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Review Article
HERBAL ANTITUSSIVES AND EXPECTORANTS A REVIEW
1*
Seema Gairola , Vikas Gupta , Parveen Bansal , Ranjit Singh , Mukesh Maithani
1
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Meerut, India
2
University Centre of Excellence in Research, BFUHS, Faridkot, India
3
Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
INTRODUCTION
There are many types of drugs that are used to suppress
cough and are often prescribed in combination. Before
dealing with the particular type of drug used, it is
important to consider briefly the nature of cough
production, its role in disease and desirability of
suppressing it1. The studies showing that about 95 million
units of pediatric drugs were sold for coughs and colds
every year in the United States2.
The sale of pediatric and adult cough medication
represents a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical
market in many Countries3. In most countries, these
pharmaceutical preparations are sold as over-the-counter
(OTC) drugs, a category that includes the following
therapeutic classes: cough suppressants, expectorants,
and mucolytics 4. In 2006, the American College of Chest
Physicians published nine guidelines for treating acute
cough which do not recommend use of OTC drugs5.
Another concern regarding cough medications is fixeddose combinations because using two or more drugs in
the same formulation, besides having no supporting
therapeutic grounds or scientific evidence, increases the
risk of adverse events6 .
Cough is a useful physiological mechanism that serves to
clear the respiratory passages of foreign material and
excess secretions and should not be suppressed
7.
indiscriminately Cough is thought to be caused by a
reflex. It occurs due to stimulation of mechano-or
chemoreceptor in throat, respiratory passage or stretch
8
receptor in the lungs . The sensitive receptors are located
in the bronchial tree, particularly in the junction of the
trachea. These receptors can be stimulated mechanically
or chemically e.g. by inhalation of various irritants than
nerve impulses activate the cough center in the brain9.
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Botanical Name
(Common Name)
Abies webbiana Lindl.
(Indian Silver Fir)
Abrus precatorius L.
( Indian liquorice)
Acacia concinna wild.
DC
(Shikakai)
Acorus calamus L.
( Sweet flag)
Adhatoda vasica L.Nees
(Vasaka)
Agaricus albus Linn
(Purging agaric)
Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.
( Tree of heaven)
Alhagi pseudalhai Bieb.
Desv (Camel thorn)
Allium odorum L.
( Sweet leek)
Allium porrum Linn
(Leek)
Althae officinalis Linn
(Marshmallow)
Amomum aromaticm
Roxb. (Bengal
cardamom)
Anagallis arvensis Linn.
(Chari saben)
Andrographis
paniculata Burm.f.
Nees (Kalmegh)
Artemisia Vulgaris Linn.
(Arbaaka)
Asparagus racemosus
Wild (Shatavari)
Azima tetracantha Lam.
(Mistletoe)
Bacopa monnieri L.
(Brahmi)
Balanites aegyptiaca
Linn.Delile.
(Deseart date)
Balsamodendron
Myrrha Nees.
(Surasa, Barbara)
Belamcana chinensis L.
(Leopard lily)
Bischofia javanica B.
(Vinegar wood)
Blepharis linariaefolia
Pers. (Naethira Poondu)
Blumea Balsamifera L.
DC (Kukur Sunga)
C. longa Linn(Turmeric)
Caesalpina Bonducella
F. (Kuberakshi)
Cassia Tora L.
(Cakunda)
Celosia Cristata Linn.
(Cocks comb)
Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Rich. (Ipecac)
Chelidonium major L.
(Tetter wort)
Chondrus crispus L.
( Pearl Moss)
Pinaceae
Part
used
L
Leguminosae
R, L, S
Mimosaceae
Araceae
Rz
Acanthaceae
Agaricaceae
L, R, F,
B
WP
Simaroubaceae
Fabaceae
WP
Liliaceae
L,B
Liliaceae
Malvaceae
L,R
Zingiberacea
Family
Chemical Constituent
Activity
Reference
Antitussive
[17]
Antitussive
[18]
Expectorant
[19]
Antitussive
[20]
Expectorant
[21]
Expectorant
[22]
Expectorant
[22]
Expectorant
[22]
Expectorant
[18]
Expectorant
[22]
Antitussive
[23]
Fr
Antitussive
[22]
Primulaceae
Expectorant
[23]
Acanthaceae
Expectorant
[18,21,24,25]
Asteraceae
F,R
Expectorant
[26]
Liliacea
R, L
Antitussive
[27]
Salvadoraceae
Expectorant
[22]
Scrophulariaceae
R, S, F
,Fr
S
Alkaloid, brahmine
Antitussive
[27,28]
Expectorant
[18]
Burseraceae
R, L,
Se
Expectorant
[18]
Iridaceae
Rz
Expectorant
[18]
Euphorbiaceae
L, Sh
Tannin, Vit c.
Antitussive
[18]
Acanthaceae
Sesquiterpene lactones.
Expectorant
[26]
Asteraceae.
Antitussive
[29]
Zingiberaceae
Rz
Antitussive
[30,31]
Leguminosae
Antitussive
[32]
Caesalpinaceae
Se, R,
B, L
Se ,L
Antitussive
[33,34]
Amaranthaceae
F, Se
Antitussive
[26]
Rubiaceaea
Expectorant
[28]
Papaveraceae
Antitussive
[35,36]
Gigartinaceae
Fr
Expectorant
[18]
Smaroubaceae
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Botanical Name
(Common Name)
Cimicifuga racemosa
Nutt. (Black snakeroot)
Citrus japonica Thunb.
(Marumi Kumquat)
Coleus amboinicus Lour.
(Indian borage)
Cressa cretica Linn
(Rudanti)
Curcuma Zedoaria Berg.
Rosc. (Cochin turmeric)
Eclipta alba L.
(Bhangra)
Eucalyptus globulus
Labill (Australian Fever)
Euphorbia antiquorum
Linn. (Indian spurge)
Euphorbia hirata L.
(Snakeweed)
Euphrasia officinalis
Linn. (Eyebright)
Foeniculum vulgare
Meller (Fennel)
Ginkgo biloba L.
(Balkuwari)
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
(Liquorice)
Inula helenium L.
( Tu-mu-xing)
Kaempferia galanga L.
(Black thorn)
Lindera benzoin L. Blume
(Spicewood)
Lobelia inflate Linn.
(Indian Tobacco)
Ocimum sanctum Linn.
(Tulsi)
Papaver rhoes L.
(Red poppy)
Pimpinella anisum L.
(Anise)
Pistacia chinenis Bunge
(Kakar singhi)
Plantago lancolata L.
(Snake Weed)
Ranunculaceae
Part
used
Rz, R
Rutaceae
L, Fr
Labiatae
Convolulaceae
WP
Zingiberaceae
RZ, L
Asteraceaea
R, Se
Myrtaceae
L,B
Euphorbiaceae
WP
Euphorbiaceae
S, L, F
Scrophulariaceae
Umbelliferae
Ginkgoceae
Se, L,
R
L
Papilionaceae
Compositae
(Asteraceae)
Zingiberaceae
Family
Activity
Reference
Expectorant
[18]
Antitussive &
Expectorant
Antitussive
[18]
Antitussive &
Expectorant
Antitussive
[37]
Antitussive
[ 38]
Expectorant
[38-41]
Antitussive
[38-41]
Antitussive
[39]
Antitussive
[28]
Antitussive
[39]
Antitussive
[42]
Antitussive &
Expectorant
Expectorant
[21,43,44]
[45]
L, Rz
Antitussive
[46]
Lauraceae
B,L.
Expectorant
[47]
Lobeliaceae
Se
Antitussive
[48]
Lamiaceae
[49,50]
Se
Antitussive &
Expectorant
Expectorant
[22]
Apiaceae
Anacardiaceae
Galls
Antitussive
Papaveraceae
L, Se,
R
F,
Antitussive
[39]
Plantaginaceae
L, Se,
R.
Polysaccharides,
tannins, iridoid glycosides
Antitussive
[51]
Antitussive &
Expectorant
[18]
Expectorant
[52]
Expectorant
& Antitussive
Expectorant
[52]
Expectorant
[54]
Expectorant
[45]
Expectorant
[45]
Expectorant
[45]
Expectorant
[45]
Expectorant
[45,54]
Antitussive
[26]
Antitussive
[55,56]
56
Platycodon grandiflorum
Campanulaceae
R
Triterpenoid saponin,
Jacq. A. DC (Chinese
Platycodigenic acid,
bellflower)
Platycodigenin,
57
Polemonium reptans L.
Poemoniaceae
R
It contains triterpene saponins.
(Bluebells)
58
Polygala amara L.
Polygalaceae
Rz
phenol glycosides, polygalite
(Bitter milkworth)
59
Polygala senega L.
Polygalaceae
Rz
Sitosterol (b-sitosterol), Dehydrocholic acid (3,7,12(Sneca Snake root)
trioxocholanic acid, steroids
60
Polygonum cuspidatum
Polygonaceae,
R,L
anthraquinones and anthraglycosides primarily
Sieb(JapaneseKnotweed)
emodin, rhein, chrysophenol, tannins, resveratrol.
61
Prunus armenica Linn
Rosaceae
Se
Amygdalin (cyanhydrine-glucoside), emulsion
(Wild Apricot)
62
Sanguinaria canadenis
Papaveraceae
R
Sanguinarine, chelerythrine, protopine, citric and
Linne. (Bloodroot)
malic acids.
63
Sida rhombifolla L.
Malvaceae
L, R
Pseudoephedrine, beta-Phenethylamine.
(Indian hemp)
64
Thymus vulgaris L.
Lamiaceae
F, L
It contains 2% essential oil.
(Garden thyme)
65
Viola odorata L.
Violaceae
L, F, R
Volatile oil, salicylic acid methyl ester, saponins,
(Banafsaj)
alkaloids.
66
Withania Somnifera
Solanaceae
R,L
Withanine alkaloid, Somniferine, Tropine, Hygrine,
Dunal. (Ashwagandha)
Anaferine.
67
Zingiber officinale Rosc.
Zingiberaceae
Rz
Zingiberene, camphene, -pinene, myrcene,
(Ginger)
limonene, 1,8-cineole , -phellandrene.
L-Leaves, F-Flower, S-Stem, Sh-Shoot, Se-Seeds, Rz-Rhizomes, Fr-Fruit, R-Root, WP-Whole Plant
[18]
[18]
[39, 45]
[52,53]
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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44. Nadkarni AK, Materia Medica., 3rd ed., Vol. I., Popular
prakashan pvt. Ltd., Bombay, 1976, pp.561-611
American
Extra
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