongst them. They will be granted and may be
52

withdrawn by the Director of Land Records. Although an allowance will

generally be available for each Kanungo, they will be granted only to those
who thoroughly deserve it. No field allowance will be drawn during any
period of training in the Assam Survey School.
(b) Rewards will be given to Supervisor Kanungos for exceptionally
good work, e.g., in resettlement and extension Survey.
130. The Supervisor Kanungo of each Sub-circle will live in his Subcircle at the place which is fixed by the Deuty Commissioner to be his
headquarters.

Residence

131. The pay of Supervisor Kanungos whose headquarters are

more than 10 miles distant from Sadar or Subdivisional headquarters
may be remitted by postal money order. Provided that (1) when a Supervisor Kanungo is expected in the Sadar or Sub-divisional headquarters in
connection with his work within a short period after the close of the month,
his pay may be kept over and given to him on his arrival, (2) when the
Supervisor Kanungos, headquarters are also the head-quarters of a circle
and a peon is about to be sent there on other business, the Supervisor
Kanungos pay may be sent to him through the peon.

Disbursement of
pay

132. A Supervisor Kanungo must not leave his sub-circle except

as provided for in these rules without the written permission of the Deputy
Commissioner. No Supervisor Kanungo must, save in very special circumstances, be given leave of abstanece, even wihout pay, during the
following periods except on production of a medical certificate signed by
a medical officer-in-charge of a dispensary:

Leave of
absence

(1) November 1st to date of filing the area and crop abstract.
(2) March 1st to date of completion of all papers of the regular
settlement.
Provided that in case of illness of which the duration is short, or the
character severe, the certificate of the Sub-Deputy Collector may be
accepted by the Deputy Commissioner.
In urgent cases the Sub-Deputy Collcetor may grant casual leave
upto 10 days in the year.
133. Should a Supervisor Kanungo be transferred, he must personally make over to his successor the whole of the books, papers and
instruments of the Sub-circle making a detailed list of all the papers and
instruments in triplicate. A copy of the list should be sent to the Circle
Officer with the signatures of both the relieved and the relieving Supervisor Kanungos.

Taking over
charge,

134. It is one of the principal duties of a Supervisor Kanungo to give

the raiyats any information touching their holdings which they may require
of him.

Information
to raiyats

53

Diary

135. The Supervisor Kanungo will maintain a diary in a paged bound

book in the form prescribed in which he will enter each day an abstract of
the nature and amount of each item of work done during the day, where
he has been working and where he spent the night.
136. When the Supervisor Kanungo attends a Government Office or
Court or has occasion to attend upon any Government Officer, he should
obtain the signature of the officer-in-charge or officer concerned attesting
the number of days for which he was detained or number of days on which
he attended.
The diary should show under the signature of the Sub-Deputy Collector, the date on which the Supervisor Kanungo submits,
(a) the last regular and supplementary general settlement (dual) for
his sub-circle,
(b) the area and crop abstract of his sub-circle.
137. If the Supervisor Kanungo has made any local enquiries, his
diary should show the nature of the case and officer under whose orders
he has worked.
138.
Each Supervisor Kanungo will keep an inspection book in
which the superior officers visiting the sub-circle will record their remarks.

Entries to
be made in
re-corders
diary and
note book

General
responsibilities

139. Whenever a Supervisor Kanungo visits a recorder or inspects

his works, he must also examine his diary, and note in it the fact of such
visit or inspection, the general character of recorders work and any orders passed by him. He will enter in the recorders note-book the results
of any check lines that are run.
140. The Supervisor Kanungo is responsible for
(i) the punctual submission of all returns and statements prescribed,
(ii) the proper and punctual performance by the recorders of their
prescribed duties,
(iii) providing guidance to backward recorders in their duties,
(iv) the equipment of the recorders of his sub-cirlce with the necessary survey instruments and the recovery of the price of any instruments
lost or damaged otherwise than by fair wear and tear.

Report of
Recorders
bad work

141. Should a Supervisor Kanungo consider that a recorders work

is slack or badly done, he will report the fact to the Sub-Deputy Collector,
with such details as may be necessary to enable suitable orders to be
passed.
He must also at once report to the Sub-Deputy Collector any recorder who is found, by an examination of the weekly progress returns, to
have submitted a false return of the work done by him during any week.
54

142. The Supervisor Kanungo will be supplied with a wired tape

for the check of the recorders chains in his sub-circle.

Check of
Recorders
Chain

143. When the Supervisor Kanungo visits a village in which the recorder has laid out his measuring standard, he must check the standard
with his tape and correct it, if necessary.

Check of
Recorders
measuring
standard

144. In localities where for any reason the survey is difficult it will be
the duty of the Supervisor Kanungo to have earthen mounds erected not
less than four feet high and six feet in diameter at the base, for the purpose of assisting the recorder in his work. These mounds must be carefully placed in position by the Kanungo himself and marked by him on the
recorders map. They will then be entered in the recorders majmili map
and in the register of survey marks.

Kanungos
dhips

145. The Supervisor Kanungo will be on tour throughout the recorders

Spring and Winter tours. The Prescribed minimum of touring is 200 days.
Of these 200 days, at least 50 nighs will be spent outside headquarters.

Duration of
tour

146.
The Supervisor Kanungo will forward to the Sub-Deputy
Collector every Sunday an abstract of his diary for the past week in Form
13. Such statements will be destroyed six months after the period to which
they relate.

CHECK OF RECORDERS FIELD WORK

147.
The Supervisor Kanungo will be on his rounds of testing the
recorders work and seeing that they work correctly, during the whole of the
recorders two field seasons. He will also ensure that the recorders correctly record in the chitha the areas under different crops and areas of land
put to other uses. He will check intensively the crop recording work in
respect of at least one village of each recorder. In each of such villages
spot verification will be done on the entries made by the recorder in respect of at least 30 days. To make the supervision more effective, the
technique of random sampling will be adopted for selection of villages and
dags. The Statistical Officer posted to the district will make available the
list of selected villages to the Circle Officers during the last week of May
for spring tour and 2nd week of Novemebr for winter tour. Like the recorders, the Supervisor Kanungo will also devote the period from 15th May to
15th June during spring tour and 1st November to 30th November and 1st
January to 15th January during winter tour for checking the work of the
recorders in respect of collection of agricultural statistics.
The District Statistical Officers will provide necessary guidance for
selection of dags. The particulars of land utilisation of the selected dags
as observed by the Supervisor Kanungo and as recorded by the recorder
in the chitha will be noted in the form supplied by the Statistical Officer. The
55

Supervisor Kanungo will submit two copies of the form immediately after
the checking to his Circle Officer.
General
Charater of
check.

Check by
masurements

148.
The Supervisor Kanungos checks are of two kinds, first, by
measurement and second by inspection. The first is effected by the chaining of check lines; the second by visiting a field, examining its boundaries
and its features and by making enquiries concerning it.
149. Check by measurment, that is to say, by chaining check lines,
is most necessary in the case of new fields, brought on to the map whether
in the course of the regular survey or in that of the supplementary survey.
The aggregate length of check lines run each year should not be less than
160 chains for every square mile of new cultivation including land taken up
in the supplementary settlement. A check line should be run through any
block of new cultivation exceeding 50 bighas in extent. But it should rarely
be necessary to run a check line of greater length than 50 chains, and
ordinarily lines of 20 to 30 chains will suffice.

Fluctuating
villages

150. In fluctuating villages where no survey marks are fixed the check
lines need not be connected with any theodolite points and may be run
from field corner to field corner. In all other cases the check lines should,
as far as possible, start from and end upon, permanent survey marks.

Correction
of errors

151. The Supervisor Kanungo must himself correct errors which he

discovers in the course of his check chaining, unless they affect the chained
distance within individual fields by less than 5 per cent (i.e., 1 link in 20)
or unless they entail a complete re-survey. In the latter case he must record
a formal order in the recorders note book for re-survey of the fields and
this resurvey must be effected immediately.

Discrepancies that
are not
due to
error

152. Discrepancies between the recorders survey and the Supervisor Kanungos check may be due to the expansion or contraction of the
map paper or to differences between the chains used for survey and for
check respectively. Care must be taken to secure that such discrepancies
are not treated as errors and that the recorders survey is not altered on
their account.

Record of
map
checking.

153.
Details of check lines will be entered (1) in the recorders
note book and (2) in a field book of the Supervisor Kanungo. The details
must show any differences of total distance and Katan distances, as found
on the ground and as shown by the recorder on the map. The date of the
check, the name of the village and the numbers of the fields on which the
check line began and ended should be entered. The check line should be
marked on the recorders map by a dot-and-dash line.

Check by
Inspection

154. Check by Inspection should be effected in the case of not less

than 20 per cent of the entries in the Chitha. It should include (1) the
general examination of field boundaries to ascertain whether any change
is needed, (2) the comparison of the Chitha entries for crop (including
56

double crop), current fallow or other fallow and culturable waste with the
facts as seen on the ground and (3) the ascertainment, by such enquiry as
is possible of the correctness of the entry showing the settlement-holder in
possession.
155. One of the most important purposes of the Supervisor Kanungos
inspection is to secure that newly taken land is surveyed, recorded and
assessed, and if it is found that newly-taken land has escaped assessment, it will lie with the Supervisor Kanungo to explain how it escaped his
check. In making this check, he will be assisted by the list of newly-taken
fields entered by the recorder on a blank page of the Chitha.

Ommission
of newly
taken land.

In unsurveyed areas there is every likelihood of unassessed cultivation. Each year the Supervisor Kanungo must visit the unsurveyed areas,
if any, within his sub-circle in order to ascertain whether any cultivation has
escaped assessment.
156. Erros that are found by the Supervisor Kanungo must be corrected by him. He must initial in the Chitha every number that he checks
by inspection, and he must mention in his diary the map number of all
fields so checked in each village.

Correction
of Chitha
entries

157. The Supervisor Kanungo will check as many as possible of the

entries in the list of relinquished fields and in the list of fields of which the
assessment is to be altered or on which additional assessment is to be
imposed on account of their conversion to non-agricultural use.

Check of
Relinquishment

158. In the course of the months of May or June or during the

following cold weather, the Supervisor Kanungo must check every entry in
the recorders list of faut, ferar and jotrahin settlement holders and must
attest the list with his signature. He is responsible for the detection and
correction of errors. If his check is not effected until the cold weather and
he finds that fields have been wrongly listed and have been excluded from
settlement, he must submit a report for their re-inclusion in the papers of
the supplementary settlement or their assessment as Tauzi-Bahir. The
Supervisor Kanungo will forward to the Sub-Deputy Collector the recorders list of faut, ferar and jotrahin fields noting on it the entries which he has
checked and retaining a copy with him.

Check of
fault ferar
and jotrahin
lists

159. When the Supervisor Kanungo visits a village, he must satisfy

himself that all tri-junction marks are in proper order and in the case of
established villages, that theodolite stations and supplementary mounds
are plainly visible on the ground.

Inspection
of boundary
marks

57

CHECK OF RECORDERS RECESS WORK

Control and
Check of
recess
work.

160. The Supervisor Kanungo will personally direct and control the
work of his recorders during the recess, and will be responsible that the
various tasks to be completed are taken up systematically by each of
them, and that each one of them understands what is expected of him.
161. He will check 10 per cent of the area calcualtions and land
classification for new and changed fields.

Check of
the
Calculation of
new
assessments.

162. The assessments calculated by the recorder for new and changed
fields must be checked by totalling the areas of such fields class by class,
by claculating the assessement for the class totals and by comparing the
result with the total assessment obtained by adding up the individual assessment of the fields.
163.
In tracts that have been resettled, the Supervisor Kanungo is
responsible that this recorders understand the calcualtion of revenue by
the soil-unit system. He should check the revenue calculations in the case
of 10 per cent of the new fields to ascertain whether the correct multipliers
have been used (Rule 92).

Check of
totalling

164. The Supervisor Kanungo will check at least ten per cent of the
page totals in respect of crop and other land uses statistics in case of
experienced recorders and twenty per cent in case of inexperienced recorders. He will compare the page totals checked by him with the entries
made by the recorders in the respective abstract form submitted by the
recorders along with the villagewise consolidated abstracts. He will sign
against each page total in the abstract form whose totals are checked in
the chitha. He will check the village totals in respect of at least 20 percent
of the villages before preparation of the consolidated villagewise statement for his sub-circle. Village-wise statements for crop, area and irrigation abstracts are to be prepared in duplicate and one copy of each of
them should be submitted to the Circle Officer on or before the specified
dates.
If any recorder does not submit the crop abstract Part I on 1st July (if
1st July happens to be holiday or a Sunday, on the next opening day) and
crop abstract Part II, area abstract and irrigation abstract on 1st February
(if 1st February happens to be a holiday or Sunday, then on the next
opening day), he will submit a list of defaulting recorders to the Circle
Officer immediately.

Check of
Comparison

165. He will further compare :

(1) five percent of the jamabandi entries with the corresponding chitha
entries,

58

(2) the Jamabandi total area with the Chitha total area of settled
holdings,
(3) the entries of the relinquishment register with the Chitha,
(4) the entries of faut, ferar and Jotrahin lists with the Chitha.
166. The Supervisor Kanungo will check a certain number of entries
in each plus and minus settlement abstract.
167. He will sign all the field chithas and Jamabandis as passed by
him.
168. He will compare all new pattas with the Jamabandi and initial
them.
169. He will scrutinise each map as inked up and see that it has
been inked up in accordance with rules.
170. He will check at least ten percent of corrections of the local
periodic Jamabandi effected by the recorder under rule 100. In the Cachar
district where mutation is the main work of the recorder, the check shall
be twenty-five percent.

Check of
mutations

171. It is one of the most important duties of the Supervisor Kanungo

to prepare the settlement assessment statement (dual) for each Mauza or
Pargana of his sub-circle . The statement for the regular settlement is due
from him on the 1st August and that for the supplementary settlement on
the 1st February. Recorders and Supervisor Kanungos shall give a certificate on the duals to the effect that all Sarkari dags have been visited
and that no occupied Sarkari land has been left unassessed. During the
currency of a re-settlement operation, the Settlement Officer will be responsible for getting regular and supplementary duals prepared by the
Supervisor Kanungos.

Settlement
assessment
Statement
(dual)

REGISTERS
172.
The most imporatant register to be maintained by the Supervisor Kanungo is the statistical register of village areas. This will be in
Forms A, B and C, appended. As the register is in three parts it should
be maintained in three volumes. A page will be allotted to each village in
which he will enter a line of the totals for each year.
173.
are :

Other registers to be maintained by the Supervisor Kanungo

(1) Instrument Ledger Account (Form D).

(2) Instrument Day Book Account.
174.
The Instrument Day Book Account will be in book form showing the receipt and issue of instruments. A few pages will be allotted to
each kind of instrument and entries will be made as illustarted below :
59

Chains : In hand on 1st July, 1961 10

Issued to recorder X and Y
on 1st November, 1961.
Received from Registrar
Kanungo on 31st January,
1962
Balance in hand
175. The Instrument Ledger Account will be in Form D. A number
of pages will be allotted for each recorders lot and for each year four lines
of figures will be entered, showing respectively (1) the number of serviceable instruments in hand at commencement of the year, (2) the number
become unserviceable or lost during the year, (3) the number supplied
during the year and (4) balance of serviceable instruments in hand at the
close of the year.

RETURNS
Annual
return of
Survey
instruments.

176. On 1st July the Supervisor Kanungo shall submit to the SubDeputy Collector an abstract of the instrument ledger account and apply
for sanction to write off unserviceable instruments. He will at the same
time apply for instruments required to supply deficiencies. The abstract
ledger account will be forwarded to the Registrar Kanungo (See rule 192).
The Sub-Deputy Collector will after enquiry sanction the writing off of unserviceable instruments (See rule 220).

Annual
work
return

177. The Supervisor Kanungo will report the results of his inspection
work for the twelve months ending 30th September by submitting in duplicate to the Deputy Commissioner through the Sub-Deputy Collector concerned on the 1st October a statement in form F appended. The Deputy
Commissioner will forward a copy of the statement to the Director of Land
Records. Each statement must show the work of the preceding settlement
year ending on 30th September.
178. On the 1st October of each year he will submit for the twelve
months ending 30th September in standardised form 8, a statement of the
condition of the boundary marks in his charge to the Deputy Commissioner through the Sub-Deputy Collector concerned. A compiled statement in this from for the district will be forwarded by the Deputy Commissioner to the Director of Land Records.

List of
Supervisor
Kanungos,
returns

179. The following is the list of various returns for the timely submission of which the Supervisor Kanungo is responsible :
60

(1) Weekly Abstract Diary.

(2) Regular Settlement Statements for his Sub-Circle by 1st August.
(3) Supplementary Settlement Statement for his Sub-Circle by 1st
February.
(4) Area crop and Irrigation Abstracts for his Sub-Circle on due
dates.
(5) Other crop statistics returns on due dates.
(6) Annual work return.

by 1st

(7) Annual instrument return

October.

(8) Annual survey marks return.

SECTION 2 REGISTRAR KANUNGO

180.
Registrar kanungos are appointed, punished and dismissed
by the Deputy Commissioner and appeals against the Deputy
Commissioners order lie to the Commissioner. Deputy Commissioners
are expected to give due weight to any recommendation for punishment
or dismissal which may be made by the Director of Land Records and in
the case of any difference of opinion, the Director of Land Records is at
liberty to refer the matter to the Commissioner.

Appointment and
Punishment.

181. The main duties of the Registrar Kanungos are as follows :

(1) Custody and maintenance of the Jamabandi registers.
(2) Custody and issue of maps.
(3) Custody and issue of instruments.
(4) Preparation of recorders and Supervisor Kanungos pay
bills.
(5) Preparation of consolidated area crop and irrigation
abstracts and crop forecast returns.
(6) Preparation of the general settlement statements (dual)
for the Mauzas and for the whole subdivision.
(7) The forwarding punctually of all the crop statistics returns
to departments concerned.
(8) Preparation and timely submission of other returns to
the Director of Land Records and Government.
182. The principal duty of the Registrar Kanungo is to maintain the
Jamabandi Register up-to-date,

61

Duties

Maintenance of
Jamabandi
Register

(1) by correcting it or causing it to be corrected, so as to give effect

to the orders passed for mutation or partition or for alteration of classification and altered or additional assessment of agricultural fields converted to non-agricultural use.
(2) by striking off or causing to be struck off, land which has been
relinquished or has been excluded as faut, ferar or jotrahin or settlement
of which has been annulled and by adding or causing to be added any
new land which is settled periodically or any land which is transferred from
annual to periodic. All corrections in the Jamabandi Register shall be
made in red ink and shall bear, in addition to any other signature, the
signature and date of the Registrar Kanungo and a reference to the authority for the correction.
183. Orders for mutation or partition shall be carried out in the following manner:-

Giving effect
to orders
for mutation
and partition

(i) In the case of orders for mutation passed by a Court in the

regular procedure, the files shall be sent to the Registrar Kanungo, who
shall personally correct the Jamabandi Register as require by the order
of the Court. He shall sign and date the correction in the Jamabandi
Register and shall make a reference in the column of remark of the
Jamabandi Register to the number and date of the regular case He shall
also make a note of compliance in the record of the case.
Similar action shall be taken by the Registrar Kanungo in respect of
the orders passed by the Civil Court under rule 118 or by the Deputy
Commissoner under rule 119 of the Rules framed under the Assam Land
and Revenue Regulation.
In the case of orders for partition passed by a Court, the records of
the partition cases shall be sent to the Sub-Deputy Collector who will give
effect to the orders by correcting the map, the Chitha and the local periodic Jamabandi and by preparing separate leases, where necessary.
The corrections thus made in the local periodic Jamabandi will, in due
course, be carried to the Jamabandi register by the recorder under rule
100.
A somewhat similar procedure should be followed in giving effect to
orders for annulment or settlement of estates under section 90 of the
Assam Land and Revenue Regulation and also in respect of patta lands
acquired for public purposes.
(ii) In the case of orders for mutation or partition passed by a SubDeputy Collector or other officers duly empowered on the recorders
Chitha, the recorder (as required by rule 100) shall make the initial correction in the Jamabandi Register, shall affix his initials and date thereto
and shall make a reference in the column of remarks of the Jamabandi
register to the order of the Sub-Deputy Collector or other officers duly
62

empowered. The Registrar Kanungo shall then check, countersign and

date the entries which have been made by the recorder in the Jamabandi
register. He shall also put his signature with date as a sign of compliance
in column 7 of the recorders chitha.
(iii) Both in the case of regular mutations and of Chitha mutations the
Registrar Kanungo will see that the orders are properly carried out in
regard to the transfer or otherwise of land from patta one to another. When
the land is to be transferred to another patta, it will be removed entirely to
that patta and the total revenue payable in respect of each patta will be
altered accordingly. When the land is to remain in its present patta, the
new name will be added jointly to that of the existing pattadar and a note
will be made in the remark column of each field concerned to the effect
that so much land bearing so much revenue has been recorded in the
possession of so and so by virtue of the order of such and such date.
(iv) When a settlement -holder applies, in consequence of an order
of mutation, for the correction of his periodic patta, the correction will be
made by the Registrar Kanungo. Such applications may be presented
before the Circle Sub-Deputy Collector, who will forward them to the
Registrar Kanungo and return the corrected pattas on receipt to the applicants.

Correction
of pattas

184. The Registrar Kanungo will bring to the notice of the Sub-Deputy
Collector any cases in which conflicting orders have been passed about
the same matter by Courts and by Sub-Deputy Collector or other officers
duly empowered in the field.

Report of
errors

185. When the Registerar Kanungo receives from each Sub-Deputy

Collector under rule 102, the annual statement of mutations, he will prepare an abstract for the subdivision (Form 15) and will bind up the abstract along with the forms received from the Sub-Deputy Collectors. The
abstract should be completed before the close of the summer recess and
the figures should be available for the annual report.

Register of
mutation

186. As regards the striking out of relinquished and excluded land

and the addition of new land, the Registrar Kanungo will obtain his information from the recorders Chitha. At the close of the summer recess all
recorders will be required to present themselves at the Registerar
Kanungos Office (Rule 100) and will under his supervision and control to
correct the Jamabandi Register in red ink so as to bring on to it erasures
and additions made in their Chithas.

Procedure
in registering
exclusions
and
additions.

187. The Registrar Kanungo will, at the same time, see that the
recorders correct their field Chitha and the local periodic Jamabandi, so
as to carry on to these papers all mutations that have been entered during
the past year in the Jamabandi register. To facilitate this, the Registrar
Kanungo should keep a list village by village of pattas in which corrections
have been made in the Jamabandi register.

Transfer of
recorders
papers of
mutations
ordered in
Court.

63

The Registrar Kanungo shall correct the Jamabandi in respect of all

periodic pattas annulled under the orders of the Commissioner for faut,
ferar or Jotrahin. The recorder shall copy these corrections to his local
periodic Jamabandi and the Chitha in accordance with rule 101.
Custody of
recorded

188. The Registrar Kanungo is responsible for the coutody of the

spare copies of he village maps. He will keep a map issue register in
Form G appended.
The register will contain entries regarding maps sold to the public
as well as those issued free of charges for Government purposes. The
challan numbers and dates supporting the sale entries should be mentioned in the remarks column and the challan should be kept in a separate file for the purpose of check.
189. The maps must be carefully stored on iron racks in the tubes
provided for the purpose. In sorting them the following points must be
attended to :
(1) All the copies of a single sheet must be kept in the same tube.
(2) Copies of two different sheets must never be kept in the same
tube, even if they relate to the same village
(3) The name of village and mauza or pargana, the number of sheet
in the village and the number printed in the sheet must be written on a
piece of paper and pasted on the cap of the tube.
(4) The tubes, when filled must be arranged serially on the rack
according to mauzas or parganas.

Custody of
records.
Disposal of
old maps.

Instruments

190. The Registrar Kanungo will be responsible for the safe custody
of all records that are filed with him under the rules.
191. The Registerar Kanungo will make over to the record keeper
for deposit in the revenue record room the old maps which are filed by
the recorder under rule 55 after having them arranged according to the
serial number and bound by mauza or parganas. These maps will be
destroyed after the next resettlement has been completed.
192. He will retain charge of all instruments kept in stock and will
maintain for the year ending 30th June on account of the receipt and
issue of instruments. One or, if necessary, two pages of the book will be
assigned to each instrument and headed chains, pins, tapes, etc.
The entries will take the form of a simple plus and minus record, always
showing after each transaction the date of transaction and the balance in
stock as below :

64

Date

No.

In hand 1st July 1960

10

Issued to Supervisor Kanungo on

1st November, 1961.

8
Received from the mathematical

10

instrument office on 1st January, 1962

Total in hand and so on

18

He will keep a ledger account in Form D. When, in accordance with

rule 176, the Supervisor Kanungo sends an account of the instruments in
his Sub-Circle, he will check the account by the ledger account and report
all discrepancies to the Sub-Deputy Collector. New instruments will be
issued to Supervisor Kanungos on indents passed by the Sub-Deputy
Collector.
193. The Registrar Kanungo will take all steps so that sufficient
supplies of the blank forms and stationery required by recorders are kept
in stock. He will forward once in each year, before the close of December,
to the recorders recess office, the full supply of blank forms and stationery that may be required by the recorders.
Before making out the indent for forms or stationery, he should ascertain from the Sub-Deputy Collectors their exact requirements.
The indent for stationery should be based on the standard requirements of stationery of the land records staff which is as follows :
Indents should be prepared to ensure that the stationery articles in
use each year do not fall below the standard :-

65

Forms
and
stationery

Standard list of stationery to be supplied annually to each

Supervisor Kanungo and recorder.

Serial No.

Description of stationery Standard number required annually

by
each supervisor each Recorder
Kanungo
2

Bank post paper

According to
requirements to
each sub-circle

2
3

P 70 A paper, 30x22
Cloth tracing 30

4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Brushes (Camal hair)

Pencil H.H.
Ditto H.H.H.H.
Drawing pins
Ruler flat (12)
Saucer colour
Colours-Cobalt blue
vandyke brown, cobalt
green, indigo, ochre
yellow, red chalk.

ditto
10-20 yds acco
rding to require
ments of each
sub-circle
3
2
1
...
1
6
1 cake each

11
12

Ink, Indian
Erasors rubber
(Ink and pencil) large
Ink glasses
Ink powder, blue black
Ditto,scarlet
Steel pin nibs No,
166 Fine

1 cake

Ditto red ink

Penholder, clerical
Paper blotting
Paper foolscap
Needle, small
Cotton thread

18
2
6 sheets
6 quires
1
1 bell of 2

13
14
15
16

17
18
19
20
21
22

....
3
1
4
1
1
Nill

Remarks

This number should

be in use and indents
should be prepared
accordingly

1/2 cake
1
2

1
2

1 packet
1/2 packet

1 packet
1/2 packet

2 for drawing
purpose.
18
3
6 sheets
4 quires
1
tolas 1 ball of 2 tolas

66

This includes one for

map ping.

194. He will distribute before the 1st June in each year the Supervisor
Kanungos and recorders bound diary books.

Diary
books

195. He will maintain a register of certificated candidates for the post

of recorder in Form 1. The register of certificated candidates must be
carefully kept up-to-date and in the names of candidates who are appointed as recorders must at once be struck out. The name of any candidate who shall not have obtained an appointment or shall have refused an
acting appointment within 5 years from the date of his obtaining a certificate, must also be struck out, unless the Deputy Commissioner decides for
special reasons to retain it.

Register
of candidates

The register may be re-written when the Deputy Commissioner considers it necessary.
196. He will maintain a register of pending surveys in the following
form and put it up to the Deputy Commissioner or the Subdivisional Officer,
as the case may be, at the beginning of every field seasons :
1.

Name of Mauza.

2.

Name of village.

3.

Date of request for traverse.

4.

Year of traverse.

5.

Date of receipt of traverse polygon.

6.
cerned.
7.

Date of despatch of polygon to Sub-Deputy Collector conDate of passing of survey.

197. The Registrar Kanungo will prepare a consolidated copy of the

recorders area and crop abstracts for the whole subdivision, which will be
forwarded to the Director of Agriculture, Shillong so as to reach his office
not later than the 1st July. A copy should be given to the Director of Statistics, Shillong and another to the Director of Land Records.

Crop
statements

198. When the Sub-Deputy Collectors diary is returned by the Deputy

Commissioner, the Registrar Kanungo will take action on the Deputy
Commissioners orders and then forward the diary to the Sub-Deputy
Collector. They will be kept in the Sub-Deputy Collectors Office and destroyed there after two years.

Sub-Deputy
Collectors
diaries

199. The Registrar Kanungo is responsible for the punctual preparation of recorders and Supervisor Kanungos pay bills.
200. It is his duty to bring to the notice of the Deputy Commissioner
or Subdivisional Officer any case of delay in returning the acquittance rolls.

67

Recorders
and
Supervisor
Kanungos
pay bills

Orders of
Deputy
Commissioner.

201. All orders affecting any recorder or Supervisor Kanungo passed

by the Deputy Commissioner or Subdivisional Officer should be communicated by the Registrar Kanungo to the Sub-Deputy Collector concerned.

PART III SUB-DEPUTY COLLECTOR

General
duties of
the SubDeputy
Collector

202. (1) The Sub-Deputy Collector is directly responsible to the

Deputy Commissioner for proper carrying out these rules. It is his duty to
see that the recorders and Supervisor Kanungos act as herein ordered;
that the returns and statements prescribed are punctually submitted; that
the recorders begin their tours on the proper date; that the Supervisor
Kanungos constantly check the work of recorders of his Sub-Circle. He is
also responsible for timely submission of circle crop forecast returns and
compilation of circle area, crop and irrigation abstracts.
(2) The Sub-Deputy Collectors control over the work of the Supervisor Kanungo should be steady and sustained. It in not enough that deficiencies in their work should be discovered and brought to notice by him
at long intervals; what is required is that he should Jeep a constant watch
over the manner in which they are performing their duties, so that any
defects in their works may be noticed and remedied as soon as they
occur.
(3) The Circle Sub-Deputy Collectors should be regarded as heads
of offices in respect of the recorders (mandals and patwaris) subordinate
to them for the purpose for maintenance of their service books only (Government letter No. 752R, dated the 9th March, 1922). The Sub-Deputy
Collectors will accordingly attest the service books and the character rolls
of recorders and keep them in their custody.

Amount
touring
required

203. The Sub-Deputy Collector should be on tour for atleast 125

days including 25 night-thalts outside headquarters during the period from
1st October to 15th June. During these tours he will superintend and check
the work of every recorder and see that the Supervisor Kanungo performs
his duties properly. To enable him to dispose of as many mutation case as
possible, he should annually visit every village in his circle. He will check
the work of collection of agricultural statistics done by the recorders in
some dags of the villages he visits. When on tour, he must always keep the
Registrar Kanungo informed of his movements, so that there may not occur
the least possible delay in communicating with him from the district or
subdivisional headquarters.

Duties
during the
recess

204. A circle Sub-Deputy Collector is also responsible for directing

and checking the office work of his recorders during the winter and summer recesses. The time occupied in recess inspection is exclusive of 125
days touring prescribed in the foregoing rule.
68

205. Throughout the year he will keep a diary book, showing, while
at office, the nature and amount of checking done, and when on tour the
names of villages visited, the names of the Kanungos or recorders whose
work he has inspected, an abstract of the nature and amount of each item
of field work done, the place where he halts at night, and any other particulars to enable the Deputy Commissioner or Subdivisional Officer to
know how work is proceeding. He will paticularly include in his diary the
result of the check done by him on the work of collection of agricultural
statistics. Each week he will note briefly in his diary the agricultural operations in progress, the crop prospects, the occurrrence of epidemics or
out-break of cattle diseases, any calamity affecting the lives of the people
and any items of general information.

Diary

The diary should be written on half margin and forwarded in original,

weekly to the Deputy Commissioner (through the Subdivisional Officer),
who will record his orders and return it to the Registrar Kanungo. After
action has been taken on the Deputy Commissioners or Subdivisional
Officers remarks, the diary will be filed, unless the Deputy Commissioner
has ordered that it should be forwarded to the Director of Land Records.
Only those diaries should be forwarded to the Director of Land Records
which contain matters of special interest or on which instructions are required. The Director of Land Records will return the diaries to the Deputy
Commissioner after recording his remarks or instructions in the margin.
206. The field and office work of the Sub-Deputy Collector will generally be that laid down for Supervisor Kanungos, but, in addition to checking the work of recorders, he should constantly test the accuracy of the
checking already effected by the Supervisor Kanungos. In fluctuating villages he should run at least one short checkiline (not exceeding 50 chains)
for every 500 bighas of fluctuating cultivation. In fluctuating villages and in
villages where cultivation is extending, he should, by a general inspection
of Sarkari dags, see that no new cultivation has remained unsurveyed. He
should separately report to the Deputy Commissioner or Sub-divisional
Officer for orders in all cases in which he finds the work of a Supervisor
Kanungo or recorder backward or inaccurate. Any instructions he gives to
the recorder should be entered in a blank page of the Chitha concerned,
where he should also note the date of his inspection of that village.

Check of
recorders
work

He should check at least 5 per cent of the entries and mapping

already checked by the Supervisor Kanungo, so as to ensure that the
Supervisor Kanungo effects his checking honestly.
207. He should verify on the spot and sign at least 75 per cent of the
recorders lists of faut, ferar and 100 per cent of Jotrahin fields. This
verification may be effected by him during the cold weather following the
preparation of the regular settlement papers, if he cannot complete his
enquiries during the month of June. He will, of course, correct any errors
69

Faut, ferar
and
Jotrahin
fields.

he discovers and if they are not discovered until the winter tour, he will
give effect to the corrections by re-including fields in the supplementary
settlement papers or by assessing them as tauzibahir. He will during his
spring tour check the proposals of the recorder for alteration or additional
assessment of fields which have been converted to non-agricultural use.
Faut ferar
and
Jatrahin
exclussion

208. At the commencement of the summer recess he will submit to

the Deputy Commissioner in form J appended, an abstract of the recorders
faut, ferar and Jotrahin lists showing the exclusions which are to be made
in drawing up the regular settlement papers and indicating in what cases
the recorders lists have been tested and in what cases testing has been
deferred to the cold weather. All untested lists rate to be assumed to be
correct for the purpose of making exclusions from the regular settlement
papers, unless any special enquiry is ordered by the Deputy Commissioner on receipt of this abstract. He will also submit to the Deputy Commissioner the list in from K of all fields which have been converted to nonagricultural use during the previous year, with a note and recommendation
as to the rate of altered or additional assessment.

Authority to
make
settlement

209. (1) The power of settlement of waste land is vested in the

Deputy Commissioner by rule 2 of the Settlement Rules made under the
Assam Land and Revenue Regulation; but under rule 3 of those rules the
Deputy Commissioner may delegate his powers to subordinate officers,
and in general, extensive delegation of powers is made to Sub-Deputy
Collectors in charge of circles. Delegation of powers may be made by the
Deputy Commissioner subject to the limitations mentioned below and
each Sub-Deputy Collector must acquaint himself with the limits of powers delegated to him.
There are, moreover, in most districts special instructions issued by
the Government, by the Commissioner or by the Deputy Commissioner
applicable to certain areas or to classes of persons by which the power
of the Sub-Deputy Collectors to issue pattas or to convert annual pattas
into periodic has been circumscribed. It is not possible to deal with all
these in one set of instructions and each Sub-Deputy Collector must
ascertain the instructions, general or special, applicable to his area and
strictly follow them.
(2) No new periodic pattas shall be issued for lands lying within an
area covered by a mining lease except under special orders of Government.
(3) The Deputy Commissioner, the Subdivisional Officer or the SubDeputy Collector must satisfy himself that no public right, such as a village
path, is being interferred with by any proposed settlement.
(4) Generally, no new settlement of waste land will be made except
on application with proper court fee affixed to it.
70

(5) Settlement of land in areas constituted into belts or blocks under

the provisions of Chapter X of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation
(Amendment Act, 1947) for the purpose of ordinary cultivation or purposes of anciliary thereto shall be made according to the provision of that
chapter and the Rules made thereunder and in conformity with such policy
and procedure as laid down by Government from time to time.
(6) The special restrictions on settlement (a) of town lands by settlement Rules 67-69, (b) of road side lands by Settlement Rule 23, (c) of
lands near a municipality or notified area by Settlement rule 28 and (d) on
settlement of any new land with one who already holds lands upto a ceiling laid down by Government from time to time must be observed.
Delegation
of powers

(7) Powers may be delegated to Sub-Deputy Collectors in-charge of

circles to make new settlement of land for ordinary cultivation with individual cultivator upto an area of 12 bighas or any other area fixed by
Government from time to time. All new settlements of lands will be made
only with landless, actual cultivators in order of preference as laid down
in the latest Government resolution on land settlement policy. The resolution of 1958, being the latest till now, is printed in Appendix C. When a
compact block of waste land comprising an area of 50 bighas or more
is available for settlement the area would be settled with local landless
cultivators on co-operative basis, with prior approval of Government.
(8) All pattas shall in the first place be annual, but the Sub-Deputy
Collector may convert annual pattas into periodic, provided all the conditions of rule 105 are fulfilled. Annual pattas will be converted into periodic
only on receipt of a report from the recorder and Supervisor Kanungo
under rule 105. Not less than 25 per cent of such reports shall actually be
tested by the Sub-Deputy Collectors himself. The area of any annual patta
to be converted into periodic by the Sub-Deputy Collector shall not exceed 30 bighas or any other area as may be fixed by Government from
time to time. For lands exceding this area, a periodic patta shall be
issued only by the Deputy Commissioner and under conditions as laid
down in rule 105.
(9) During the currency of resettlement operations, the powers of
the Sub-Deputy Collectors and of the Deputy Commissioner in respect of
settlement of waste land and conversion of annual pattas into periodic
shall be exercised by the Assistant Settlement Officer and the Settlement
Officer respectively.
210. (1) Apart from checking the work of recorders and Supervisor
Kanungos, the Sub-Deputy Collector has a most important duty to perform in the disposal of mutation cases. For this purpose he should work
upon the recorders Chitha, enquiring in the village concerned in regard
to the accuracy of each entry made in column 8. Entries that are correct
and undisputed will be signed by him with date and his signature will
71

authorise the Registrar Kanungos to make the mutation. Entries which are
not correct will be struck out by the Sub-Deputy Collector under his signature. In regard to entries that are disputed, he will record in the remark
column of the Chitha that there is a dispute, will take a separate note of
the case and will, either of his own motion, cause proclamation and notices to be issued for its hearing at office on the date fixed by him, or
direct the persons claiming the land to file regular mutation petitions in the
circle office.
(2) During each recess the Sub-Deputy Collector should of his own
motion take action, as far as possible for disposal in office of all mutation
cases which he could not dispose of in the field season.
(3) Mutation cases which are disposed of in office should never be
shown in the return as mutations by summary procedure.
(4) All mutation cases in office should be disposed of strictly in conformity with the provisions of part I, Chapter IV of the Assam Land and
Revenue Regulation.
(5) In addition to checking individual field and testing mutations noted
by the recorder, the Sub-Deputy Collector should at least once every two
years read out each local periodic Jamabandi in the presence of the
villagers concenred. As this is the only method of finding out whether the
record is up-to-date, special attention must be paid to it more particularly
in areas where cultivation is settled, population dense and mutations numerous.
(6) Mutations and partitions of all Town Lands shall be effected by
the formal office procedure only, the powers given by section 58 (1) (Part
I, Chapter IV of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation being used to
compel the filing of an application for mutation.
(7) During the currency of resttlement operations, all undisputed
mutations and partitions recorded in the Chitha in respect of lands in rural
areas shall be passed by the Assistant Settlement Officer (See rule 57 of
the Executive Instructions in the Assam Resttlement Manual) . Attached
Sub-Deputy Collector though invested with mutation and settlement powers shall not ordinarily execise these powers unless specially directed by
the Circle Officer in writing either generally or in respect of particular areas
or cases.
Filed
mutation
undisputed

211. (1) As the majority of transfers are undisputed, the Sub-Deputy

Collector should endeavour to suit the convenience of the people and to
minimise the office and process serving work by doing as much mutation
work as possible in the village itself. When on tour he should, a few days
before visiting a village, give notice to the recorder, Sarpanch or Gaobura
so that as many villagers as possible may be present. He should also ask
the recorder and the Gaobura to get in touch with the local Gaon Panchayat
72

and to inform it of his impending visit. Ordinarily he should sit in the office
of the Gaon Panchayat or the Anchalik Panchayat, as the case may be,
for the purpose of passing field mutation and reading the Jamabandi.
Having collected a number of villagers he will go through the undisputed
changes in possession noted in column 8 of the recorders chitha, ascertaining from each transferor, if present, if there is any objection to the
change. If a transferor be absent, it will be safe to effect mutation if every
one of that village present agrees and on production of registered deeds
by the transferee. But in case of any doubt as regards possession and
prima facie title, the Sub-Deputy Collector shall not effect mutation. In
cases of inheritance, the absence of any objection, on the part of those
present, to the names of the heirs entered by the recorder will be sufficient
to justify the effecting of mutation by the Sub-Deputy Collector. No evidence need be recorded, but when the pattadar is present and he agrees
to the transfer the fact should invariably be noted in the remark column of
the Chitha. The serial number of all registered deeds and the year of
registeration are also to be noted in the remark column of the Chitha.
(2) It is not unlikely that some mistakes might now and then occur in
these summary enquiries. But a safeguard has been provided by section
53A (2) of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation to the effect that any
person aggrieved by a summary order may formally submit objection
petition within a period of three years from the date of the order for setting
aside the said order. Such petition should be made to the Sub-Deputy
Collector in cases disposed of by him or by mauzadars. On receipt of the
objection petition within the said time limit of three years, the Sub-Deputy
Collector shall immediately cancel the mutation order complained of, and
proceed as if an application for mutation has been received treating the
persons whose names had been mutated as applicants.
212. If, when a dispute exists, the Sub-Deputy Collector can bring
the parties to agreement without difficulty, he should do so, but he must be
careful in such cases to take the signature or thumb impression of both
parties in the Chitha. If the parties do not agree, he will not record evidence but leave the case for disposal in office, noting on the Chitha the
existence of a dispute.

Disputed
cases

213. (a) Land will be transferred from one patta to another during
the pendency of a settlement, provided that the Sub-Deputy Collector or
other officer duly empowered has so ordered when decideing a dispute
under the last rule or both sides have consented in writing before the SubDeputy Collector or other officer duly empowered to the transfer of the
land. When both sides have verbally consented to the transfer of the land,
the Sub-Deputy Collector or other officer duly empowered should encourage them to file a joint petition embodying their consent.

Transfer
from one
patta to
another

73

(b) When the order of the Sub-Deputy Collector or other officer duly
empowered is to the effect that the land shall remain in its present patta
but that a change shall be made in the recorded possession, the SubDeputy Collector or other officer duly empowered will cross out the entry
in column 7 of the Chitha and mark the entry in column 8 for transfer to
column 7. All such orders will be made in the Chitha in blue pencil or ink
and will be signed and dated by the Sub-Deputy Collector or other officer
duly empowered.
(c) When the order of the Sub-Deputy Collector or other officer duly
empowered is to the effect that in addition to a change of name, the land
should be transferred to another patta, he shall proceed as in clause (b)
and shall also note the particulars of the transfer, thusfrom patta No. 18
to patta No. 29.
(d) When the Sub-Deputy Collector acting under rule 45 (iii) has
sanctioned the creation of a new dag, he shall record an order, consistent
with the above rules, declaring whether the new dag shall remain in the
present patta or shall be transferred to another patta.
Undisputed
cases of
partitions

214. (1) The Sub-Deputy Collector may at the same time give effect
to undisputed cases of partition the survey of which has already been
carried out by the recorder. If any of the parties to the partition object, the
Sub-Deputy Collector will cancel the recorders survey and refer the parties to Court.
(2) Partition can be effected in two ways, either by (a) Transferring
a dag or dags, or a portion or portions thereof, from one patta to another
with the consent of the parties, or by (b) issuing new pattas where there
are no pattas to which partitioned dag or dags can be added.
(3) Before giving effect to partition under this rule, the Sub-Deputy
Collector must satisfy himself that no arrears of revenue are outstanding
against the estate.
(4) During the currency of settlement the Assistant Settlement Officer will pass all undisputed partition recorded in the Chitha by the recorder.

Office
mutation
procedure

215. (1) When formal applications for mutation are received, action
will be taken on them as regular revenue cases. That is to say, notices will
be issued and the case will be duly enquired into in office, by recording
summary evidence. If any. If mutation is ordered, the Circle Officer will fill
up the final order in form 9 with his own hand. It will then be given effect
to in the Jamabandi Register and the local periodic Jamabandi.
(2) While disposing of mutation cases in office, the provisions of
Part I Chapter IV of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation should be
strictly followed. Applications for mutation should
74

10 of Part I (Assamese)
be filled in form 26 [of Assam
6 of part II (Bengali)
Schedule XVII] and reports called for on such applications should be in
form No.8 of PartI Assamese

NO. 5 OF PART II
Bengali of Assam Schedule XVII. The Registering Officer must in
every case satisfy himself by personal inspection of the papers(a) that the
application for mutation has been duly verified, is in proper form and contains all the necessary information and (b) that the general and special
notices required under section 52(1) and (2) and section 56 (1) of the
Assam Land and Revenue Regulation have been duly published and served
respectively. He must record the fact of his having done so as regards (a)
on the date on which the application for mutation first comes before him
and as to (b) on the date on which the case is taken up after the provisions
of section 52 and 56 have been compiled with. This duty is of the greatest
importance and MUST ON NO ACCOUNT be omitted or left to a subordinate ministerial officer.
(3) The notices mentioned above should be in form 28 [Assam Schedule XVII, Part I form No. 5 (English) form No.6 (Assamese) and part II form
No.5 (Bengali)]. They should be served in the manner prescribed in section 52 of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation and the Rule 122
framed thereunder. When the notices have been returned with a certificate
of service, the Sub-Deputy Collector should, one month after the date of
service, if no objection be preferred, order, without further enquiry, the
necessary changes to be made in the Jamabandi register and the local
periodic Jamabandi.
(4) If, however, an objection is received, he will proceed to enquire
into the case. He will fix a day for hearing, will hear and record necessary
evidence, will record his decision and will pass a final order for mutation
(if mutation be ordered) in form No.9 of Assam Schedule XVII, Part I. He
will ensure that such a final order in the said form is duly given effect to by
necessary changes made in the Jamabandi Register and the local periodic Jamabandi.
(5) A mutation case taken up on application for disposal in office
should ordinarily be dismissed or struck off with the default of the applicant
for mutation, provided that the Court or officer dealing therewith may, at its
or his discretion, keep the case pending for reasons to be recorded in the
order sheet. Cases dismissed or struck off as above may be revived on
a duly stamped application for revival filed within one month of the order
of dismissal, if the said Court or Officer be satisfied that there was suf75

ficient cause for the default. Applications for mutations in the cases dismissed or struck off for default and not revived should be sent to the
recorders concerned after a month from the date of dismissal with orders
for noting the mutations in column 8 of the Chitha for disposal by the SubDeputy Collector after local verification under section 53-A of the Assam
Land and Revenue Regulation.
Field
mutation by
Mauzadar

216. (1) A Mouzadar who has been duly empowered in this behalf
will also, when there is no dispute, dispose of field mutation and uncontested partition cases by the ordinary field mutation procedure when he
goes to the village. In effecting partition, he can, with the consent in writing
of the parties concerned, order the transfer of entire dags (not parts of
dags) from one patta to another.
(2) If any objection is filed against an order of field mutation passed
by a Maouzadar, the Mouzadar will have no power to revise his own order;
and the petition of objection, if filed within three years of the order, should
be treated as a contested case and disposed of by the Sub-Deputy
Collector in the manner indicated in Rule 211(2).

Mutation
work in
office

217.
During the Summer recess, the Sub-Deputy Collector will,
after the completion of settlement work, examine the recorders field
Chithas, and
(a) see that the transfers attested in the field by him or other officer
duly empowered are brought on to the local periodic Jamabandi and the
Jamabandi Register ;
(b) issue notices and proclamations in all disputed cases left over
by him for disposal in office and proceed as laid down in rule 215; and
(c) dispose of in the field, even during the recess when practicable,
all undisputed mutations left
undisposed of by him during the previous field season, or else give them priority in the ensuing field season.

Survey of
unsurveyed
areas.

218.
It will be the duty of the Sub-Deputy Collector to arrange,
under the rules for the gradual survey of any unsurveyed areas which his
Circle may include. For this purpose and for the purpose of seeing whether
there is any concealed cultivation, the Sub-Deputy Collector should make
occasional visits to such unsurveyed areas.

Supervisor
Kanungos
and
recorders
abstract
diaries.

219.
The Sub-Deputy Collector, when he receives the Supervisor
Kanungos or recorders weekly abstract diaries, will examine each of
them and pass such orders as may be necessary. Whenever necessary,
the Sub-Deputy Collector will forward the diaries to the Deputy Commissioner or the Sub-divisional Officer for information or orders together with
his remarks.
These diaries should be very carefully examined by the Sub-Deputy
Collector, as they are the only means by which he can acquaint himself
with the state of work in lots not recently visited by him. When he finds that
76

the work of any lot is seriously in arrears, he should depute another recorder to assist, reporting his action to the Deputy Commissioner or the
Sub-divisional Officer. If the arrears are due to the fault of the lot recorder,
the latter will be fined and the recorder on deputation may be recommended reward, if found deserving. The amount of the fine and reward
proposed by the Sub Deputy Collector must be submitted for sanction to
the Deputy Commissioner or the Subdivisional Officer.
Transfer of
instrument.

Inspection of
Mauza
Account and
Miscellaneous
enquires.

Annual
return.

220. The Sub-Deputy Collector will control the Supervisor Kanungos

in their duty of maintaining supplies of instruments. On receipt of the
Supervisor Kanungos abstract ledger account under rule 176, with list of
unserviceable instruments to be replaced and new instruments to be provided; he will examine the instruments and if they are found unserviceable,
sanction their removal from the account. Instruments which can be repaired should be returned to the Registrar Kanungo. The Sub-Deputy
Collector is expected to examine a recorders instruments once a year
when he visits the lot and when an instrument has been rendered unserviceable by lack of care in use, he may require the recorder to pay up the
cost of a new one. He will forward the sanctioned requirements for new
instruments to the Registrar Kanungo. Should he transfer any instruments
from one Supervisor Kanungos sub - circle to another, he should at once
report the fact to the Registrar Kanungo for record in his instrument registers.
221. The Sub-Deputy Collector will make any enquiry relating to
revenue matter which is made over to him by the Deputy Commissioner
or the Subdivisional Officer.
222. In the 1st week of October, the Sub-Deputy Collector in charge
of a Circle should submit to the Deputy Commissioner, with a copy to the
Subdivisional Officer, a brief note showing for the twelve months ending
30th September,
(1) the total number of days in charge with the number of days
spent on tour, with details as to how many were spent in each
mauza or Pargana and how many nights halted elsewhere than
at head quarters ;
(2) the number of recorders and villages in his circle ;
(3) the number of recorders whose work he has inspected and the
villages visited ;
(4) the number and length of check lines run with the number or
Katans and offsets. Independent checklines and lines run over
other officers work should be shown separately ;
(5) the number and character of errors found, the number of lines
in which they were found and the number of cases in which the
recorders were ordered to resurvey ;
77

(6) the number of Chitha entries tested and the number that they
were found incorrect;
(7) the number of survey marks inspected;
(8) the number of villages the Jamabandi of which were read out
in the village;
(9) the number of mutation and partition cases effected-on the spot;
(10) the number of mutation cases done in office;
(11) particulars of any new survey carried out in unsurveyed areas,
showing in acres the total unsurveyed areas in the circle, the
area surveyed and mapped, the area passed and the amount
of rewards paid during the year;
(12) the area in acres of concealed cultivation discovered, if any;
(13) the character of each Kanungos work during the season;
(14) the names of specially good recorders and the nature of their
work;
(15) the names of incompetent or otherwise useless recorders and
the nature of their work;
(16) the number of resident and non-resident recorders, the number
of recorders exempted by special orders from becoming resident up-to-date, the number who have become resident or were
exempted during the year;
With this note should be sent a rough trace map on the scale of 1/
/
= 4 miles, showing the places at which the Sub-Deputy Collector halted
when on tours during the preceding year. The Deputy Commissioner will
forward this note and map to the Director of Land Records, stating his
opinion as to the character and efficiency of the work done.
Circle
Registers

223. The Circle Sub-Deputy Collector will keep the following registers and files :
(1) Register of application for mutation.
(2) Register of application for waste lands under Section I of the
Settlement Rules framed under the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation.
(3) Register of miscellaneous petitions.
(4) Diary Register.
(5) Cash Book.
(6) Files relating to correspondence.
(7) Orders and instruction files.
78

(8) Inspection Book.

(9) Counterfoil receipt books.
(10) Acquittance Roll.
(11) Dak Book.
(12) Court fee Register.
(13) Register of relinquishment petition.
(14) Conversion Register.
(15) Encroachment case register.
(16) Stock and furniture register.
(17) Stationery articles register.
(18) Forms register.
(19) Sub-Deputy Collectors daily Diary book. This Dairy book will
contain all the particulars of work attended by him.
(20) Attendance register of office staff.
(21) Attendance register of field staff during the recess.
(22) Weekly attendance register of field staff, i.e., recorders and
Supervisor Kanungos.
(23) Log books for each lot and each Sub-Circle. The log books
may be maintained for all the Supervisor Kanungos and recorders of the
Circle in one big manuscript book allotting a number of
pages for each Supervisor Kanungo and recorder showing an index of
pages so allotted on a fly page of the book.

PART IV INSPECTIONS
224. The Deputy Commissioner and the Sub-divisional Officer will
make frequent inspections of the work of each Circle Officer in the district
or subdivision. Copies of all memos recorded by the Deputy Commissioner or Subdivisional Officer in the course of such inspection will be
forwarded to the Commissioner, and the Commissioner will forward to the
Director of Lands Records extracts from them of such portions as related
to the work of maintaining the land records. The main branches of this
work are summarised in rule 222 above. The inspection memos themselves will be recorded in an inspection book to be kept in the Circle
Office and will be open to the perusal of all inspecting officers. They will
show the steps which have been taken to remedy the defects which have
been discovered. A list of the principal points required in a land records
inspection will be found in Appendix A.
79

Deputy
Commissioner and
Subdivisional
Officer.

Director of
Land
Records
and his
Assistant.

225. The Director of Land Records will inspect the work of maintaining the land records through-out the State. The Director is responsible for seeing that the work is carried out in accordance with the rules
as laid down in this manual and that the staff is in a state of efficiency.
The Director of Land Records will record inspection memos and will
forward copy of each memo to the Secretary, Revenue Department, Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner and Subdivisional Officer in case of a
subdivision. When the Director of Land Records has recorded in an
inspection memo that there has been a failure on the part of the staff to
understand or carry out the rules, the Deputy Commissioner or the
Subdivisional Officer in the case of a subdivision will take prompt action
to remedy the defects on the lines indicated by the Director of Land
Records.
The work of land records will also be inspected by an Officer
specially appointed under the designation of Assistant to the Director of
Land Records. He will be directly responsible to the Director of Land
Records for his work. The main function of this Officer will be to see that
the land records staff including Circle Officers are carrying on their duties
in accordance with the provisions of the Assam Land Records Manual
and maintaining the records up-to-date. In addition to this, the Officer will
also inspect the office of the Registrar Kanungo at least once in every
two years. He will record inspection memos and forward copies of the
same to the Director of Land Records, Deputy Commissioner or the
Subdivisional Officer, Sub-Deputy Collector and other Officers as may
be required. The Deputy Commissioner or the Subdivisional Officer will
forward copies of those memos to the Commissioner and the Director
of Land Records noting thereon what action has been taken to remedy
the defects which have been discovered.
The Deputy Commissioner or the Subdivisional Officer will see
that the copies of inspection notes are returned to the Director of Land
Records within one month of the date of the inspection with note on the
margin showing the action taken thereon.

80

APPENDIX A
List of the principal points required in a Land Records inspection.
( It should be understood that these points are intended to form only a general
guide to an Inspecting Officer who should rather make the Land Records Manual* the
basis of his inspection than rely upon this list and it will be his duty to ascertain and
enquire specially into such other points not included in this list as in each particular
locality seem to require investigation. Unless there are grounds for a detailed inspection, the Deputy Commissioners might ordinarily confine themselves to subjects in questions 9,10, 17 to 20 and also to matters of general discipline).

IN THE OFFICE
The inspection should ordinarily commence with the field chitha and the map, and
attention should be directed to ascertain the points noted below :1. Whether the Sub-Deputy Collectors visits to the village and any instructions
which he gives to the recorders are noted in a blank page in the chitha (rule 206).
2. Whether the faired chitha has been properly compared and certified ( rule
113).
3. Whether a list of the istafa dags (rule 80) and of the new fields ( rule 83) is
kept in a blank page
of the Chitha.
4. Whether particulars of the new fields are entered in the chitha (rule 83).
5. Whether inspection of crops during the recorders spring tour (rule 84) and
winter tour (rule 107) has been duly carried out and crop entries made in the chitha.
6. Whether the name of the unregistered dakhalkar has been entered and dated
and signed by the recorder (rules 58 and 82).
7. Whether the name in column 8 of the chitha has been transferred to column
7 after sanction of mutation (Rule 58).
8. Whether the Registrar Kanungo has dated and signed every mutation correction in the Chitha [rule 183 (ii)].
9. Whether there are long pending mutation entries in the chitha and, if so, what
action has been taken to dispose of them (rule 217).
10. Check some mutation corrections in the chitha and (if available) in the
Jamabandi Register (rules 72 and 100).
11. Check some page totals in the Chitha and compare the grand totals of the
different classes of land at the end of the chitha with the corresponding figures in the
settlement abstract (rule 96) and the abstract area register ( rule 112).
12. Examine the register of relinquished fields (rule 21), and the list of faut, ferar
and Jotrahin fields (rule 23) and see whether they have been sufficiently verified by the
81

recorder, the Supervisor Kanungo and the Sub-Deputy Collector (rule 21, 43, 80, 157,
158 and 208).
12 A. Examine the list of fields of which the assessment to be altered or on which
additional assessment is to be imposed on account of their conversion to non-agricultural use and see whether they have been verified by the Supervisor Kanungo and the
Sub-Deputy Collector (rules 23, 157 and 208).
13. Examine the Supervisor Kanungos registers and note whether they are properly kept up (rules 172-175).
14. Go through the recorders Register of Survey marks and see whether the
recorder (rule 33 ) or the Supervisor Kanungo (rule 159) has noted his visits against
each marks and whether the entries in the register are supported by entries in his diary.
15. Pay attention chiefly to the new or post resettlement ( or post - cadastral)
fields, which appear on the map. Such fields, when annual, should be in pencil and when
periodic in ink.
16. Check the area calculation and the land classification of the fields referred
to in the preceding paragraph and see whether they are correctly entered in the chitha.
(After a short experience you should be able to guess the approximate area of
a field by looking at its size on the map. Pick up the dag on the map and make the
recorder or the Supervisor Kanungo read out its area and class from the chitha. When
you have any doubt as to the accuracy of the area of the dag in question, make the
recorder or the Supervisor Kanungo find out the correct area by the talc square. The
correct classification of the field can be ascertained from the class book and the class
map which remain with the recorder).
17. See whether the istafa, faut, ferar ad jotrahin dags have been dealt with
according to rule 43 and whether the necessary corrections have been made in the
chitha and the Jamabandi (rules 58, 87 and 88).
18. The quality and the quantity of the recorders work depend mainly on the
supervision exercised by the Kanungo and the Sub-Deputy Collector. The inspecting
Officer should therefore endeavour to find out whether these officers realize their responsibilities and properly perform their duties, the most important of which are indicated in the next three paragraphs.
19. Note whether the Supervisor Kanungos check of field work by inspection
(rule 154) and of office work (rules 160-171) and the amount of check lines run by him
(rule 149) have been sufficient and whether record of the check lines run in maintained
in the recorders note book (rule 56) and the Supervisor Kanungos field book (rule
153).
20. Note whether the Sub-Deputy Collectors work as well as his check and
supervision of the recorders and the Supervisor Kanungos work, has been sufficient
(rules 201-210).

82

21. Go through the previous inspection notes recorded in the Supervisor Kanungos
inspection book and see whether due attention has been paid to the orders contained
therein and whether the mistakes and irregularities pointed out at previous inspections
have been rectified.

IN THE FIELD
22. Field work should be tested by : (a) Independent check lines.
(b) Check lines over the Supervisor Kanungos lines.
(c) By inspection as indicated in rule 154, particular attention being paid to the
entries which appear to have been already attested by the Supervisor Kanungo or the
Sub-Deputy Collector. Encroachments on the edges of unoccupied waste land maybe
ascertained by measurements from the boundaries of the cultivated fields by means of
a 20 link tar.
23. Check some istafa, faut, ferar and jotrahin dags on the ground, specially
those which are marked in the chitha or in the diary as already verified by the recorder
or the supervisor kanungo.
24. In inspecting sarkari dags and survey mark ascertain from his diary which
dag or mark had been inspected by the recorder or the Supervisor Kanungo, and verify
on the ground whether the alleged inspection has been really made.
25. To find out whether mutation work is kept up to date or not, read out, or make
some one read out, the names of all the pattadars of the village from the jamabandi, in
the presence of the Gaonbura or Panchayat and some villagers and ask them whether
the people are alive or have transferred any of the land included in their pattas.

GENERAL
26. The points to be attended to here are :(a) the neat or untidy condition of the maps and the registers generally ;
(b) whether the recorder is resident or not ;
(c) his fitness to continue in his work with reference to his age;
(d) recommendation with reference to the quality of his work;
(e) whether the recorders get their pay, travelling allowance and reward regularly.

83

APPENDIX B
1. STANDARDISED FORMS

Serial No.

(Schedules XXXVII - Assamese and XXXVIII - Bengali).

Description of forms

(1)
1.

(2)
Chitha for Surveyed Villages ( Revised)

2.

Chitha for Unsurveyed Villages

3.

Jamabandi for Surveyed Villages

4.

Jamabandi for Unsurveyed Villages

5.

Register of Relinquishments

6.

Faut, Ferar and Jotrahin List

7.

Register of Survey Marks

8.

Kanungos Annual Return of Survey Marks

9.

Area Abstract ( Revised)

10.

(a) Crop Abstract (Revised ) Part I

(b) Crop Abstract (Revised ) Part II

11.

Settlement Abstract

12.

Kanungos or Recorders Diary

13.

Kanungos Weekly Abstract Diary

14.

Recorders Weekly Abstract Diary

15.

Annual statement of mutations

16.

Area statement I

17.

Area Statement II

84

Remark
(3)

18.

Area Statement III

19.

Periodic Khiraj Patta (Settlement Officers)

19 A. Periodic Khiraj Patta (Deputy Commissioners)

19 B. Kabuliyat
19C. Periodic Khiraj Patta ( Jaintia Parganas) [Settlement Officer] ( Obsolete).
19 D. Periodic Khiraj Patta (Jainita Parganas) [Deputy Commissioner] (Obsolete).
20.

Annual Khiraj Patta

20A. Annual Khiraj Patta (Lakhimpur) [Deputy Commissioner] (Obsolete).

21.

Nisf-Khiraj Patta

22.

Periodic lease for town lands

23.

Short lease for town lands

24.

Register of demarcation advances (Obsolete)

25.

(Cancelled)

26.

Application to resign land

27.

Register or Trigonometrical Pillars

28.

Recorders acquittance roll

29.

Abstract Diary of Sub-Deputy Collectors

30.

Irrigation Abstract

85

86

Year

Relinquished retaken

New at supplementary
settlement.
4

Total
5

Special
8

Total

FORM C. Register of cropped area. [Same as Standardised Form No. 10 for recorders]

FORM B. Register of cultivated area. [Same as Standardised Form No.9 for recorders].

New at regular settlement

Total Khiraj of regular

settlement.

Annual

Khiraj newly added

during the year

Periodic

Add. Khiraj of supplement settlement

10

Grand total Khiraj

11

Name of mouza or pargana

12

Nisf-khiraj

Name of Village

13

Lakhiraj

FORM A. Kanungos Register of Assessed Area

14

Grants

II-FORMS NOT STANDARDISED

15

Special tenures

APPENDIX B

16

Total settled area

87

Name of recorder (c)

Chains

Pins

Tapes

Plane-table with stand

Compasses

Optical squares

10

Cross

11

Cellulose squares

12

Cardboard scales

13

14

Offest slips

Name of mauza or pargana (a)

FORM D. Instrument Ledger Account

Hard pencils

15

Rubbers

16

Colour saucers

17

18

Carmines cakes

NOTE . (a) Kunungos sub-circle in the case of the account maintained by the Registrar Kanungo.
(b) Will be omitted in the registrar kanungos account.
(c) Name of supervisor kanungo in the registrar kanungos account.
A few pages will be allotted to each recorders lot by the supervisor kanungo and to each supervisor kanungo by the registrar kanungo.

Number of Recorders lot (b)

Sight-vanes

APPENDIX B Contd.

Brushes

19

20

Signature of recorde and remarks

88

In which map or Chitha tested

Total
5

Whose maps tested

6

Whose chitha tested

7

Number
8

Total length

Part lines

10

Surveyed Villages

11

12

In columns 12 and 15, the number of entries tested in the field and in office should be shown separetely.

Total

Unsurveyed

In which chitha tested

Surveyed

Area taken up during regular

and supplementary settlement

Number of recorders

Length of partal per square

mile of area in column 10.

Number of Villages

Total number of entries

tested

FORM F. Kanungos Annual Work Return for the year

Number of entries found

Chitha testing

13

Correct

APPENDIX B contd

14

Incorrect

89

15

17

In surveyed villages
18

19

Number survey marks inspected

20

21

Number of petitions or cases of which

enquiries have been disposed of.

(a) of which night spent

at Headquarter.
(b) of which night spent
away from Headquarters.

22

In columns 12 and 15, the number of entries tested in the field and in office should be shown separetely.

16

Total Number of entries

tested.

Number of entries found

Chitha testing

Correct

Area of concealed cultivation

discovered

In unsurveyed villages

Unsurvey Villages

Incorrect

APPENDIX B

Number of days spent on

tour.

FORM F. Kanungos Annual Work Return for the year

23

Number of Sarkhri dags inspected including

reserves dags.

1
2
Number sold

Number of issued free

4
5
6
7

90
8
9

Remarks

Signature of recipient

Balance after each days

issues

Date of issue

Number of copies received

or in stock on 1st October

Sheet Number (when

there are more sheets
than one in a village).

Name of village

Printed number of village

APPENDIX B contd.

FORM G. Map Issue Register

MAUZA

PARGANNA

10

2
3
Supervisor Kanungo

Sub-Deputy Collector

Orders

Area to be excluded
as faut ferar

Annual

Date of qualifying in
Survey

5
6

91

5
6
7
8
9
10

Area to be excluded
as faut ferar

Remarks

Deputy Commissioners
initials.

Note of any practical survey

work effected.

Character of qualifications

Date of entry on Register.

Periodic

Annual

2
Date of birth

Residence

Name and fathers name of

candidate

Caste (Scheduled Tribe,

Scheduled Castes and other)

Periodic

Name of village

1
Name of recorder and lot

Name of mauza or
pargana

APPENDIX B contd.

FORM I. Register of certificated candidates for the post of Recorder

8
9
10

FORM J. Abstract of exclusions to be made as faut ferar or

jotrahin in the regular settlement of the year

2
3
4
5

92

6
7

Deputy Commissioners
orders.

Sub-Deputy Collectors note

and recommendation regarding
assessment

Nature of non-agricultural
use in detail.

Year in which non-agricultural

use was discovered.

Number of dag

1
Number of patta and
description of tenure

FORM K.

Name of village

Name of mauza

APPENDIX B contd.

List of fields liable to altered or additional assessment under the rules framed
under the Assam Land Revenue Reassessment Act.

93
Classification of land

Dag No.

1
3

Area

Type of patta and No.

Revenue

6
7
8

District____________

REVISED CHITHA FORM

Village / town _____________ mauza____________circle__________

Land Revenue

Local Rate

Name, Fathers name and

address of pattadars

Name, Fathers name and

address of actual occupant
(Dakhalkar) whose name
has not been mutated.

Name, Fathers name and

address of Tenant/Adhiar.

10

Type of tenancy/Khatian
No. and rate of rent etc.

11

Name, Fathers name

and address of sub-tenants.

13

12

Uncropped
Area

Nature of land use

14
15
16

Cropped Area

Source of irrigation

1st year

Area.

94
Name of the crop
Area

17

Area sown more than

once.

18
19

Uncropped
Area

20
21
22

Cropped Area

2nd year

23

District ___________

24
25

Uncropped
Area

3rd year

26

circle ____________

REVISED CHITHA FORM

Village/town_____________ mauza

Nature of land use

Area
Source of irrigation
Name of the crop
Area
Area sown more than
once.
Nature of land use

Area
Source of irrigation

27
28

Cropped Area

Name of the crop

Area

29

Area sown more than

once.

30

Name and number of

fruit trees

31

Remarks

REV I SED A REA A B ST RA CT FORM

95

Forest

Page No.

96
1
3

Barren and unculturable land

Land put to non-agricultural

uses.

Permanged pasture and

other grazing land.

6
7

Settled land

8
9
10
11
12

District ___________

Year_________

13
14

REVISED AREA ABSTRACT FORM

15
16

Village__________________ mauza ____________ circle ____________

Land under miscellancovs

tree crops and groves not
shown in area sown.
Culturable waste
Current fallow
Other fallow
Net area sown
Area sown more than once
Total area sown
Total settled land i.e. Total
of columns 2 to 10.
Forest
Barren and unculturable waste
Land out to non-agricultural
uses.

17
18

Unsettled land

Permanent pastures and

other grazing lands.
Land under miscllaneous tree
crops and groves not shown in
area sown

19

Culturable waste

20

Current fallow

21

Other fallow

97
Area sown more than once

23

Net area sown

22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

District ___________

Year_________

33
34
35
36

Total settled and unsettledland

REVISED AREA ABSTRACT FORM

Village/town_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Total unsettled land

Unsettled land

Total area sown

Reserve sarkari
Ordinary Sarkari
Total i.e.
Total of columns 14 to 22 or
Total of columns 25 and 26.
Forest Columns 2-14
Barren and unculturable land
Columns 3-15
Land put to non-agricultural
uses. Columns 4-16
Permanent pastures and other
grazing lands. Columns 5 to 17.
Land under miscellaneous crops
and groves not shown
inareasown Column 6 to 18.
Culturabel waste. Columns
7 to 19.
Current fallow Columns 8-20
Other fallow Columns 9-21
Net area sown. Columns 10-22

37

Area sown more than once.

Columns 11-23

38

Total area sown. Columns 12-24.

39

Total Geographical 1 area columns 13-27

40

Remarks

Irrigated

Page No.

98
1

Ahu (Autumn Rice)

3

Unirrigated

Irrigated
Maize.

Unirrigated

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

District ___________

13
14
15

Village_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Mango

16

REVISED CROP ABSTRACT PART-I (SPRING TOUR) FORM-Contd.

Irrigated.
Pine apple
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Citrus fruits (Orange, Lemon).
Unirrigated

Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Jack fruit
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Coconuts.
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Arecanuts.

17

Unirrigated

18

Irrigated
Cashewnuts.

19

Unirrigated

20

Irrigated
Betel leaf.

21

Unirrigated

Unirrigated

23

Irrigated

99
22

.........

24

Irrigated
Sweet Potato

25

Unirrigated

26

Irrigated.

27

Unirrigated

Vegetables.

28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

District ___________

37
38
39
40

Village_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Chillies.

Castor seed (Endi-muga).

Jute.

Mista Mustard

Name.
41

REVISED CROP ABSTRACT PART-I (SPRING TOUR) FORM-Contd.

Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Fodder crop.
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Name.
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated

42

Irrigated
Name.

43

Unirrigated

44

Irrigated
Name.

45

Unirrigated

46 47

Irrigated
Unirrigated

Total area sown (for

spring tour).

48

Remarks

Irrigated

Page No.

100
1

Sali (Winter Rice).

Unirrigated

Irrigated

Bao (Winter Rice)

Unirrigated
Boro (Summer Rice)

6
7
8
9
10
11
12

District ___________

13
14
15

Village_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Wheat.

16

REVISED CROP ABSTRACT. PART-II (WINTER TOUR) FORM-Contd.

Irrigated.

Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Chheene.
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Other cereals.
Irrigated

Unirrigated
Arhor.
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Grane Grain(Gran)
Irrigated

17

Unirrigated
Khesari.

18

Irrigated

19

Unirrigated

Unirrigated

21

Irrigated

101
20

Moong

22

Irrigated
Matikalai

23

Unirrigated

24

Irrigated.
Masur.

25
26
27
28
29
30
31

District ___________

32
33
34

Village_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Peas.

Onion
35

REVISED CROP ABSTRACT. PART-II (WINTER TOUR) FORM-Contd.

Unirrigated

Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Other pulses
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Sugarcane
Unirrigated

Irrigated
Potato
Unirrigated

Irrigated
Unirrigated

36

Irrigated
Other vegetables.

37

Unirrigated

38

Irrigated
Chillies.

39

Unirrigated

Unirrigated

41

Irrigated

102
40

Ginger

42

Irrigated

43

Turmeric.
Unirrigated

44

Irrigated.
Other condiments and spices

45
46
47
48
49
50
51

District ___________

52
53
54
55

Village_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Tea.

Til (sesame) (Seasome)

Cotton

REVISED CROP ABSTRACT. PART-II (WINTER TOUR) FORM-Contd.

Unirrigated

Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Rape and mustard.
Unirrigated

Irrigated
Lianseed.
Unirrigated

Irrigated
Unirrigated

56

Irrigated
Tobacco.

57

Unirrigated

58

Irrigated
Miscellaneous Food crops..

59

Unirrigated

Unirrigated

61

Irrigated

103
60

Miscellaneous Non-Food
crops.

62

Irrigated

63

Unirrigated

Name ....................
(
)

64

Irrigated.

65

Unirrigated

Name ....................
(
)

66
67
68
69
70
71

District ___________

72
73
74

Village_____________ Mauza ____________ Circle ____________

Name ....................
(
)

Total area sown (for Winter

tour).

Total area sown (for both

spring and winter tours)

REVISED CROP ABSTRACT. PART-II (WINTER TOUR) FORM.

Irrigated

Name ....................
(
)

Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated
Irrigated
Unirrigated

Irrigated
Unirrigated

Total

75

Area sown more than once.

76

Net Area sown. Col. (76) Col. (77)

77

Remarks.

104

Government

Private

Canals

Year _________________

Due on ____________

Total

Tanks

Tube wells

Other wells

Wells

Other Sources

Area Irrigated from

Net area
Irrigated.

Gross Area
irrigated.

Details of area irrigated from differnt sources in the village of _____________________

Assam Schedule_____________

IRRIGATION ABSTRACT FORM.

10

Area irrigated
more than
once

EXTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE

GOVERNMENT OF ASSAM IN THE
REVENUE (SETTLEMENT)
DEPARTMENT
The 25th September 1958
Resolution on Settlement of Agricultural Lands
No. RSS. 205/58.- The land settlement policy in respect of agricultural lands in
Assam had to be adopted according to the conditions prevailing from time to time. The
permanent Settlement was introduced in most of the areas in Goalpara District and
Karimganj Subdivison of Cachar District. The Sidli and Bijni Duars Estates in Goalpara
had a peculiar status of their own and were called Acknowledged Estates. In the other
Plains Districts which are known as Temporarily - Settled Districts there are Lakheraj
lands paying no revenue at all; Nisf-kheraj lands paying half the revenue and Kheraj
lands paying full revenue. Of the Kheraj lands, there are periodic patta lands with heritable and transferable rights, and annual patta lands without heritable and transferable
rights. Besides, the Hills Districts have their own system of land management.
During the last Century vast tracts were lying waste in jungles. In order to
encourage tea cultivation, Fee Simple Grants were made with tea planters by the
Government. Besides tea, special lease of land were issued for special cultivation. In
these circumstances, varieties of system in land settlement were evolved.
2. With the growth of population and the progress of land reclamation, the circumstances changed from time to time and the policy regarding settlement had to be modified
to suit the condition prevailing at particular times. From the beginning of the present
Century immigrants from East Bengal began to come in search of lands. From 1920
they began to pour in large numbers and encroach into the areas inhabited by the Plains
Tribal people and clashes ensued. In order to protect the tribals from being outsted from
their Villages and also to prevent clashes between the immigrants and the local people
Line System, with Colonisation Scheme was introduced. The Congress Coalition Ministry
by their Regulation of 5th November 1939, declared that all persons whether immigrants
or non-immigrants should be evicted from the Professional Grazing Reserves and Village Grazing Reserves. The resolution also proposed to constitute Prohibited Areas
to give protection to Tribal, Scheduled Castes and other Backward Classes of people.
After the resignation of the Coalition Ministry, the Saadulla Ministry which
succeeded it did not accept the Coalition Ministrys Resolution and initiated the Development Schemes by resolution of 21st June 1940. Those Schemes attracted considerable criticisms and opposition which found expression in the session of the Assembly
during which the life of the Ministry came to an end. Pending formation of a new Ministry,
the Governor abandoned the Development Schemes and reverted to the Colonisation
Scheme. The following classes of immigrants were to get preference in settlement
within the Colonisation Areas.
105

(1) Those settlement-holders whose lands were eroded.

(2) Those who purchased annual lands in closed villages.
(3) Those who were for some years continuously in unauthorised occupation in
Reserves. If possible they should get settlement in the Reserve by deservation or get
settlement in the Colonisation Areas. Premium was charged in the Colonisation Area at
Rs. 5 per bigha.
Since then three more Resolutions were passed, viz., the Resolution of 24th
August 1943, the Resolution of 15th January 1945 and the Resolution of 13th July 1945.
The latest Resolution, i.e., the Resolution of 13th July 1945, lays down the principles
broadly as follows.
(a) Planned Settlement, i.e., settlement to those from outside the village after
keeping 30 per cent of the cultivable waste lands in the undeveloped villages, i.e.,
villages with more than 200 bighas of waste lands. Settlement was not to exceed 20
bighas per family of 5 members or less, and 30 bighas in the case of a larger family.
(b) Muslim immigrants from East Bengal who came before 1st January 1938
were to be treated as equally entitled to get settlement as the landless indigenous
persons.
(c) The Tribal classes were to be protected by constitution of Tribal Belts and
Blocks in areas predominantly occupied by them.
(d) The grazing and other Reserves were to be maintained.
To give effect to the clause as at (c), a Chapter viz., Chapter X of the Assam
Land and Revenue Regulation has been added and Tribal Belts and Blocks have been
constituted covering an area of 5715.4 sq.miles with villages where percentage of tribal
population is more than 50. A Belt is constituted where the areas with tribal majority are
continuous and stretch out for a long distance. If the continuity is broken by intervention
of non-tribal areas, then Blocks are formed.
After the partition of India when East Bengal was included in Pakistan, the policy
as stated in (b) was modified by the Resolution of 20th February 1950 by stating that
the Muslim from East Pakistan who had not acquired the right of Indian Citizenship in
the Indian Union would not be entitled to get settlement of waste lands.
3. Since the above Resolutions were passed, there have been substantial change
in the circumstances and conditions of the State. The population has increased by
natural growth as well as by influx of a large number of displaced persons mostly from
East Bengal numbering about 5,00,000. The great earthquake of 1950 has seriously
changed the topography in the eastern part of the State, particularly in the District of
Lakhimpur and Sibsagar. Large tracts of land have been rendered unfit for cultivation,
and large areas have been eroded by the high floods following the Great Earthquake.
The result has been that a considerable number of persons including the displaced
persons started moving into the forest and grazing reserves and began cultivating the
106

lands. This was followed by clashes between the encroachers and the graziers in the
Professional Grazing Reserves and between the encroachers and the villagers in the
Village Grazing Grounds.
The Constitution has also given autonomy to the Hills Districts where the administration of land within the Autonomous Districts has vested in the District Councils,
except the existing Forest Reserves. The State Government however has no hand in the
administration of the land.
4. The total area of Assam after deducting the areas covered by North-East
Frontier Agency and the Autonomous Hills Districts, is only 23,000 sq. miles. Out of this,
approximately 5,000 sq. miles are covered by rivers, hills, marshy lands and sandy
tracts, and areas unfit for cultivation. The total population according to 1951 census
excluding North-East Frontier Agency and Autonomous Districts was 7,805,558 of whom
about 15 per cent are without any land and about 52 per cent have holdings of less than
10 bighas.
The areas covered by different Reserves are :
Forest Reserves in the Plains Districts 5,000 sq. miles (approximately) including the Zamidary Forests.
Professional Grazing Reserves and Village Grazing Grounds 865 sq. miles.
Total 5,865 sq. miles.
According to the International Standard, at least 25 per cent of the area should
be under Reserved Forest; but in view of threat of invasion by desert, Government of
India have now advised to raise this percentage to 33. If we confine ourselves to the
Plains Districts alone, the area of the Reserved Forests comes to 21.5 per cent only;
but with the Autonomous Districts, the percentage of Reserved Forest comes to 12
(approximately) only. If the professional Grazing Reserves and Village Grazing Grounds
be all thrown open, even then the area will not be sufficient to provide lands to all the
indigenous landless people besides the 5,00,000 displaced persons from East Pakistan who are also landless. But in order to meet the pressing need of the earthquake
and flood affected people, Government had to dereserve 16,754 acres from the Forests
and 1,00, 170 acres from Professional Grazing Reserves and Village Grazing Grounds.
Besides, 46,365 acres of surplus tea lands were requisitioned from the Tea Gardens.
5. In the changed circumstances after Independence, it has been recognised all
over India that land reforms and agrarian re-organisation are essential for the development of the country. The Planning Commission have laid down the broad principles on
land reforms and agrarian re-organisation in two groups.
(i) The abolition of Zamindars and Intermediaries
This is recommended with a view to securing fixity of tenure and transfer of
ownership to actual tillers.
(ii) Agrarian re-organisation
The main aspect of the Agrarian Re-organisation are :
107

(a) Consolidation of holdings;

(b) Land Management Practices;
(c) Development of Co-operative Farming;
(d) Development of Co-operative Village Management.
This Government have accepted the above principles as laid down by the Planning Commission; and in order to Implement the above, following legislations have been
enacted since 1948:
(i)

The Assam Adhiars Protection and Regulation Act, 1948 Act XII of
1948 as subsequently amended.

(ii)

The Assam State Acquisition of Zamindaries Act, 1951 Act XVIII of

1951 as subsequently amended.

(iii) The Assam (Temporarily- Settled Districts) Tenancy Act, 1935, as amended
by the Act I of 1943 and Act XXVII of 1953.
iv)

The Assam Fixation of Ceilings on Land Holdings Act, 1956-Act I of 1957

as amended by Act XVII of 1957.

In addition to the above a Bill for consolidation of land holdings and another Bill
for acquisition of lands not covered by the Ceilings Act are under preparation.
6. Having considered the present conditions prevailing in Assam and the principles laid down by the Planning Commission, Government are pleased to lay down the
land policy as stated below.
(i)

The implementation of the Acts already in existence in respect of land

reforms and agrarian reforms shall be taken up immediately; and stepsshall
be taken to pass legislations in respect of other reform measures.

(ii)

The annual patta lands confer no right of transfers, or of inheritance beyond the year of issue, or of subletting. Consequently, there is no security
of tenure. And the lands being non-transferable, the owners cannot procure
any loan against the securities of these annual lands. The patta are generally renewed annually on the basis of actual possession. This gives a
scope for unauthorised occupation. The pattas, being liable to cancellation
on service of non-renewal notice, there is no security of tenure.
Annual land can be converted into periodic on fulfilling the following conditions

(a)

That the land has been demarcated and actually surveyed and is situated
in a village which is traversed and surveyed and mapped and classed.

(b)

The land has been actually cultivated with some permanent crops, such
as sali paddy.

(c)

A premium at the rate of Rs. 5 per bigha is paid.

108

Orders have already been issued to convert all annual lands into periodic
as expeditiously as possible wherever these conditions are fulfilled. Government have decided that the premium may be paid in 5 equal annual
instalments. The land shall be converted into periodic on payment of the
first instalment. The balance shall be realisable as arrears of land revenue
and as a first charge on the land so converted. The Ceiling Act provides
for a maximum of 150 bighas for each joint family. It is proposed to convert
only so much of annual land as would not exceed a total of 150 bighas. To
expedite conversion the applicant for conversion shall submit a declaration about the total area of land owned by him and the Sub-Deputy Collector may act on such declaration without further enquiry. Pending conversion to periodic lands, no annual patta land shall be cancelled without
previous approval of Government. Government decide to waive their right
to cancel an annual lease, and to renew it automatically in those cases in
which the land is pledged on mortgage to Government or to a State sponsored Co-operative. Society against loan advanced for the purpose of
removing rural indebtedness or establishment of Cottage Industries or
providing loans to low income groups and other such beneficial purposes
to the people. In all such cases, the lease shall be renewable from year to
year during the subsistence of the security and for a period of five years
there after in favour of the settlement-holder, his heir and legal representative and assignee by operation of law.
(iii)

The area of Forest Reserves, being short of the International Standard, it

will be harmful for the best interest of the State and its people to reduce
the total area of Forest Reserves any further. Deforestation is likely to
affect rainfall and climate causing drought, flood and soil erosion which will
have harmful effect on agriculture and consequent production of food.

(iv)

In the case of Professional Grazing Reserves, even the existing area is

not considered to be sufficient for the maintenance of the total number of
buffaloes and cattle kept by the Professional Graziers. It will take time to
create the habit of stall feeding of buffaloes and cattle by the Graziers. The
existing area therefore shall not be reduced except in exceptional circumstances.

(v)

In the matter of Village Grazing Grounds, it is proposed to take up scientific fodder cultivation through Government Departments, Village Panchayats
or other suitable Organisations of people in suitable areas of these Grazing Reserves. After implementing this proposal, it may be considered if
any surplus area be available for dereservation and settlement for cultivation or for any public purpose.

(vi)

It has appeared to Government that there has been a tendency for

organised encroachment into the Forest and Grazing Reserves. Such encroachment shall be dealt with firmly, and the local Officers shall keep
themselves sufficiently alert and evict the encroachers before they get
themselves established or raise any crops.
109

(vii)

The total available surplus cultivable lands being insufficient to meet the
demand of the agriculturists individually, the future settlement for agricultural purpose shall be made as far as possible with Co-operatives of
Farmers. When settlement to individuals have to be given, the area should
ordinarily be limited to 8 bighas to 12 bighas according to the fertility of
the soil. In giving settlement to individuals, preference shall be given in the
following order

(a)

The Settlement-holders who have been rendered landless due to flood,

river erosion or earthquake and whose lands were requisitioned or
acquisitioned by Government for public purposes.

(b)

The landless cultivators and displaced persons.

(c)

Settlement holders who have been rendered landless by river erosion and
who occupy Reserves with the permission of the Deputy Commissioners.
Such occupants shall not be removed until alternative land can be provided.
Steps shall be taken to reclaim whatever area be available by means of
irrigation drainage or by embankment or by any other means.
Settlement of lands are now being made by the local officers on the
advice of the Land Settlement Advisory Committees. It has been found
that on account of undue delay in coming to decisions by such Committees sometimes available cultivable lands remain unallotted for a long
time. This causes hardship to the landless and adversely affects food
production. In such cases, Government may reconstitute such Committees
for expediting allotments.

(viii)

In the matter of food production, steps shall be taken to organise the

cultivators field wise by formation of Farmers Co-operatives. When this is
not possible immediately, the Field Management Committees shall be
formed in collaboration with Panchayats, and those Committee shall be
assisted by agricultural and Co-operative experts. At the State level there
shall be one State Land Advisory Board to guide and render necessary
assistance to the Field Management Committees.

(ix)

Gramdan Movement is gaining ground and there are more than 70 gramdan
villages at present. It is the policy of the Government to help Gramdan
Movement and render possible assistance.

(x)

Surplus waste lands of Tea Gardens which can be requistioned without

affecting the Industry may be requisitioned for distribution in order of preference as stated in sub-paragraph (vii) of paragraph 6.
K.C.BARUA
Secy. to the Govt. of Assam, Revenue Department.
110

APPENDIX D
GOVERNMENT OF ASSAM
REVENUE (SETTLEMENT) DEPARTMENT
SETTLEMENT BRANCH
No. RSS. 329/53, dated Shillong, the 6th March 1959.
From Shri K.C. Barua, I.A.S., Secretary to the Government of Assam
To All the Deputy Commissioners, Subdivisional Officers and Settlement Officers of the Plains Districts and Revenue and Settlement Officers, Goalpara and Karimganj.
SUBJECT Instruction on the Government Resolution No. RSS. 205/58, dated
25th September, 1958 on Settlement of Agricultural land.
Sir,
In inviting a reference to para 6 of the Government Resolution of the 25th September, 1958 on Settlement of Agricultural land, I am directed to say that Government
desire quick implementation of the policy as laid down therein. For systematic and
uniform implementation of the Policy with regard to conversion of annual land into periodic, non-renewal of annual patta, maintenance of Reserves, Settlement of waste land,
etc., detailed instructions are given below for the guidance of the local officers.
I. Conversion of Annual Patta Land into Periodic.
1. Every Circle Sub-Deputy Collector/ Assistant Settlement Officer shall maintain
a separate register of petitions for conversion of annual leases into periodic, and shall
take up separate proceedings in respect of each petition.
2. Immediately on receipt of a petition for conversion of annual lease into periodic, the Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer shall verify it and satisfy
himself that the petition contains the following informations :
(i) Name of the Settlement holder, his fathers name and address.
(ii) Detailed description of the land applied for conversion and the crops raised
during the previous year or whether the land is utilised as a homestead.
(iii) Total annual and periodic patta land including the area applied for conversion, held by the settlement holder and by the other member of his family (family include
joint family). A declaration by the petitioner that he does not hold more than 150 bighas
in all shall be taken as sufficient without further enquiry.
3. If the area land applied for conversion is within the competence of the SubDeputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer to convert into periodic and is located in
a surveyed village, and the Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer is satisfied from the reformations mentioned in para 2 above that the condition required by
Rules 105 or 209 B of the Assam Land Records Manual is fulfilled, he shall direct the
111

applicant to pay the premium due in respect of so much of the land as can be converted
into periodic under-para 6 (ii) of the Government Resolution. In cases of untraversed
areas if the Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer is satisfied as to the
fitness for conversion under rule 209 B, he shall record reasons for the same. The
specially deputed Assistant shall receive the premium and shall issue a receipt to the
person who pays it.
4. If the applicant pays at least one-fifth of the total premium due from him the
Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer shall allow conversion of the annual
lease into periodic and shall direct the applicant to pay the balance in 4 annual
instalments, commencing from the 1st April of the following year. A copy of the order
shall be submitted to the Deputy Commissioner or Subdivisional Officer as the case
may be , for record.
5. Where the area to be converted exceeds 30 bighas the Sub-Deputy Collector/
Assistant Settlement Officer shall calculate the premium payable by the applicant and
submit his records to the Deputy Commissioner, Subdivisional Officer or Settlement
Officer as the case may be, with the request to return the records by a fixed date. The
latter shall pass necessary order and return the records to the Sub-Deputy Collector.
6. On the date so fixed the Sub-Deputy Collector shall communicate the order of
the Deputy Commissioner, Sub-divisional Officer/Settlement Officer to the applicant and
in case where conversion has been allowed the Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer shall take action as directed in para 4 above.
7. The amount of premium collected during a week shall be credited into the
nearest treasury of the District or State Bank, on Monday following the collection.
8. The Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer shall maintain clear
accounts of all premia collected in his office, in the prescribed manner, and shall be
personally responsible for all cash and accounts.
9. The Assistant especially deputed in this behalf shall furnish a cash security of
Rs. 1,000.
10. Deputy Commissioner/Settlement Officer/ Subdivisional Officer shall submit
to the Government quarterly reports on the progress of conversion of annual pattas into
periodic in the proforma annexed herewith.
II. Non-renewal of annual lease
11. Normally, annual lease once issued should be renewed from year to year.
Wherever such renewal is considered undesirable for violation of any of the conditions
in the lease or otherwise, the Deputy Commissioner or any other officer duly authorised
in this behalf, should call upon the settlement holder and the actual occupants to show
cause, by a fixed date why the lease should not be cancelled. The grounds on which the
cancellation is proposed should by clearly set forth in the notice. A hearing should be
given to parties concerned and a summary of evidences, if adduced, should be recorded. If after consideration of the evidences and the causes shown by the parties, the
Deputy Commissioner or any other competent officer finds no reason for cancellation of
112

the lease, he shall pass necessary orders. But it in his opinion there appear some
reasons for cancellation of the lease, he should submit his proceedings, along with his
reports to the Government for consideration. No patta should be cancelled without prior
approval of the Government.
In case of lands required for any public purpose the show cause notice may be
dispensed with and the non renewal notice maybe straightway issued at least 3 months
before the date of expiry of the lease. But actual cancellation of the patta shall not be
effected before Government orders are obtained.
III. Forest Reserves and Village and Professional Grazing Reserves
12. The lot mandal must invariably, inspect each Village and Grazing Reserves
and Professional Grazing Reserves within his charge, once in every two months. And
encroachment detected in any of these reserves should be forth with reported to the
Circle Sub-Deputy Collector/Assistant Settlement Officer. The Sub-Deputy Collector/
Assistant Settlement Officer should ensure that such reports reach the Deputy Commissioner / Sub-divisional officer within one week of the date of receipt. The Deputy Commissioner should take serious notice of any failure on the part of land records staff to
report encroachment within one month of the first unauthorised occupation of the reserves. Severe disciplinary action should be taken against the person or persons who
intentionally or negligently cause delay.
13. On receipt of the encroachment reports the Deputy Commissioner/
Subdivisional Officer should institute ejectment proceeding under Rule 18 of the Settlement Rules and take immediate action to evict the encroachers. Provision of the rules
for confiscation of properties and imposition of daily fines should be freely used.
Government would view with great disfavour any delay in eviction of encroachers
from the Professional Grazing Reserves, Village Grazing Reserve and Forest Reserves.
14. Settlement holders who have been rendered landless due to erosion by rivers
and have taken shelter in village Grazing Reserves and Professional Grazing Reserves
as prior to 12th September, 1958 with permission of the Deputy Commissioner or
Subdivisional Officer, should not be evicted from such Professional Grazing Reserves/
Village Grazing Reserves until they are provided with alternative lands elsewhere. This
should be construed as allowing encroachments into the Reserves on account of erosion of some areas of their holding . If their homesteads, are not eroded, or they
possess high land suitable for homestead, either as owner or as tenant then they should
not be allowed accommodation in any Reserve. If the homestead of a family is eroded
and no suitable land left for shifting, the family may be allowed to shift temporarily into
a Reserve and may stay there until alternative land is found out. If the homestead is
inundated or eroded by a sudden flood, the person so affected may shift to some
reserve, but immediately after removal to the reserve they must inform the Circle SubDeputy Collector or the Deputy Commissioner or Subdivisional Officer. It must be clearly
understood that where such homestead will again become abitable after the flood recedes, the owner must vacate their occupation in the reserves. Such encroachments
under the aforesaid circumstances may be presumed to be occupation with permission
of the Deputy Commissioner.
113

Until alternative land is found, no family should be allowed to occupy more than
3 bighas.
IV. Settlement of Waste Land
15. In the matter of settlement of waste land, landless displaced cultivators from
Pakistan shall have equal claim with the local landless agriculturist. Settlement of waste
land shall be made with individual cultivator in order of preference as laid down in
paragraph 6 (vii) of the Government Resolution.
16. In compact blocks of 50 bighas or more of waste land, no settlement with any
individual should be allowed without prior approval of the Government. Settlement of
such blocks should be ordinarily allowed to co-operative farming societies of actual
landless cultivators.
17. The Deputy Commissioner and Subdivisional Officer in consultation with the
garden authorities, should make a correct estimate of the actual surplus waste land
available for the ordinary cultivation in the Tea garden grants. A register of such tea
garden waste land should be maintained. The names of the tea estates where such
waste land is available, the area and the class of such waste land should be noted in
appropriate columns of the register. A list of such tea garden grants with the area of
available waste land should be submitted to the Government by 31st March, 1959 for
information.
18. The Deputy Commissioners/ Subdivisional Officers should prepare Mauzawise list of landless cultivators. This may be done with reference to the waste land
petitions pending with the Deputy Commissioners, Subdivisional Officer and Sub-Deputy
Collectors and with the help of the Panchayats. In mauzas where surplus tea garden
waste land is available the listed landless cultivators of the Mauza should be asked to
form farmers co-operative societies and credit the cost of compensation for requisition
and acquisition of the surplus tea garden land only one years compensation for requisition should be charged. If the landless cultivator mentioned above comply with this
direction of the Deputy Commissioner the surplus tea garden land should be requisitioned and the possession of it should be delivered to the society. Proceedings for
acquisition of the land should be started after delivery of possession to the Society and
on realisation of the acquisition cost. The landless cultivators of the neighbouring Mouzas
may be allowed to join such co-operative societies or form similar co-operative societies of their mauzas. Their cases should also be considered if sufficient land is available.
19. Government propose to examine by the experts of the Flood Control
Department the feasibility of reclamation of low lying swampy areas which are at present
uncultivable. The Deputy Commissioners and the Subdivisional Officers should submit
to the Government as early as possible a list of all such land other than the registered
fisheries within their subdivisions. The report should contain a brief description of the
land with location.

114

I am to request you to follow the instructions as indicated above and difficulty if

experienced in course of implementation of the instruction and the policy you may please
refer to Government for clarification.
Yours faithfully,
K.C.BARUA,
Secretary to the Government of Assam.

Memo. No. RSS. 329/53A., dated Shillong, the 6th March,

o copy to
1.

Commissioner of Plains Division

2.

Director of Land Records, Assam.

3.

Revenue( Land Revenue) Department.

4.

Revenue (Reforms) Department.

By Order, etc.
S. Sarkar,
Under-Secretary,
to the Government of Assam.

115

INDEX
Rule
27
27
132

Absence from duty, recorders

leave of, supervisor kanungos
Abstract diaries, supervisor kanungos, recorders
219
Weekly diary - recorders
29
Weekly diary - supervisor kanungos
135
Acquittance rolls - delay of
200
Additions procedure in registering exclusions and - 186
Allowances - field
129
Alteration - of periodic field
45
Amount of - touring required from
Sub-Deputy Collectors
203
Annual and periodic pattas - orders for issue of
105
Annual return of work by kanungos
177
Annual return of survey instruments
176
Annual return of Sub-Deputy Collector
222
Annulments - record of
24
Appointment-recorders
1
registrar kanungo
180
supervisor kanungo
125
Areasunsurveyed disappearance of
162
verification and classification of
87
Assessmentcheck of the calcuation of
114
of new land
19
settlement statement
171
Assessment rolls - the striking off of land from the 20
Attendence - of recorders on mauzadars
30

Page
15
15
59
90
16
60
78
73
58
22
79
46
68
68
91
13
1
69
56
65
42
54
10
67
11
16

B
Bigha rates - calcualation of
Books - diary, distribution by registrar kanungo
Boundary marks - inspection of

92
194
33,159

43
77
17,65

C
Calculation of new assessment - check of
Candidates - register of
Certificatesfor extension survey
Survey School
Chains - check of recorders
Charge
making over - recorders
making over - supervisor kanungos
Checkof field work, supervior kanungo, by inspection
general character of

162
195

65
77

13
9(1)
142

7
6
61

37
133

20
59

154
148

64
62

116

Rule
of recess work
comparison by supervisor kanungo
of calculation of new assessments
of faut, ferar and jotrahin lists
of map record of
of measurement
of mutations
of recorders chain
of recorders measuring standard
of recorders work by Sub-Deputy Collector
of relinquishments
of totalling
Chitha columns, 1,2,3,4
Colummn 8 - 11, tenants
Columns 15,16,21,22 crop entries
Columns 27 & 28 land class
Columns 1 unsettled land
correction of
new draft, preparing
old field
surveyed areas
totalling and comparison of
unsurveyed areas
Classification of house garden areas
Class of pattas - new and re-included
Cold weather tour- operations of
Comparisons - check by supervisor kanungo
Control and check of recess work
Correction of chitha entries
Courtchanges ordered by the
transfer to recorders papers of mutations
ordered in
Crop failures and mixed crops
Crop entries - columns 7,11 of chitha
Cropson different parts of the same field
failiures and mixed
Crop statementof registrar kanungo
recorders supplementary settlement abstracts
and pattas
Custody of records by registrar Kanungo

Page

160
165
162
158,208,63
Rule
153
149
170
142
143
206
157
164

65
66
65
64,81,36
Page
63
62
67
61
61
80
64
66

58
58 (iv) & (v)
61
58 (1)
59
156
113
69
16,56
95
17,119
61
111
107
165
160
156

28
29
32
28
29
64
53
38
9
44
9,55
33
49
47
66
65
64

101
187
61(xi) (xii)
61, 84

45
73
34
32,84

61
61

32
32

197

77

112
188
Rule

D
Dakhalkars -

117

50
74
Page

entry of name of in cloumn 5 of chitha

unregistered, their entry, time of
Delay of acquittance rolls
Demarcations in Surma Valley
Dhips - kanungos

82
57
200
32
144

Diary Books, distribution by registrar Kanungo

entries to be made in recorders, and note
book of recorders

41
28
78
17
61

of Sub-Deputy Collectors
of supervisor kanungos
weekly abstract - recorders
weekly abstract supervisor kanungos

194
139
29
Rule
205
135
29
135

77
16
60
Page
79
60
16
60

DiariesSub-Deputy Collectors
Supervisor Kanungos abstract
Different crops - on different parts of the same field
Disapperance of unsurveyed areas
Disbursement of pay of supervisor kanungos
Discrepancies in check line not due to error
Disposal of old maps
Disputed cased of mutation
Distribution of pattas
Double cropped - land when

198,223
219
61
114
131
152
191
212
78,108
61

78,93
90
32
54
59
63
74
86
40,48
32

Duration of field work of supervisor Kanungos

of tours of supervisor kanungos
Duty absence from
Dutiesof recorder
registrar kanungos
of Sub-Deputy Collectors generally
of Sub-Deputy Collectors during recess
of supervisor kanungo

147
145

62
61

27

15

5,15,115
181
202
204
140

4,8,54
70
73
79
60

E
Enquires- miscellaneous revenue, by Sub-Deputy
Collector
221
Entries to be made by supervisor Kanungo, in recorder
diary and note book
139
correction of chitha, by supervisor kanungo
156

118

91

60
64

Entry of land classing in jamabandi

name of dakhalkar
Errors correction of, by supervisor kanungo in check
chaining
discrepancies in check line not due to
in mutation, report of by registrar kanungo
Exclusionof faut, ferar and jotrahin fields from chitha by
recorder
of faut, ferar and jotrahin fields action by SubDeputy Collector
procedure of registrar kanungo
Extension Survey certificates

Rule

Page

74
58.82

39
28,41

151
152
184

63
63
73

63

36

207, 208
186
13

81
73
7

F
Faut, ferar and jotrahincheck of by Sub-Deputy Collector
check of by Supervisor kanungo
exclusion from chitha by recorder
lists, preparation by recorder
Fiel allowances
mutation work undisputed, for Sub-Deputy
Collectors.
work, duration of, for supervisor kanungo
work of recorders

207,208
158
63
22,81,121

81
64
36
12,40,55

129

58

211
147
44

85
62
22

Fieldsfaut, ferar and jotrahin, see above

high land rice, safeguard against assessing twice
over
new, numbering on map
numbering of, in unsurveyed areas
periodic- alteration of
tours and recesses

46
47
118
45
25

23
23
55
22
13

Fine automatic of recorders of absence in recess

of Supervisor Kanungos
Fluctuating villages

85
126
150

42
57
63

Formssee Appendix B
standardised
not standardised

Appx. B
Do.

119

102
104

Rule

Page

G
Generalcharacter of check by supervisor kanungo
responsibilities of supervisor kanungo
duties of Sub-Deputy Collector

148
140
202

62
60
78

103
61(IV)

46
33

Immigrants - land held by

98

44

Increase of staff -recorders

supervisor kanungos
information of raiyats
Inking periodic fields on the map
Inspectioncheck by supervisor kanungos
of boundary marks

5
127
31,134
106

4
58
17,59
47

154
33,159

64
17,65

H
Headquarters - visit to, by recorders
House garden areas - Classification of
I

Inspectionsby Deputy Commissioners and Subdivisional

Officers
by Director of Land Records and his Assistant

224
225

95
95

Instrumentssupervisor kanungos annual return of survey

recorders
registrar kanungos register of

176
42
192

68
21
75

J
Jamabandilocal periodic, correction of
register, correction of
register,maintenance of

88
26,
182

42
14
70

Jamabandientry of land classing in

surveyed areas
annual
local periodic
local periodic at disposal of mauzadar
totalling and comparison of
Unsurveyed areas

74
16
19
72
72
95
17,122

39
9
10
38
38
44
9,55

100
182

45
70
186

Jamabandi - Register correction of

Maintenance of
Procedure in ditto

120

73

Rule

Page

K
Kanungos dhips
kanungo supervisor
kanungo registrar

144

61

19

10

155
98
20
67
61 (VII)

64
44
11
36
33

Land Classcolumns 12, 13- chitha

Leave of absence of recorders
Leave of absence of supervisor kanungo
List of supervisor kanungos returns

66
27
132
179

36
15
59
69

ListsCheck by supervisor kanungo of faut, ferar and

jotrahin.
Check by Sub-Deputy Collector of ditto
preparation of ditto by recorders
receipt by mauzadar of ditto

158
207,208
23,81
23

64
81
13,40
13

34,35
182

18,19
70

40
153
191
55
188
39
51,52
16
79

21
63
74
27
74
21
25
9
40

159
34,35
33

65
18,19
17

L
Landassessment of new - responsibility of recorders
assessment of new - responsibility of supervisor
kanungo
held by immigrants
striking off of, from the assessment rolls
unsettled , columns 14,15 - chitha
when double cropped

M
Maintenanceof survey marks
of jamabandi register
Map care of
checking, record of
disposal of old
filling of
issue register
new map, when required
preparation of - for new field work
surveyed areas
Mapping of new cultivation
Marksinspection of boundary - by supervisor kanungo
maintenance of survey
survey

121

Rule
Mauzadarsalteration by, of recorders list of faut, ferar and
jotrahin
attendance of recorders on
claim of jamabandi for wasil, tahsil of tauzi
mutations and partitions by
Measurement - check of
Measuring standard - check of recorders
Method of survey
Miscellaneous revenue enquires

22
30
72
215
149
143
117
220

Mutationcheck of by supervisor kanungo

disputed classes of
errors in, report by registrar kanungo
field work, undisputed
mauzadars - and partitions
register of
Sub-Deputy Collectors
transfer to recorders paper of ordered in court
work in office

170
212
184
211
216
102, 185
210
187
217

Page

12
16
38
87
62
61
54
91

67
87
73
85
89
45,73
83
73
90

N
New cultivation - mapping of
New fields- particulars of
New land - assessment of
Newly - taken land ommission of

79
83
19
155

Note bookof checking, recorders

entries to be made in recorders diary and

55,153
139

Numbering of fields, surveyed areas

of fields, unsurveyed areas

47
118

23
55

107

90

155

64

Operations of cold weather tour

spring tour
winter recess

107
77
110

47
39
49

Orders for issue of annual and periodic pattas

of Deupty Commissioner

105
201

46
78

O
Office-mutation work in
Omission of newly-taken land, check by
supervisor kanungo

122

40
41
10
64

27, 63
60

Rule

Page

P
Particulars of new fields, entry in chitha
Partition by Sub-Deputy Collectors, undisputed
cases of
Partitions mauzadars mutations and
Pattaclass of new and re-included
distribution of
orders for issue of annual and periodic
supplementary settlement abstract, crop
statement and
Pattas transfer from one to another
Pay of supervisor kanungos- disbursement of
Pay bill - recordes and supervisor kanungos
Periodic fields alteration of
inking - on the map
Periodic Jamabandi - local correction of
Periodic pattas or annual - orders for issue of
Plotting
Preparation offaut, ferar and jotrahin lists by recorder
map for new field work
village and lot plus ad minus settlement abstract
village abstracts and totals
Preparing new draft chithas
Pony-supervisor kanungo to keep
Procedure in registering exclusions and additions
in Jamabandi register

83

41

214
215

87
89

111
78,108
105

49
40,48
46

112
213
131
199

50
86
59
78

45
106
88
105
49

22
47
42
46
24

22,81
51,52
96
94
113
128

12,40
25
44
44
53
58

186

73

Promotionrecorders
supervisors kanungos

2
125

1
56

Punishmentrecorders

registrar kanungos
supervisor kanungos

180
126

2
69
57

Q
Qualifications recorders
R
Raiyats-information to
Ratessanctioned bigha
in unsurveyed and unsettled areas

31,134
92
93

123

17,59
43
44

Rule
Recesscontrol and check of - work by supervisor kanungo
duties of Sub-Deputy Collector during
operations of winter
work of recorders in

Page

160
204
110
86

65
79
49
42

25
116

13
54

55
153

27
63

Recorder - see Table of ContentsRecords - custody of by registrar kanungo

188

74

Registerof candidates, recorders

of mutations
Jamabandi, correction of
Jamabandi, maintenance of
Jamabandi, maintenance, procedure

195
102, 185
100
182
186

Registerscircle office
recorders
registrar kanungos
supervisor kanungos

223
38
181
172

Reliquishments
check of , by supervisor kanungo
verification of, by recorder

157
43,80

Reportsannuals, of Sub-Deputy Collectors

of recorders bad works by supervisor kanungo
of error in mutations, by registrar kanungo

222
141
184

91
61
73

Residencerecorders
Supervisor kanungos

6
130

5
58

Responsibilitiesgeneral of supervisor kanungo

140

60

RecessesField tours and - of recorders

ditto in- unsurveyed areas
Record ofmap testing with recorder
map checking by supervisor kanungo

Returnannual of, Sub-Deputy Collector

222
annual work, of supervisor kanungo
177
supervisor kanungos, list of
179
Returns and registers- recorders
38
Revenue, enquiries, miscellaneous, by Sub-Deputy
Collector
220

124

77
45,73
45
70
73

93
20
70
67

64
21,40

91
68
69
20
91

Rule
Rewardsrecorders
supervisor kanungos

14
129

Page
8
58

S
Safeguard against assessing high land rice fields
twice over
46
Sarkari dags - treatment of
62
Schoolcertificates
Settlement - assessment statement of (dual),
supervisor kanungos

23
35

9(1)

171

67

Settlement Abstractpreparation of the village and lot plus and minus

96
preparation of - and crop abstract, unserveyed
areas
123
Spring tour - operations - of
77
Staff- increase of recorders
5
increase of supervisor kanungos
127
Standard-check of recorders measuring
143
Statement - settlement assessment
171
Stationary-forms and........................................... 193
Striking off of land from assessment roll
20
Sub-Deputy Collectors- see Table of Contents
Supervisor kanungos- see Table of Contents

14
55
39
4
58
61
67
75
11

Supplementary settlementabstract, crop statement and pattas

survey for

112
109

Surma Valleydemarcations in
pattas in

32
105,213

17
46,86

Surveycertificates (school)
certificates for extension
instruments annual return of
for supplementary settlements
marks
method of

9(1)
13
176
109
33-35
48

6
7
68
48
17-19
24

Survey ofunsurveyed areas, duty of recorder

unsurveyed areas, duty of Sub-Deputy Collector
Surveyed areas - map chitha and jamabandi of

18
218
16

125

50
48

9
90
9

Rule

Page

T
Taking over charge by recorders
charge by supervisor kanungo
Testing chain, by recorder
Totalling - check of, by supervisor kanungo
Touring - amount required from Sub-Deputy
Collector

37
133
41
164

20
59
21
66

203

79

25
116
145
203

13
54
61
79

Transferfrom one patta to another

213
of instruments
221
to recorders papers of mutations, ordered in court 187

86
91
73

Transfers recorders
supervisors kanungos

3
125(IV)

2
57

Treatment ofsarkari dags

unsurveyed areas

62
124

35
55

Undisputed field mutation work

cases of partition

211
214

85
87

Unsurveyed areasChitha and jamabandi in

disappearance of
faut, ferar, jotrahin and relinquishments in
forms and registers to be maintained for
jamabandi and chitha in

17
114
121
120
17

9
54
55
55
9

Tours and recesses of recorders

of recorders, in unsurveyed areas
Supervisor kanungos
Sub -Deputy Collectors

126

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