A NEW GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON HEALTH,

PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY

Applying Sport Science and Energy Management Principles
as a New Frontier for Advancing Global Health and Performance

Global Alliance

for Health & Performance

Global Alliance

for Health & Performance

A multitude of global health and government organizations are trying to crack
the code on wellness in an effort to empower individuals, organizations and
communities to build healthier, higher performing futures. According to the World
Health Organization, almost two-thirds of the estimated 56 million deaths each
year worldwide are caused by non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular
disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung diseases. Many of these diseases are
preventable, and our current health care systems around the globe are failing to
move the needle on prevention. We posit that a new prescription is needed one
that incorporates energy management and embraces sport sciences proven,
multidisciplinary principles to help improve the health and performance of
individuals, businesses, organizations and communities across the globe. Health
and wellness is multidimensional: in order to operate at peak performance, a
persons physical, mental, emotional and spiritual components must work in
concert.
Given that the individual is the building block of organizations, businesses and
communities, individuals operating at peak performance will result in productive
and optimized groups. The holistic nature of sport science offers a new model
for unleashing human potential and performance, where energy individually
and organizationally gets optimized across physical, mental, emotional
and spiritual dimensions. At the crux of optimal performance is the energy
management concept, because without energy, everything is static. A large body
of research confirms sport science benefits for elite athletes training mentality
and performance; therefore extrapolating this training method to the wider
population can help to create healthier global communities and improve worldwide
competitiveness. We can transform individual and organizational health states
by exploding the energy quotient and creating a new model that drives the
wellbeing economy.
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HUMAN ENERGY IS OUR MOST

PRECIOUS RESOURCE
Its not just how long we live, but
how well we live. Until now, high-level
worldwide health initiatives have
focused on the global epidemic of
non-communicable diseases and
sustainable development. We propose
a new model that moves us from the
disease state to a population-centered
health state that creates a value chain
of physiological and psychosocial
outcomes that optimize human
potential and performance. We need a
re-think about health that moves us
from surviving to thriving; where health
and energy drive performance and
socio-economic prosperity. Focusing
on energy management and applying
sport science principles could be a
new frontier for disease prevention
and management.
Weve been conditioned to believe that
time is the resource most in need of
management. The premise is that if we
manage it strategically and invest our
time in those areas of our lives of the
highest priority, we will be rewarded
for our efforts. The more time invested,

the greater the return and reward. The

fallacy is that time inherently cant be
managed: the march of time cannot be
stopped or altered, and its not possible
to manage something that cannot be
influenced or expanded.
There needs to be a cultural shift to
human energy as a precious resource
that should be managed. Energy is life,
which begins with its first pulse and
ends with its last. All human energy
begins in the union of oxygen and
glucose at the cellular level, which
becomes the foundation of all our
energy experiences in life physical,
emotional, mental and even spiritual.
Energy management is a category of
performance training pioneered in the
mid-1970s by the Human Performance
Institute (HPI), a division of Johnson
& Johnsons Wellness & Prevention,
Inc., Today, athletes, business leaders,
military and surgical teams are using
energy management training to expand
their energy and perform at their
personal best, and this method can

be extrapolated beyond the business

world to all individuals. The discipline
of expanding and actively managing
the quantity, quality, focus and force
of energy throughout the day results in
sustained high performance in work
and life.
Jim Loehr, Co-Founder of the Human
Performance Institute and Global
Alliance member, notes that human
energy is the most precious resource
we have as individuals, teams,
leaders and organizations. The energy
investment made by people and
the collective force of that energy
is what drives individual, team
and organizational productivity,
profitability and performance
across the stakeholder value chain.
When energy is aligned physically,
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mentally, emotionally, spiritually and

environmentally, then individuals,
teams and organizations operate in a
healthy state. This allows optimization
of individual and collective efficiencies,
innovation, bench strength and
resiliency. Going further, when that
harnessed energy is directed toward
our values and prioritizations,
performance is enhanced. The converse
to this premise is that when energy is
discordant in any of the domains, the
healthy state of individuals and the
organizational system is disrupted.
Looking at the time and energy
example, managing time only takes
us from being absent to present, but
managing energy takes us from being
present to being engaged (Loehr &
Schwartz, 2003). Being fully engaged

propels higher performance, better

teamwork, deeper relationships and
stronger leadership. If the goal is to
manage, increase and sustain energy for
full engagement and performance, our
road map is the well-documented sport
science principles.

Sport Science Value Proposition

Who wouldnt want the keys to unlocking
more energy to meet the ever-increasing
demands in ones life and fuel ones
optimal self, whether as a parent,
businessperson, teacher or community
leader? The field of sport science draws
broadly from medicine, kinesiology,
neuroscience, physiology, psychology,
motor learning, nutrition and sociology
as a means of enhancing health, energy
and performance. The aggregate of these
sciences yields one important outcome:
improved positive energy. This energy
is the fuel that pushes athletes to go
the extra mile in developing their
capacities and competencies. It is the
key to their becoming fully engaged so
to achieve optimal performance and
extraordinary feats.
Optimal performance is holistic. Sport
sciences multi-disciplinary nature offers
a new model for unleashing human
potential and performance: a proven
platform to accelerate the development
of human capital in a unique and
comprehensive way to improve overall
health and performance.
While sport science is not new, it is a
new pathway for how we look at health
as not something purely dependent

on incentives to maintain as extrinsic

motivation, but as something that is
holistic, intrinsic and mission-centered,
that can change lives, companies, and
communities. Jim Whitehead, CEO of
the American College of Sports Medicine
(ACSM), says, "Sport science is a living
laboratory for unleashing human
potential. It creates a playing field for
creating physical and psychosocial
resiliency, team dynamics, flexibility,
speed, endurance, self-efficacy, the
regulation of emotions and interactions,
recovery from adverse situations and
organizational capacity."

Sport Science Levers of Change

Research shows that sport science
principles can improve an athletes
overall performance: Its application has
resulted in an extraordinary progression
in athletic performance during the
last 50 years. Athletes, as a whole, are
typically bigger, faster, stronger, more
powerful and more emotionally resilient
today than a half century ago. They eat
better and understand how to recapture
energy quickly in order to perform
well the next day. The Global Alliance
for Health and Performance believes
that using the multi-dimensional
performance science principles can
dynamically unify individual and
organizational health, thereby creating
a team win. It not only promotes
collective good health for individuals,
but also contributes to building healthy
organizations and communities with
healthier productivity and bottom lines.

The progress in sport science has been

founded on four important discoveries
that we believe are relevant to individuals,
organizations and global communities:
(1) Human beings are multidimensional
in nature. For performance to improve,
humans should work to make
improvements in four dimensions:
physical, emotional, mental and
spiritual (for our purposes, spiritual
refers to ones mission or purpose in
life). Athletes learn how to train, prepare
and perform more effectively when they
increase their capacity in all four realms.
Emotionally, they learn techniques to
increase resiliency and how to access
opportunistic emotions, for instance, a
sense of challenge and optimism, and
to fend off negative and performanceclouding emotions, such as impatience,
frustration, fear and defensiveness.
Mentally, athletes and teams have
learned to increase focus and to manage
their time as a tool to effectively manage
their energy. Spiritually, they have learned
how to develop a sense of personal, team
and organizational mission.
(2) As finite energy systems, energy recovery
is essential. Stress is the stimulus for
growth, and growth occurs during the
recovery period. Therefore, without
recovery, there is no growth (Loehr,
1990; Loehr & Groppel, 2008). The
research literature brims with evidence
on the importance of recovery to the
performance equation. For example, if you
are an athlete and you exercise a

muscle today, you should not stress

it again for at least 48 hours because
it needs the recovery time for growth
to occur. This is a component of life
rhythms, or oscillations. Most human
functions oscillate rhythmically up
and down, such as EEGs, EKGs, sleep
cycles and blood glucose levels. A lack of
oscillation, or linearity as it is known, is
completely dysfunctional for individuals,
teams and organizations.
To illustrate the role of oscillation,
consider the work of renowned
performance psychologist, Jim Loehr,
who studied the in-between point time of
some of the worlds best tennis players.
The heart rates of world-class tennis
players rise to anywhere from 170 to over
200 beats per minute, and they have 20
seconds to recover in between the points.
During an entire tennis match, a player
actually plays tennis just 35 percent of
the time, so the remaining 65 percent the
player is resting in between points and
games.
How do great tennis players use their
small recovery times in a productive
way? Loehr found that after every
point, they went through four stages:
1) A positive physical response (to
visualize the correction of an error);
2) A relaxation/recovery phase (for
the physical, emotional and mental
recapture of energy); 3) A preparation
phase (to mentally prepare for what
is about to happen); and 4) A stage
of pre-performance rituals (where

they put themselves in a state of

multidimensional readiness for the
next point).
(3) Periodization is required for long-term
sustainability. One of the unique findings
in sport performance is periodization,
or the long-term and short-term
work/rest ratio that allows an athlete
to endure grueling training and
competition schedules (Bompa & Haff,
2009; Groppel, 1999). By altering the
activity as well as the volume, intensity
and frequency of training according to
the sports season, athletes can peak
physiologically and psychologically
for their respective sport. Additionally,
periodization involves training at two
levels: macrocycles and microcycles.
A macrocycle is a long-range plan
assisting individuals and teams in

preparing for the big events, while a

microcycle can be very short-term,
for example, a practice plan. In either
area, the goal revolves around work/
rest ratios to maximize performance
in the most effective way. Imagine the
beneficial results if individuals and
teams learned to optimize their
work-to-rest ratios (Groppel, 1999).
(4) Resilience. Athletes mental focus
and emotional regulation are critical to
their performance capabilities, because
they must constantly withstand a
wide range of pressures to attain and
sustain high performance. For athletes
and non-athletes alike, personal life
situations and business challenges
can result in strain and generate
fatigue leading to poor judgments
and decision-making. Over time, this

may lead to exhaustion, burnout and

serious health problems.
Noted positive psychologists who
work with the military and sports
sectors found that coping with change,
challenge and threats requires building
up competencies that reinforce
positive emotions, character strengths,
cooperation and trusting relationships.
They have a profound effect on how
the immune system functions and the
climate state that drives performance
(Seligman, Reivich & McBride (2011),
B.L. Frederickson, 1998, 2001).
To tap into positive emotions and
achieve this state, athletes practice
rituals that concentrate on internal
rather than external work. These rituals
include meditation and visualization

techniques to conjure what they

want to happen or feel as a means
of rehearsing an intended outcome,
commonly referred to as stepping into
the feeling. Athletes emotional and
spiritual content of their heart directly
impacts their mental and emotional
energy, as the emotion imprints
information into the brain through
inter-cellular communication. Mind,
intention and belief influence both
performance and healing at the cellular
level. Athletes realize that they will
perform at their best when they achieve
a state of high, positive energy (Loehr &
Schwartz, 2003).

Physical Activity is the Linchpin of Wellness

At the core of wellness is physical activity, and we need to think of
exercise as medicine. The benefits of physical activity are undisputed:
There is a 20-30 percent reduced risk of all-cause mortality and
premature death in active individuals.1 Science also confirms the risks of
sedentary lifestyles: Physical inactivity is linked to 21-25 percent of colon
and breast cancer, 27 percent of Type 2 diabetes and up to 30 percent of
ischemic heart disease cases.2
The Exercise is MedicineTM (EIM) Solution offers a new primary care
paradigm for our worlds physical inactivity crisis. The EIM Solution
aligns a physicians clinical goals with a patients personal lifestyle
goals to keep the healthy, healthy and to slow the rate of chronic disease
progression. It aims to have physical activity part of every provider,
payor and community wellness programs in which consumers will enroll
in effective physical activity interventions. A network of credentialed
health and fitness professionals will engage consumers in activating and
managing their own personalized plan for improving health and reducing
risk. The EIM Solution provides a new approach for not only improving
and measuring the health and performance of individuals, but also for
bending the cost curve dramatically as 80 percent of the healthcare
dollar is being spent in preventing, treating and managing chronic
disease, stress and depression disorders.

Woodcock, J., O.H. Franco, N. Orsini and I. Roberts, Non-vigorous physical activity and all-cause
mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, Int J Epidemiol 2011, 40(1): 12138:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20630992.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/.

TAKING SPORT SCIENCE AND ENERGY

MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES TO A NEW LEVEL FOR
INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESSES AND COMMUNITIES

Individuals: The Power of

Values and Full Engagement
In his book, The Only Way to Win, Jim
Loehr (2012) powerfully demonstrates
that sport is the true living laboratory
for witnessing the role that character
plays in achievement, personal
fulfillment and life satisfaction. He
discusses that success at work and
fulfillment in life require a complete
repurposing of achievement, one
where value is derived from growth
in areas such as integrity, honesty,
gratefulness, humility, optimism and
compassion. These attributes become
the navigational North Star, and

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combined with a spiritual element of

working towards something greater
than oneself, is a recipe for great
performance no matter who you are.
Successful athletes who sustain
high performance year after year are
striving toward something bigger than
themselves. People who are engaged
are open and receptive to new ideas,
and when feeling good, they do well.
They are empathetic and move from a
me-centered universe to a we-centered
universe where the focus is on forging
deep relationships and giving back.
Its not the length of time we spend on
earth that defines success, but how

engaged we are in the time we have and how aligned with our most cherished values
and beliefs. If we take a look again at the comparison of time and energy, we begin
to grasp that once we define our spiritual missions and values, its the amount of
energy that we dedicate to, and how engaged we are in, these causes that result in
success, not solely how much time we spend on them. For instance, invest energy
in ones bicep by lifting weights and the bicep will grow. Cut off energy investment
by immobilizing ones arm and the bicep will atrophy. The same is true for our
marriages, jobs, friendships, spiritual life and physical health.
To enhance sustainable
performance, we need to
have both an offensive
and defensive game plan
that aligns culture, values
and individual strengths
against practices that
are mindful of what the
body needs to fuel, train,
prepare and recover.
The more energy we can
dedicate to our own
human meaning, the
more engaged well be in
whats important to us,
whether its our personal
relationships, work
life or extracurricular
endeavors. When were
truly present, focusing on
one thing at a time and
serving a purpose greater
than oneself, there is a
value chain that has our
health and well being
firing on all cylinders.

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Business: Taking a Page from the Sport Science Playbook

to Improve Health and Productivity
Organizations that embrace an understanding of human performance
biology in workplace, medical or institutional health can shift their
investment emphasis from one of failure costs to one of detection and
prevention costs. The majority of health promotion approaches have
not been aligned to a strategic vision, nor do they have a systems focus.
As an example, we need to redesign our workforce health programs
from "Employee-Condition and Program-Centric to Employee-TeamLeadership Health/Performance-Centric." Institutions that promote
walking, biking, access to public transportation and neighborhood
connectivity are supportive environments that inspire the health and
happiness that leads to enhanced productivity.
Following is an example of the effectiveness and importance of the
physical dimension on impacting employees mental and emotional
states. In this 2012 study, employees were asked to move every 25-30
minutes, whereas movement was allowed and encouraged during meetings.
After 90 days, Figure 1 below shows that self-reported energy levels went
up at all times of the day, including times away from work. In Figure 2,
42 percent of these employees self-reported that their engagement and
focus at work improved (Groppel & Alexander, 2012).

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Figure 1

More people report higher energy levels

especially in the middle of the workday!
Energy Level Throughout The Day
80%
70%

+8

+4

20%
10%

66%

+5

39%
46%

28%

23%

35%
At home before
workday begins

At beginning of
typical workday

61%

+2

37%

40%
30%

PRE-WAVE
POST-WAVE

+11

54%

60%
50%

+4

26%

21%

23%

Middle of
typical workday

Towards end of
typical workday

At home after
workday is over

On days off/
weekends

Base - Total New Balance Respondents: Pre Wave (344), Post Wave (239) Q4. How would you rate the
level of energy you typically experience in each of the different situations listed below?
Percentage of participants pre-wave and post-wave who reported high energy level (8-10 out of 10)

Figure 2

42% of respondents report increased engagement

and focus at work.
Thinking about how engaged and focused you feel at work, since the start
of the Organization in MOTIONTM Program, would you say how engaged and
focused you feel has...
2%

Decreased

55%

Not changed

30%

Increased a little

10%

Increased a moderate amount

2%

Increased a lot

Percent of Respondents

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Base: Total New Balance Respondents Post-wave (n=233)

Q5b. Thinking about how engaged and focused you feel at work, since the start of the Organization in Motion Program,
would you say how engaged and focused you feel has...

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Prior to the application of sport science in the 1960s, elite athletes suffered in
much the same way many employees do today. After the introduction of sport
science, athletes took a multidimensional approach to training, with excellent
results. Individuals and businesses that take a page from the world of sport science
and deploy a multidimensional approach to performance can drastically improve
productivity, innovation and engagement (Groppel & Wiegand, 2012).

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The Lower Performance Approach

Elite Athletes Prior to
Introduction of Sport
Science (1960s)

Employees Today

Coping Strategies:

Push harder, train longer,

dont allow for recovery

Push harder; work longer hours;

dont allow for recovery

Symptoms of Stress:

Anxiety, depression, injury;

psychological problems
resulting in negative
behaviors (uncooperativeness,
defensiveness, frustration,
hypercriticality, pessimism)

Disengagement from work;

anxiety; depression; sleeplessness;
indulging in unhealthy behaviors
(smoking, overeating, failure to exercise);
psychological problems resulting in
negative behaviors (uncooperativeness,
defensiveness, frustration,
hypercriticality, pessimism)

Results of Stress:

Resulting in shortened
careers; lifelong health
issues

Absenteeism and presenteeism; burnout;

lack of productivity; low performance;
lack of innovation; poor physical and
emotional health

The High-Performance Approach

Elite Athletes Today

Employees of the Future

Approach to athletes:

Work to balance multiple

dimensions of the whole
person (physical, mental,
emotional and spiritual);
improve performance by
allowing for recovery,
periodization, macro and
micro-cycles

Allow for balance multiple dimensions

of the whole person (physical, mental,
emotional and spiritual); allow for
recovery, periodization, macro and
micro-cycles; support employee
needs for nutrition, hydration,
exercise and sleep

Effects of
New Approach:

Improved speed, strength,

physical and emotional
health; high engagement and
endurance; better teamwork;
longer careers

Highly engaged, higher-performing,

healthier and more energetic
employees; improved teamwork
and innovation

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Community Level: Performance by Design

We understand that driving performance requires more than simplistic fixes.
The optics of and access to healthcare needs to move from an approach that is
focused on disease management to one that realizes that human capital and peak
performance is energy-based. Ensuring a person has the proper environment, is
motivated and has the resources to enable him or her to perform is what the sports
equation is all about: Performance = Ability X motivation X opportunity. To sustain
the performance of human lives, we need an offensive and defensive game plan
that understands intrinsic motivations more than extrinsic motivations: societal
level interventions are key to helping people live their best lives.

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Natural
environment
water
weather

Built
environment
transport

urban
design

Social
environment
culture

air

land-use
patterms

income

Individual
environment
gender
social
cohesion

equity

green
space

topography

age
beliefs
motivation

Physical activity
and active living

skills

social
support

http://www.euro.who.int/data/assets/pdffile/0009/98424/E89498.pdf

A critical component of this equation

is opportunity. Communities that
adopt and support green building
practices; open spaces and
infrastructure for recreational and
walking, biking and rolling use;
access to public transportation;
and neighborhood connectivity
create high impact for the health
of the community and low impact
on the environment.
Take for example Lake Nona, a
community in Orlando, Florida, as an
example of purposeful design. It fosters
individual health and performance
not just in promoting outdoor activity,
movement, and social connectivity,
but also in using intelligent design
and advanced technology within the
houses. For instance, homes can
include design and technologies in

the kitchen that encourage healthier

eating. An innovative longitudinal
study, called the Lake Nona Life Project,
has been initiated to help evaluate
modern day health and wellness in
a community such as this. Studying
health on a larger scale will enable
better understanding of the different
segments, behaviors, triggers and
behavioral interventions and deliver
new insights in preventing the onset
and progression of chronic illness.
Many communities are also working
to create open or complete street
events that promote health and
social integration. The Everybody Walk
collaborative that advances walking
as a community norm is an example of
a policy and engagement opportunity
that produces resilient individuals and
communities.

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Imagine our Energy Futures

Human energy is the currency of wellness and high performance. Nothing
happens without human energy, and as sport science has illustrated, investing
in energy management is vital for personal and professional success. We have a
host of issues that are overwhelming individual, family and community energy
and resilience capacities: recessionary economics, poor market performance,
demanding workloads, generational differences in how people communicate
and interact, toxic behaviors, family care demands, growth in co-morbid chronic
pain and desensitization to drug therapies, depression, anger, fear stressors
and lack of sleep. We need a new prescription for renewing and expanding
human energy, and we believe we have found an answer in sport sciences
multidimensional principles.

Energy is Four-Dimensional
SPIRITUAL
we develop

MENTAL

FORCE
we become
extraordinary

FOCUS
QUALITY

EMOTIONAL
QUANTITY
PHYSICAL

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Like athletes, people need to fuel their bodies and brains

adequately, train for emotional resilience, practice mindfulness
and improve their mental toughness.

Sport science shows us there is a pathway for:

Fueling bodies, brains and behavior change across human
capital domains and the life course: physically, mentally,
socially, emotionally and spiritually (mission/purpose).

Understanding the body is organizationally relevant. By turning

the organizational mission inward, we can grow the health and
fitness of employees, teams and entire organizations, reducing
risk and improving long-term financial performance.

Enabling active and supportive environmental policies and

interventions to promote healthy and active living, deepen
engagement with others and build social cohesion.

Health igniting performance! Like athletes, we need to manage our

energy curve through proper work/rest ratios, engaging in microcycles of activity throughout the day, practicing mindfulness and
building positive emotions. By enabling ourselves to do more, feel
better and live longer, we create the energy, resilience and recovery
systems that help us to achieve extraordinary health outcomes and
a new wellbeing economy!

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"When we are physically energized, emotionally connected, mentally

focused and spiritually aligned, we increase our resiliency and
performance levels. When funds in employee, team and organizational
energy accounts become depleted, the ability of people and
organizations to rally and optimize their talent and skills gets
compromised", says Jack Groppel, co-chair of the Global Alliance for
Health and Performance.
We have to ask ourselves, What would health look like if we were
operating at peak performance? The need has never been greater to
clearly understand the connection between health, engagement and
performance. A plethora of data supports the performance science
model learned from the past half century in world-class sports arena.
The application of sport science and energy management principles
outlined above can serve as a new frontier for disease preventionoffering health systems around the world a new approach to
optimizing health and performance for individuals, organizations and
communities.
It is time to forge a new pathway of health igniting performance in a
new world, for health to become who we are as a way of life, and not just
something we do.

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21

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2009.
Brandon, J., Joines, R., Powell, T., Cruse, S.,Kononenko, C. Developing Fully Engaged Leaders That Bring out
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Frederickson, B. Positivity 2.0. NY: Hudson Street Press, 2013.
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Gallwey, T. The Inner Game of Tennis, Random House, 1977.
Groppel, J. and Alexander, J. Becoming an Organization in MOTION: Investigating the Organizational
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Education, Recreation & Dance. 82: 6, 2011, 35-39.

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References Cont.

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major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy.
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Levine, J. Move a Little, Lose a Lot. NY: Random House, 2009.
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Pentland, A. The New Science of Building Great Teams. Harvard Business Review, April, 2012.
Ratey, J. Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and thePBrain. New York: Little, Brown &
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Global Alliance

for Health & Performance

www.GlobalAllianceHP.com