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DIODE CHARACTERISTICS
Objective
To plot the reverse and forward bias V-I Characteristics of a PN junction diode.
VD
ohms
ID
eq.1.1
rD
eq.1.2
The application of differential calculus shows that the AC resistance of a diode in the
vertical-rise section of the characteristics is given by
rD
26mV
ohms
ID
eq.1.3
For levels of current at and below the knee of the curve, the AC resistance of a silicon
diode is better approximated by
rD
26mV
ohms
ID
eq.1.4
a = anode
k = cathode
If a low reading (less than 1 V) is obtained in both directions, the junction is shorted.
If an OL indication is obtained in both direction, junction is open.
Perform the tests of table 1.1 for silicon and germanium diodes.
Table 1.1
Test
Forward
Reverse
Si
Ge
Si Vd
Figure 1.3
b) Increase the supply voltage E until VR (not E) reads 0.1 V. Then measure VD and
insert its voltage in Table1.3. Calculate the value of the corresponding current ID
using the equation shown in Table 1.3
TABLE 1.3
VD versus ID for silicon diode
VR (V)
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
VD (V)
ID=
VR
(mA)
Rmeas
VR (V)
VD (V)
ID=
VR
(mA)
Rmeas
VR
(mA)
Rmeas
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
VR (V)
0.9
VD (V)
ID=
VR
(mA)
Rmeas
d) On fig 1.4, plot ID versus VD for the silicon and germenium diodes. Complete the
curves by extending the lower region of each curve to the intersection of axis at ID = 0
mA and VD = 0 V. label each curve and clearly indicate data points.
Figure 1.4
Si Vd
Figure 1.5
b) Measure the voltage VR. Calculate the reverse saturation current from
IS = VR / (Rmeas // Rm). The internal resistance Rm of the DMM is included because of the large
magnitude of the resistance R. your instructer will provide the internal resistance of DMM
for your calculations. If unavailable, use a typical value of 10 M.
Rm =
VR =
IS =
c) Repeat Part3(b) for the germanium diode.
VR =
IS =
d) Determine the DC resistance levels for the silicon diodes using the equation
R DC
VD
ID
VD
IS
E VR
IS
RDC (calculated) (Si) =
RDC (calculated) (Ge) =
Part 4. DC Resistance
a) Using the Si curve of fig.1.5, determine the diode voltage at the diode current
levels indicated in table 1.5. Then determine the DC resistance at each current
level. Show all calculations.
Table 1.5
ID (mA)
VD
RDC
0.2
1
5
10
VD
RDC
0.2
1
5
10
Part 5. AC Resistance
a) Using the equation rD
V
, determine the AC resistance of silicon diode at
I
ID = 9mA using the curve at figure 1.4. Show your all work.
rd (calculated) =
b) Determine the AC resistance at ID = 9 mA using the equation rD
silicon diode. Show your all work.
rd (calculated) =
Compare the results at parts 5(a) and 5(b)
26mV
for the
ID