Period

Neogene

400

Jurassic
Triassic

Carboniferous

Cenozoic

300

Cretaceous

Permian

Paleozoic

200

Phanerozoic

100

Mesozoic

Cenozoic Paleogene

Quaternary*

Pleistocene

Pliocene

Silurian

500

Cambrian

Stage

Miocene

Eocene

Lockhar
reservoir

Calabrian/Gelasian
Piacenzian

Zanclean

Cretaceous

900

Earth History

5.3

Serravallian
Langhian

Burdigalian
Aquitanian
Chattian

23

E
L

Rupelian
Priabonian
Bartonian

34

Lutetian

Ypresian

Paleocene

L
M
EPatala

Thanetian
Selandian
Danian
Maastrichtian

Early Neogene

56
66

Campanian

Cryogenian

Neoproterozoic

800

Messinian

Tortonian

Late
700

Paleogeographic Maps

2.6

Ediacaran

600

AGE
(Ma)

Holocene

Oligocene

Devonian

Ordovician

Epoch

Period

Neogene

Era

Paleogene

Age
Eon
(Ma)

Era

History of the Earth

Tonian

Santonian
Coniacian
Turonian
Cenomanian

Chichali seal

Late Cretaceous

100

Albian

Aptian
Early

Lumshiwal
sandstone resrvoir

1300

1500

1600

Proterozoic

1400

Ectasian

Calymmian

1200

Mesoproterozoic

Stenian

Samanasuk
reservoir

Barremian
Hauterivian
Valanginian
Berriasian
Tithonian

Late

146

Early Cretaceous

Kimmeridgian

Intra Datta seal

Jurassic

1100

Mesozoic

1000

Middle

Datta shale
source
Early

Datta sandstone
resevoir

Oxfordian
Callovian
Bathonian
Bajocian
Aalenian

161

176

Toarcian
Pliensbachian
Sinemurian
Hettangian
Rhaetian

200

Norian

1700

Triassic

Late
Statherian

1800

Mianwali
shale source

Carnian

228

Late Triassic

Ladinian
Middle

2000

2100

2200

Orosirian

Anisian

Kingreali L.S &

D.M Reservoir

Early
Lopingian

Permian

Paleoproterozoic

1900

Rhyacian

Guadalupian

Olenekian

Induan
Changhsingian
Wuchiapingian
Capitanian
Wordian/Roadian
Kungurian

245
251
260
271

Artinskian
Cisuralian

Middle Permian

Sakmarian

Carboniferous

Siderian

Neoarchean

2500

2600

2700

Mississippian

2400

Pennsylvanian

2300

Middle

Asselian
Gzhelian
Kasimovian
Moscovian

Early

Bashkirian

Late

Serpukhovian

Middle

Visean

Early

Tournaisian

Late

299

318

Middle Mississippian
359

2800

Famennian
Late

3500

3600

3900

4000

4100

Devonian

Givetian
Eifelian

Pragian
Lochkovian

Lower limit is
not defined

Ludlow
Wenlock

Ludfordian/Gorstian
Homerian/Sheinwoodian

398

416
419
423

Early Middle Devonian

428

Telychian
Llandovery
Aeronian/Rhuddanian
Hirnantian
Late

Katian
Sandbian

Middle

444

461

Darriwilian

472
Floian
Early

Middle Ordovician

Tremadocian

Eoarchean

3700

3800

Middle

Pridoli

Silurian

3400

385

Early

Ordovician

3300

Frasnian

Emsian

Furongian

Cambrian

3200

Archean

3100

Paleoarchean

3000

Paleozoic

Mesoarchean

2900

Stage 10
Stage 9
Paibian
Stage 7

Series 3
Series 2

Drumian
Stage 5

488

501
510

Map Legend

Stage 4
Stage 3

521

Stage 2
Series 1
Stage 1

542

International divisions of geologic time (eras, periods, epochs, stages) are standardized by the International Commission on Stratigraphy
(ICS, www.stratigraphy.org). The color scheme of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World is shown for these divisions,
and their numerical ages are from "A Geologic Time Scale 2004" (Gradstein et al., Cambridge University Press). Paleogeographic maps
were provided courtesy of Ron Blakey with plate positions modified from Chris Scotese. The evolution of life is modified from John
Gurches painting Tower of Time ( Smithsonian Institution). This chart was compiled and drafted by Gabi Ogg and Bruce Wardlaw.
* The status of the Quaternary is not yet decided. Its base may be assigned as the base of the Gelasian and extend the base of the
Pleistocene to 2.6 Ma.

AFR
ANT
AUS
BAL
Gon

Spreading Center

Mountain Belt
Subduction Zone

Or Orogeny

Africa
Antarctica
Australia
Baltica
Gondwana

Ocean
(mountainbuilding episode)

IND
NAM
SAM
SIB

India
North America
South America
Siberia

This poster was developed in collaboration with the United States

Geological Survey and with the CHRONOS program (sponsored by
the U.S. National Science Foundation).

Copyright 2007,
International Commission
on Stratigraphy

ICS